ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The oral antiviral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir interacts with a range of drugs. Candidate patients to receive this antiviral agent are usually vulnerable, multipathological and polymedicated. The objective is to evaluate the pharmaceutical validation prior to the administration of the antiviral. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Drug-drug interactions between nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and patients' usual treatment medications were checked in product information and in the UpToDate® and the University of Liverpool® interaction tools. We included validated prescriptions between April/2022 and April/2023 by a Primary Care pharmacist. RESULTS: Of the 159 study patients, 168 interactions were found in 83 individuals, which may have led to changes of their usual treatment. Statins (25.6%), anticoagulants (10.7%), and antihypertensives (10.7%) were the most frequently implicated therapeutic groups. Discontinuation (53.0%) and dose reduction (22.6%) were the most common treatment changes. CONCLUSIONS: Our search of potential drug interactions and subsequent dose adjustments and modifications of the patient's usual treatment has helped avoid potential toxicities ensuring a safe use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.
Subject(s)
Outpatients , Ritonavir , Humans , Drug Interactions , Primary Health Care , Antiviral AgentsABSTRACT
Fundamento. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir es un antiviral oral con un alto potencial de producir interacciones farmacológicas. La población candidata a recibirlo es mayoritariamente vulnerable, con enfermedades crónicas y polimedicada. El objetivo es evaluar la validación farmacéutica previa a la ad-ministración del antiviral.Material y métodos. Las interacciones farmacológicas entre nirmatrelvir/ritonavir y el tratamiento habitual se consulta-ron en fichas técnicas y las herramientas de interacciones de UpToDate® y Universidad de Liverpool®. Se incluyeron las prescripciones validadas por un farmacéutico de atención primaria (abril/2022-abril/2023). Resultados. Se incluyeron 159 pacientes; en 83 se detecta-ron 168 interacciones que podían suponer un cambio en su tratamiento. Las estatinas (25,6%), anticoagulantes (10,7%) y antihipertensivos (10,7%) fueron los grupos terapéuticos más frecuentemente implicados. La suspensión (53,0%) y reducción de dosis (22,6%) fueron los cambios de trata-miento más frecuentes. Conclusiones. La revisión de potenciales interacciones far-macológicas, los ajustes posológicos y las modificaciones del tratamiento habitual del paciente han evitado potenciales to-xicidades, mejorando la seguridad de nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (AU)
Background. The oral antiviral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir inter-acts with a range of drugs. Candidate patients to receive this antiviral agent are usually vulnerable, multipathological and polymedicated. The objective is to evaluate the phar-maceutical validation prior to the administration of the an-tiviral.Material and methods. Drug-drug interactions between nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and patients usual treatment medi-cations were checked in product information and in the Up-ToDate® and the University of Liverpool® interaction tools. We included validated prescriptions between April/2022 and April/2023 by a Primary Care pharmacist.Results. Of the 159 study patients, 168 interactions were found in 83 individuals, which may have led to changes of their usual treatment. Statins (25.6%), anticoagulants (10.7%), and antihypertensives (10.7%) were the most fre-quently implicated therapeutic groups. Discontinuation (53.0%) and dose reduction (22.6%) were the most common treatment changes. Conclusions. Our search of potential drug interactions and subsequent dose adjustments and modifications of the pa-tients usual treatment has helped avoid potential toxicities ensuring a safe use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (AU)
Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Ritonavir/administration & dosage , Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Primary Health Care , Ambulatory Care , /drug therapy , Drug InteractionsABSTRACT
En diciembre de 2019 surgió un nuevo coronavirus, muy virulento y que provocaba un cuadrosevero a nivel respiratorio. La falta de experiencia con esta nueva enfermedad, unida a sugravedad y alta mortalidad, hizo que se utilizaran una gran cantidad de medicamentos sinexperiencia y se investigara sobre nuevas terapias específicas para combatirlo. Los primeros medicamentos que se utilizaron fueron antirretrovirales, usados habitualmente para eltratamiento del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, y antiparasitarios, por su actividadinmunosupresora. Además, debido a la neumonía que producía este nuevo virus se utilizabanantibióticos por el riesgo de sobreinfección bacteriana, además de corticoides. Posteriormente, se comenzaron a usar terapias inmunomoduladoras como interferones, anticuerposmonoclonales o moléculas pequeñas dirigidas contra dianas implicadas en el proceso de lainflamación. Durante todo este tiempo surgieron nuevas terapias como remdesivir, cuyaspautas de uso fueron cambiando a lo largo de los meses. En enero de 2022 cambió el paradigma de tratamiento de esta enfermedad, ya que se incluyeron nuevas alternativas tera-péuticas tanto para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad como para su prevención, como sonsotrovimab, casirivimab-imdevimab o nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. Desde este momento, la AgenciaEspañola del Medicamento y Productos Sanitarios publicó una serie de recomendaciones deutilización de estos nuevos medicamentos, que se han ido actualizando hasta la fecha. Eneste artículo hacemos una revisión de los tratamientos utilizados desde el inicio de la pandemia hasta enero de 2023.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Pandemics , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage , Spain , Public Health , Health Services , Antiparasitic Agents , Adjuvants, ImmunologicABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To analyse the changes in patient-reported outcomes after starting advanced antirheumatic treatment. METHODS: The study included all patients who started self-administered biological or targeted synthetic treatments for rheumatoid arthritis between February and November 2020. The patients were given the RAID quality of life questionnaire to complete before starting the treatment and after 4 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the association between patients' clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and quality of life improvement. The level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: Forty-six patients were included. Their ratings in the RAID questionnaire were improved after 4 months of treatment, both in the final overall total, which improved by 1.63±2.29 points, and in the different subtopics of the questionnaire (range 0-10). Pain was the domain that improved the most (2.33±2.82 points), followed by functional disability (2.15±2.51) and physical well-being (1.96±3.18). The improvement was statistically significant in all domains except the sleep score, which showed no statistically significant difference between the two time points analysed. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced antirheumatic treatment improves the quality of life of patients after 4 months of treatment.
