ABSTRACT
El reconocimiento médico deportivo es considerado como un punto de partida para cualquier deportista antes de incorporarse a la actividad física o deportiva. Su objetivo principal es la detección de patologías que pudieran poner en riesgo su vida y aquellas que una vez corregidas pueden potenciar el rendimiento físico. Es por ello por lo que debe realizarse por un equipo de salud multidisciplinario experto en el área. De esta manera, resulta importante revisar la evidencia científica y conocer directamente el estado de salud de un grupo de adultos y niños deportistas, su incidencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares y el rol de la enfermería en su aplicación. Este estudio, evaluó una muestra de 7.340 deportistas con edades comprendidas entre los 3 y 17 años, compuesta de 1.693 femeninos y 5.647 masculinos, a los cuales se les realizó el reconocimiento médico deportivo, de acuerdo con un protocolo registrado y establecido previamente en los clubes deportivos de 2 provincias españolas con el apoyo del personal de enfermería durante el año 2021. De estos, se obtuvo un total de 112 casos de patologías cardiacas, de los cuales el 54% tenía conocimiento de patología cardiaca y el 64% no era conocido. De este grupo de patologías cardíacas no conocidas, el 5,9% de los casos requirió intervención quirúrgica, el 21,1% se encuentra en revisión y el 73% fue dado de alta. El total de casos con patologías cardíacas no conocida representa un 0,70% de la muestra. Así mismo, se determinó el rol fundamental de enfermería en la aplicación de este protocolo.(AU)
The sports medical examination is considered a starting point for any athlete before taking up physical or sporting activity. Its main objective is to detect pathologies that could put your life at risk and those that, once corrected, can enhance physical performance. This is why it must be carried out by a multidisciplinary health team with expertise in the area. In this way, it is important to review the scientific evidence and learn directly about the health status of a group of adult and child athletes, their incidence of cardiovascular diseases and the role of nursing in their application. This study evaluated a sample of 7340 athletes aged between 3 and 17 years, composed of 1693 females and 5647 males, who underwent a sports medical examination, according to a registered and previously established protocol in sports clubs in 2 Spanish provinces with the support of nursing staff during the year 2021. Of these, a total of 112 cases of cardiac pathologies were obtained, of which 54% were known to have a cardiac pathology and 64% were unknown. Of this group of unknown cardiac pathologies, 5.9% of the cases required surgical intervention, 21.1% are under review and 73% were discharged. The total number of cases with unknown cardiac pathologies represents 0.70% of the sample. The fundamental role of nursing in the application of this protocol was also determined.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Heart Diseases/prevention & control , Disease Prevention , Athletic Performance , Death, Sudden , Athletes , Sports Medicine , Medical Examination , Physical Examination , Electrocardiography , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cohort Studies , SpainABSTRACT
Eating disorders are a growing societal problem, especially among young people. This study aims to determine the individual and social factors that support and perpetuate the risk of eating disorders (ED) and their possible consequences on an individual's athletic and academic performances. The sample consisted of 395 athletes between 12 and 16 years of age (M = 14.07; SD = 1.35), of whom 142 (35.9%) were female, and 253 (64.1%) were male. A questionnaire was administered to collect information on sociodemographic data, body image, use of social networks, social relationships, sports practice, risk of developing ED, and academic and sports performance. In the resulting analysis, an initial cross-tabulation was carried out to observe the body distortion of the respondents as a function of BMI, followed by a linear regression to analyze the factors influencing the risk of suffering from ED. In addition, correlations were made to determine the relationship between the risk of manifesting ED and academic and sports performance. The main results show that 77.7% of the young athletes present a risk of ED (M = 13.3; DT = 3.33) due to a high body image distortion, which becomes the determining factor. In addition, relationships with family and friends have a significant influence on this. On the other hand, behaviors related with eating disorders affect concentration (r = -0.122; p = 0.01) and fatigue (r = -0.376; p < 0.01). For all these reasons, generating and promoting prevention and early detection guidelines during adolescence is necessary.