ABSTRACT
El agua muchas veces es una gran desconocida, por lo que esta revisión intenta abarcar todos los aspectos importantes, haciendo especial incidencia en las aguas mineromedicinales, que por su cantidad, calidad y potencial merecen un estudio profundo. De una forma sencilla se han incluido reseñas históricas, los últimos avances en el estudio de su composición y propiedades y la clasificación actual y normativa a aplicar en los distintos tipos de aguas. Las aguas mineromedicinales, una parte muy importante dentro de todo el complejo sistema del agua, se han estudiado con especial detenimiento en base a sus distintas clasificaciones (termalidad, presión osmótica, contenido aniónico y catiónico y por la existencia de un ion predominante). De forma general todo el mundo relaciona la utilización de las aguas mineromedicinales con acciones terapéuticas, aunque su conocimiento sea, la mayoría de las veces, escaso y difuso. El apartado sobre mecanismos de acción de las aguas termales, así como las diferentes técnicas de aplicación pretender facilitar este conocimiento para una mejor comprensión de la utilidad que tienen estas aguas. Una vez leída esta revisión se podrá comprender qué importante resultan las aguas en nuestra vida, especialmente las mineromedicinales, y si se consigue que al menos algún lector descubra la riqueza de las aguas, este trabajo habrá servido para algo (AU)
Often, water is a great stranger, That´s the reason why this revision tries to include all the important aspects, making special incidence in the mineral waters (spring water), that by their amount, quality and potential deserve a deep study. Of a simple form they are had including historical reviews, the last advances in the study of its composition and properties and the present and normative classification to apply in the different types of waters. The spring waters, very important part within all the complex system of water, have studied with special thoroughness on the basis of their different classifications (temperature, osmotic pressure, anionic and cationic content and by the existence of a predominant ion). From general form everybody relates the use of spring waters mining to therapeutic actions, although their knowledge is most of the times little and diffuse. The section on mechanisms of action of thermal waters as well as the different techniques from application try to facilitate this knowledge for one better understanding of the utility that have these waters. Once read this revision it will be possible to understand that important are the waters in our life, specially the mineral water, and if is obtained that at least some reader discovers the wealth of waters, this work will have been used for something (AU)
Subject(s)
Water Physicochemical Characteristics , Mineral Waters/therapeutic use , Balneology , Hydrotherapy , Thermal Water , HydrotherapyABSTRACT
Vaccinations are considered to be one of the most protitable Public Health activities, given that almost three million deaths and four hundred thousand cases of polyomyelitis paralysis are avoided throughout the world every year. Nevertheless, in under-developed countries, especially Africa, two million children die every year from diseases that can be prevented by vaccination. This article studies the re-emergence in recent years of diphtheria in Eastern European countries (Ukrania, Russia, Belorussia, Poland, ...) and of polyomyelitis in countries with no recorded cases of the disease in many years, such as the Netherlands, Bulgaria or Transcaucasian Republics and Eastern Asian countries formerly of the Soviet Union. An anlaysis is carried out on extent and effects, the factors contributing to re-emergence and preventive measures adopted to minimise outbreaks and avoid further cases.
