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1.
J Crit Care ; 21(2): 209-16, 2006 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16769470

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Pneumothorax is present as a frequent complication in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Persistent air leak (PAL) prolongs pneumothorax in 2% of cases of ARDS, increasing the rate of mortality by 26%. Pleurodesis using autologous blood (PAB) is an effective method in cases of oncological pulmonary surgery. The goal of this study was to compare PAB with the conventional drain and water seal in the management of PAL in patients with ARDS and pneumothorax. DESIGN: The study was a case-control, prospective, nonrandomized one comparing 2 groups subjected to artificial pairing (1:1). SETTING: The study took place at the Torrecardenas Hospital (Andalusian Health Service, Almería, Spain). PATIENTS: Participants were 2 groups of 27 patients, all with ARDS, pneumothorax, and PAL. INTERVENTIONS: One group received conventional treatment whereas the other received PAB. MAIN RESULTS: The severity of the conditions of both groups is homogeneous, shown by sex; age; Murray, Marshall, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores; and etiology of ARDS. The patients in the PAB group had a shorter stay in the ICU, shorter weaning time (WT), and lower death rate. The average differences between the groups were 11 days less WT (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.1) and 9 days less on average time spent in the ICU (adjusted OR = 0.24). The death rates in the PAB group and the control group were 3.7% and 29.6%, respectively (adjusted OR = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: The use of PAB makes possible a decrease in ventilator WT and a shorter stay in the ICU, with a resulting increase in functional recuperation and decrease in patient mortality.


Subject(s)
Blood Transfusion, Autologous/methods , Pleurodesis/methods , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy , Acute Kidney Injury/physiopathology , Acute Kidney Injury/therapy , Air , Blood Transfusion, Autologous/adverse effects , Blood Transfusion, Autologous/mortality , Disease Progression , Equipment Failure , Female , Humans , Male , Pneumothorax/etiology , Pneumothorax/therapy , Reference Values , Respiratory Tract Infections/physiopathology , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Survival Analysis
2.
Rev Esp Cardiol ; 57(6): 499-506, 2004 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15225496

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of different types of sports on plasma lipid profile. Subjects and method. Fasting plasma levels of total, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol (TC, LDLc, HDLc), triglycerides, phospholipids, apo A-I, apo B-100, and Lp(a) were measured in 28 swimmers, 17 volleyball players and 23 soccer players, and in a control group. All subjects participated in official national competitions except the control group. The results were compared to those in a control group of 26 healthy sedentary subjects. All groups were matched according to age, body mass index and nutritional status. Cutoff points to classify subjects with high plasma concentrations of Lp(a) and LDLc were 32 mg/dL and 128 mg/dL, respectively. For other variables the cutoff points were the third quartile values recorded in the control group, except for apo A-I and HDLc, for which we used the first quartile values. RESULTS: Persons who practice sports involving a high level of physical exertion (volleyball and soccer players) had a less favorable lipid profile compared to control subjects. In contrast, swimmers had a more favorable lipid profile. The odds ratio for lipid profile anomalies was significantly higher in volleyball and soccer players, and lower in swimmers. In the former two groups we observed a clear tendency toward simultaneous elevations in LDLc, apo B-100 and Lp(a). In contrast, the opposite interaction was seen in swimmers, who had lower values for all lipids. CONCLUSION: Our results show that stressful physical exertion can lead to abnormalities in plasma lipid profile.


Subject(s)
Apolipoprotein A-I/blood , Exercise , Lipids/blood , Sports , Triglycerides/blood , Adult , Apolipoprotein B-100 , Apolipoproteins B/blood , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Clinical Trials as Topic , Humans , Hyperlipidemias/blood , Lipoprotein(a)/blood
3.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 120(9): 321-5, 2003 Mar 15.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12646106

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: At present, there is strong concern about the efficacy of current antimicrobial prophylaxis for the management of neutropenic patients. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of levofloxacin, a new quinolone with expanded activity against grampositive bacteria, versus cotrimoxazol as a prophylactic treatment for granulocytopenic patients. PATIENTS AND METHOD: In this prospective and controlled study, we included 249 consecutive episodes of neutropenia, such as those resulting from lymphoma and leukemia treatment, during 28 months (from November 1999 to February 2002). These episodes were divided into 3 cohorts: the first was treated with levofloxacin, the second with cotrimoxazol and the third was a subgroup without antibiotic prophylaxis (control group). The incidence of infection, rate of mortality, and reduction of hospitalization rate for treatment with parenteral antibiotics were tested. RESULTS: There was a reduction in documented infections (clinically or microbiologically) when comparing the levofloxacin cohort with the control cohort (p < 0.0001) and the levofloxacin cohort with the cotrimoxazol group (p < 0.01). The reduction in the hospitalization rate for treatment with parenteral antibiotics reached statistical significance when comparing the levofloxacin group with the control cohort (p < 0.001) and levofloxacin group with the cotrimoxazol group (p < 0.05). Although the rate of global mortality was lower in the levofloxacin group than in the other two groups, no statistical significance was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that levofloxacin effectively reduces the incidence of infection, the rate of hospitalization and the requirement for parenteral antibiotics. Although we found a reduction in the overall mortality and in the infection-related mortality, the corresponding data did not reach statistical significance.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Levofloxacin , Neutropenia/immunology , Ofloxacin/therapeutic use , Opportunistic Infections/prevention & control , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Humans , Leukemia/immunology , Leukemia/therapy , Lymphoma/immunology , Lymphoma/therapy , Middle Aged , Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
4.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 120(9): 321-325, mar. 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-19982

