[Addressing sexual violence in health services]. / La violencia sexual y su abordaje en el sistema de salud.

Sexual violence is a very underdetected public health problem, with important short and long-term consequences on physical, mental, social, sexual and reproductive health, which must be taken into account by health services. Health systems are part of the set of resources necessary for a comprehensive approach from the ecological model: prevention and promotion of healthy sexuality with equality, adequate and coordinated care in the event of sexual assault and subsequent support to prevent sequelae. All sexual violence has health consequences, even those that may seem less serious such as sexual harassment or sexual cyberviolence. We must know the needs of the victim and their possible emotional reactions. A risk assessment will be carried out, the victim will be referred to a hospital if necessary and comprehensive and integrated care will be provided. Care and follow-up must focus on the survivor and with professionals trained in trauma to understand the consequences of sexual violence, offer a safe and trusting environment and know how to reinforce their qualities and support.

Transfers of Care between Healthcare Professionals in Obstetric Units of Different Sizes across Spain and in a Hospital in Ireland: The MidconBirth Study.

BACKGROUND: In Europe, the majority of healthy women give birth at conventional obstetric units with the assistance of registered midwives. This study examines the relationships between the intrapartum transfer of care (TOC) from midwife to obstetrician-led maternity care, obstetric unit size (OUS) with different degrees of midwifery autonomy, intrapartum interventions and birth outcomes. METHODS: A prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional study promoted by the COST Action IS1405 was carried out at eight public hospitals in Spain and Ireland between 2016-2019. The primary outcome was TOC. The secondary outcomes included type of onset of labour, oxytocin stimulation, epidural analgesia, type of birth, episiotomy/perineal injury, postpartum haemorrhage, early initiation of breastfeeding and early skin-to-skin contact. A logistic regression was performed to ascertain the effects of studied co-variables on the likelihood that participants had a TOC; Results: Out of a total of 2,126 low-risk women, those whose intrapartum care was initiated by a midwife (1772) were selected. There were statistically significant differences between TOC and OUS (S1 = 29.0%, S2 = 44.0%, S3 = 52.9%, S4 = 30.2%, p < 0.001). Statistically differences between OUS and onset of labour, oxytocin stimulation, type of birth and episiotomy or perineal injury were observed (p = 0.009, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001 respectively); Conclusions: Findings suggest that the model of care and OUS have a significant effect on the prevalence of intrapartum TOC and the birth outcomes. Future research should examine how models of care differ as a function of the OUS in a hospital, as well as the cost-effectiveness for the health care system.

Perspectiva de género en páginas webs españolas de salud sexual para la población joven / Gender perspective on Spanish websites addressed to young people's sexual health

Introducción. El desarrollo imparable de las nuevas tecnologías y su uso creciente como fuente de información en salud sexual por parte de la población más joven nos hace replantearnos si la información que los jóvenes están recibiendo a través de estas páginas web es objetiva y fiable, y si refleja un modelo de sexualidad integral y con perspectiva de género. Objetivos. Analizar el contenido visual y escrito del Portal de Salud Sexual de población joven de Castilla y León desde una visión holística de la sexualidad y contrastar las páginas web de salud sexual joven de instituciones oficiales de las diferentes comunidades autónomas de España. Material y método. Se ha realizado una evaluación del diseño y de los contenidos de la página de la web de Salud Sexual Joven de Castilla y León mediante una matriz de análisis que respondía a las necesidades y objetivos del estudio. Resultados y conclusiones. El modelo de salud sexual que promueve el portal estudiado, a través de sus contenidos e imágenes, es un modelo heterosexista basado en la prevención de riesgos, cuyo eje central está sustentado en la reducción de riesgos de contraer infecciones de trasmisión sexual (ITS) o embarazos no planificados, lo cual fomenta por tanto una visión de la sexualidad limitada y coitocéntrica. Su abordaje se plantea ciego al género, omitiendo los factores sociales, culturales e individuales que interactúan en mujeres y hombres a la hora de vivir su sexualidad

Introduction. The unstoppable development of new technologies and their increasing use as a source of information on sexual health by the younger population, makes us wonder whether the information they are receiving through websites is objective and reliable; and whether it reflects a model of comprehensive sexuality with a gender perspective. Objectives. To analyze the visual and written content of the Sexual Health Portal for young people of Castilla y León from a holistic sexual perspective and to compare the websites for young people’s sexual health from official institutions of Spain’s different autonomous communities. Materials and method. The design and contents of the website for Young People’s Sexual Health of Castilla y León were analyzed using a matrix that met the study’s needs and objectives. Results and conclusions. The sexual health model promoted by the portal, through its contents and images, follows a heteronormative model based on risk prevention, whose central axis is based on the reduction of risks of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or unplanned pregnancies, thus promoting a vision of a limited and coitocentric sexuality. The website’s approach to sexuality is gender blind, omitting the social, cultural and individual factors present in women and men's sexual experiences