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: identificar alteraciones cardiacas en deportistas de entre 3 a 17 años de las provincias de Granada y Almería (España). Método: estudio descriptivo transversal en 7.340 deportistas de clubes deportivos de Granada y Almería en el año 2021. Se les realizó un reconocimiento médico deportivo (RMD) obligatorio para la competición, llevado a cabo por un equipo multidisciplinar (Medicina, Enfermería, Fisioterapia) y acorde a las directrices de la European Society of Cardiology. Tras finalizar el RMD, el personal de Enfermería llevó a cabo una intervención educativa, facilitando consejos sobre la práctica deportiva y realizando el seguimiento de quienes requirieron una valoración por especialistas.Resultados: un 50% de la muestra (7.340) practicaba fútbol. Fueron detectados 52 deportistas con patologías cardiacas no conocidas (0,69%), que sumados a los 60 de quienes ya se conocía que tenían patologías cardiacas ascienden a un 1,5%. De las 52 personas de nueva detección, su edad media fue de 10,8, el 71,4% era hombre y el deporte más practicado fue el fútbol (67,3%). La patología cardiaca más frecuente detectada fue la inversión de la onda T (42,3%). Conclusiones: existe una baja prevalencia de enfermedades cardiacas, representando el 1,5% de la muestra. El RMD aplicado en población infantil y adolescente deportista es efectivo para detectar patología cardiaca. El personal de Enfermería tiene un papel relevante en los RMD para ayudar en la detección de patologías cardiacas y en la prevención de la muerte súbita del deportista, abarcando desde lo educativo, la supervisión del equipamiento, la valoración y el asesoramiento necesario a los deportistas.(AU)
Objectives: to detect cardiac alterations in 3-to-17-year-old sportsmen from the provinces of Granada and Almería (Spain).Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 7,340 sportsmen from sports clubs of Granada and Almería in 2021. A sports medical examination (SME) was conducted, which was compulsory for the competition, by a multidisciplinary team (Medicine, Nursing, Physiotherapy) and according to the guidelines by the European Society of Cardiology. After completing the SME, the Nursing team conducted an educational intervention, providing advice about the sports practice and conducting follow-up for those who required assessment by specialists.Results: of the sample, 50% (7,340) played football. Fifty-two (52) sportsmen with not-known cardiac conditions were detected (0.69%); added to the 60 with already known cardiac conditions, they amounted to 1.5%. The mean age of the 52 persons with new detection was 10.8; 71.4% were male and the most practiced sport was football (67.3%). The most frequently detected cardiac condition was T-wave inversion (42.3%).Conclusions: there is a low prevalence of cardiac conditions, representing 1.5% of the sample. The SME applied in the population of child and adolescent athletes is effective in order to detect cardiac conditions. The Nursing staff plays a relevant role in SMEs to help detect cardiac conditions and in the prevention of sudden deaths in sports, including the educational aspect, equipment supervision, and the required assessment and counselling provided to sportsmen.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Athletes , Death, Sudden , Nursing Care , Athletic Performance , Physical Examination , Motor Activity , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Nursing , Spain , Sports , Physical Therapy Specialty , ElectrocardiographyABSTRACT
The role of heat pumps is linked to the actions of human life. Even though the existing technologies perform well in general, they have still some problems, such as cost, installation area, components size, number of components, noise, etc. To address these issues, membrane technologies have been introduced in both heat and cooling devices. The present work proposes and studied the review of the role of membrane technology in the heat pumps. The study focuses on the advancement and replacement of membrane in the place of absorption and compression heat pump components. The detailed analysis and improvements are focused on the absorber, desorber, and heat and mass exchanger. The parameters conditions and operation of membrane technologies are given in detail. In addition to this, the innovation in the heat pumps using the membrane technology is given in detail.