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: En el momento actual existe una honda preocupación sobre la eficacia de la profilaxis antimicrobiana en pacientes neutropénicos. Se plantea como objetivo el estudio de la efectividad del levofloxacino, una nueva quinolona con mayor actividad sobre microorganismos grampositivos, comparado con cotrimoxazol y con la ausencia de tratamiento antimicrobiano (grupo control), como tratamiento profiláctico en pacientes granulocitopénicos. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: En este estudio, prospectivo y controlado, se han incluido 249 episodios consecutivos de neutropenia en pacientes sometidos a regímenes de poliquimioterapia, durante 28 meses (desde noviembre de 1999 a febrero de 2002). Estos episodios se han distribuido en tres cohortes: según recibieran levofloxacino, cotrimoxazol, o sin tratamiento antibiótico profiláctico (grupo control). Se han estudiado la tasa de infecciones, el índice de mortalidad y la necesidad de ingreso hospitalario para tratamiento antibiótico intravenoso. RESULTADOS: Los datos de este estudio evidencian una reducción de la tasa de infecciones documentadas (clínica o bacteriológicamente) entre el grupo de levofloxacino y el grupo control (p < 0,0001), así como entre el grupo de levofloxacino y el de cotrimoxazol (p < 0,01). La reducción de la necesidad de hospitalización para tratamiento antibiótico por vía intravenosa alcanzó significación estadística entre la cohorte de levofloxacino y la de control (p < 0,001) y entre levofloxacino y cotrimoxazol (p < 0,05). Aunque la tasa de mortalidad global fue inferior en el grupo de levofloxacino que en los otros dos grupos, no llegó a alcanzar valor estadístico significativo. Además, sólo hubo dos casos de mortalidad en pacientes en remisión en el momento de recibir la poliquimioterapia (uno en el grupo control y otro en el de cotrimoxazol). Por otro lado, los datos de la mortalidad asociada a infección, aunque también fueron mejores en el grupo de levofloxacino, tampoco alcanzaron significación estadística. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que el levofloxacino es efectivo en la reducción de la incidencia de infección y del índice de hospitalización para tratamiento con antibioticos por vía intravenosa. Aunque se ha observado una reducción en la mortalidad global y en la mortalidad relacionada con infección, estos valores no llegaron a alcanzar significación estadística. Según las bases de datos consultadas, éste es el primer estudio controlado en el cual esta nueva quinolona se ha ensayado en pacientes neutropénicos sometidos a regímenes poliquimioterápicos para tratar enfermedades oncohematológicas (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Humans , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Risk-Taking , HIV Infections , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination , Ofloxacin , Treatment Outcome , Opportunistic Infections , Neutropenia , Surveys and Questionnaires , Prospective Studies , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Lymphoma , Leukemia
5.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 54(9): 875-883, nov. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-6230

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: La litotricia extracorpórea por ondas de choque (LEOC) es una técnica terapéutica que no está exenta de efectos adversos. Se han descrito alteraciones sobre el riñón que se advierten por exploraciones complementarias aunque sabemos que en la mayoría de los casos hay lesiones mínimas, que se recuperan en pocos días y que no dan manifestaciones clínicas, ni se evidencian en la ecografía. Por este motivo estudiamos un marcador de daño renal como es la excreción urinaria de glucosaminoglicanos (GAG) en pacientes con litiasis renal, antes, inmediatamente después y 30 días pasada la LEOC. La novedad del trabajo radica en que hemos clasificado a los pacientes con litiasis según el grado de función renal previo a la litotricia, ya que sabemos que el cuadro obstructivo por litiasis ya está provocando cierto grado de lesión renal. MÉTODOS: La cuantificación de GAG se realizó en orina por el método colorimétrico descrito por Pennock. RESULTADOS: Respecto a los controles sanos la eliminación por orina de GAG es menor en los pacientes con litiasis renal y función renal conservada. Cuando existe insificiencia renal estos valores están elevados como consecuencia de la nefropatía obstructiva ocasionada por los cálculos. Hemos observado como tras la LEOC se produce un importante ascenso en la excreción urinaria de GAG, tanto en el grupo de pacientes con litiasis renal y función renal conservada como en el grupo con litiasis e insuficiencia renal. A los 30 días postlitotricia los valores de GAG vuelven a los niveles que el paciente tenía antes de la prueba. CONCLUSIONES: La cuantificación en orina de GAG es un buen método bioquímico que nos ayuda a evaluar el daño parenquimatoso renal ocasionado por la LEOC (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adult , Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Lithotripsy , Kidney Calculi , Glycosaminoglycans
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