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Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 52(10): 634-636, dic. 2005. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-042096

ABSTRACT

Mujer de 67 años que en el séptimo día postoperatorio precisa de canulación de vía venosa central por yugular interna derecha para nutrición parenteral. Cinco días después desarrolla mediastinitis con hidrotórax bilateral que provoca insuficiencia respiratoria y síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SRIS) secundario a perforación vascular por el catéter (presentamos las imágenes de la perforación vascular). Cuatro factores han sido asociados con un incremento en el riesgo de perforación: rigidez y diámetro del catéter, ángulo formado por la punta del catéter con la estructura vascular, y abordajes izquierdos. Además, han sido descritas tres áreas de seguridad, confirmadas por radiología, para la posición del catéter: vena cava superior, límite entre cava superior y aurícula, y punto medio de la vena innominada. Sin embargo, no podemos olvidar que la radiografía es bidimensional y una misma imagen de la punta del catéter puede corresponderse con muy diversas localizaciones (vena cava superior, vena innominada, extravascular, etc.). Aun con evidencia clínica y radiológica de la posición del catéter, hemos de sospechar perforación vascular en aquellos pacientes con vía central y derrame pleural bilateral que presentan insuficiencia respiratoria e inestabilidad hemodinámica


A central venous catheter was inserted into the right internal jugular vein of a 67-year-old woman to provide parenteral nutrition on the 7th day after surgery. Five days later, mediastinitis with bilateral hydrothorax had developed and was causing respiratory failure and systemic inflammatory response syndrome secondary to documented vascular perforation by the catheter. Four factors have been associated with increased risk of perforation: catheter rigidity and diameter, the angle between the tip of the catheter and the vessel wall, and insertion from the left. Three catheter positions have been described as safe when radiologically confirmed: the superior vena cava, the point where the superior vena cava meets the atrium, and the midpoint of the innominate vein. However, it should not be forgotten that a radiograph is 2-dimensional and a single image of a catheter tip can correspond to a variety of locations (superior vena cava, vena innominata, extravascular location, and more). Even when there is clinical and radiologic evidence of catheter positioning, vascular perforation should be suspected in patients with a central venous catheter and bilateral pleural effusion who present respiratory insufficiency and hemodynamic instability


Subject(s)
Female , Aged , Humans , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Hydrothorax/etiology , Jugular Veins/injuries , Parenteral Nutrition, Total/instrumentation , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip , Catheterization, Central Venous/instrumentation , Enteritis/therapy , Fever/etiology , Hydrothorax , Hydrothorax/surgery , Pleural Effusion/etiology , Postoperative Complications , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/etiology , Thoracoscopy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Femur Head Necrosis/surgery
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