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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 151(7): 830-840, jul. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1565668

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: En la evolución de las características de la cirugía coronaria (CC) intervienen factores como cambios demográficos, técnica quirúrgica y cuidados perioperatorios. Nuestro objetivo es analizar la evolución de las características de la enfermedad coronaria en pacientes tratados con CC y sus resultados inmediatos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio analítico. Cohorte de pacientes operados con CC aisladas entre enero de 2006 y diciembre de 2008, y entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2018 en Hospital Clínico Regional de Concepción, Chile. Revisión bases datos y protocolos quirúrgicos, previa autorización comité de ética. Se utilizó SPSSv25® y pruebas estadísticas Chi-cuadrado y U Mann-Whitney, considerando significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: Total 1.400 CC aisladas, 658 primer período y 742 segundo período. Edad promedio: 62,0 ± 8,7 y 64,6 + 9,3 años según períodos (p < 0,001). Aumentaron significativamente en el segundo período: diabetes mellitus, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, infarto agudo al miocardio (IAM), disfunción ventricular grave dentro de subgrupo con disfunción ventricular. Disminución significativa de la cirugía sin circulación extracorpórea, y aumento significativo del uso ≥ 2 puentes arteriales en el segundo período. EuroSCORE I aditivo aumentó de 3,6 ± 2,5 a 4,4 ± 2,7 (p = 0,001). Subgrupo de alto riesgo: 137 (20,8%) a 236 (31,8%), p < 0,001. Mortalidad de 13 (1,98%) y 16 (2,2%) según períodos, p = 0,813. DISCUSIÓN: Se observó aumento significativo del riesgo operatorio estimado, sin embargo, la mortalidad se mantuvo sin variación. El aumento del riesgo operatorio se condice con el aumento de la edad promedio y de la prevalencia de comorbilidades, así como del aumento de disfunción ventricular grave dentro del grupo de pacientes con disfunción ventricular e IAM reciente en el segundo período.


INTRODUCTION: Several factors intervene in the evolution of the characteristics of Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), such as demographic changes, surgical technique, and perioperative care. Our objective was to analyze the evolution of the characteristics of coronary artery disease in patients treated with CABG and its immediate results. METHODS: In an analytical study, we analyzed a cohort of patients with isolated CABG from January 2006 to December 2008 and from January 2016 to December 2018 in Hospital Clínico Regional Concepción, Chile. After the ethics committee's approval, we reviewed the database and surgical protocols. We used Chi-square and U Mann Whitney tests for statistical analysis (SPSSv25®), considering significant p < 0,05. RESULTS: We analyzed 1,400 isolated CABG, 658 from the first period and 742 from the second, with a mean age of 62.0 ± 8.7 and 64.6 ± 9.3 respectively (p < 0.001). The subgroup with ventricular dysfunction in the second period showed a significant increase in diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and severe ventricular dysfunction. The second group decreased off-pump surgery and increased the use of ≥ 2 arterial grafts (p < 0.05). The Additive EuroSCORE I increased from 3.6 ± 2.5 to 4.4 ± 2.7 (p = 0.001). High-risk subgroup: 137 (20.8%) to 236 (31.8%), p < 0.001. Mortality of 13 (1.98%) and 16 (2.2%) in the first and second group respectively, p = 0.813. CONCLUSION: There was a significant increase in the estimated surgical risk; however, mortality remained unchanged. The increase in surgical risk is consistent with the increase in mean age and prevalence of comorbidities, as well as the increase in severe ventricular dysfunction in the group ofpatients with ventricular dysfunction and recent AMI in the second period.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Coronary Artery Disease/surgery , Coronary Artery Bypass/statistics & numerical data , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Time Factors , Chile/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome
2.
Rev Med Chil ; 151(7): 830-840, 2023 Jul.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39093172

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Several factors intervene in the evolution of the characteristics of Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), such as demographic changes, surgical technique, and perioperative care. Our objective was to analyze the evolution of the characteristics of coronary artery disease in patients treated with CABG and its immediate results. METHODS: In an analytical study, we analyzed a cohort of patients with isolated CABG from January 2006 to December 2008 and from January 2016 to December 2018 in Hospital Clínico Regional Concepción, Chile. After the ethics committee's approval, we reviewed the database and surgical protocols. We used Chi-square and U Mann Whitney tests for statistical analysis (SPSSv25®), considering significant p < 0,05. RESULTS: We analyzed 1,400 isolated CABG, 658 from the first period and 742 from the second, with a mean age of 62.0 ± 8.7 and 64.6 ± 9.3 respectively (p < 0.001). The subgroup with ventricular dysfunction in the second period showed a significant increase in diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and severe ventricular dysfunction. The second group decreased off-pump surgery and increased the use of ≥ 2 arterial grafts (p < 0.05). The Additive EuroSCORE I increased from 3.6 ± 2.5 to 4.4 ± 2.7 (p = 0.001). High-risk subgroup: 137 (20.8%) to 236 (31.8%), p < 0.001. Mortality of 13 (1.98%) and 16 (2.2%) in the first and second group respectively, p = 0.813. CONCLUSION: There was a significant increase in the estimated surgical risk; however, mortality remained unchanged. The increase in surgical risk is consistent with the increase in mean age and prevalence of comorbidities, as well as the increase in severe ventricular dysfunction in the group ofpatients with ventricular dysfunction and recent AMI in the second period.


Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Bypass , Coronary Artery Disease , Humans , Coronary Artery Bypass/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Male , Female , Aged , Coronary Artery Disease/surgery , Chile/epidemiology , Treatment Outcome , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Retrospective Studies , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 142(1): 72-78, ene. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-708853

ABSTRACT

The use of objective methods to measure physical activity and thus assess sedentary lifestyle, may change the definition of individuals as being sedentary or physically active. This situation would also interfere on the benefits of physical activity and the dangerous effects of sedentary lifestyle on health. The aim of this review is to clarify the changes that have recently occurred in this area. These could be included in future health care strategies and recommendations for the population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Behavior , Motor Activity , Sedentary Behavior
4.
Nutr. hosp ; 28(2): 447-455, mar.-abr. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-115772

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los estudiantes universitarios son vulnerables a una mala nutrición, no consumen meriendas entre las comidas, no desayunan, ayunan por largas horas, prefieren la comida rápida y además no realizan ejercicios físicos. La población universitaria es considerada la población adulto joven clave para la promoción y prevención de salud para las futuras generaciones, por lo que es trascendental identificar la situación actual nutricional y la frecuencia de actividad física de los universitarios. Objetivos: Determinar los factores que intervienen en la elección de los alimentos y la frecuencia de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Se evaluaron 799 voluntarios de cuatro universidades de la quinta región de Chile. Se aplicó un instrumento para determinar el nivel de actividad física y de hábitos alimentarios, el test kidmed para determinar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y un instrumento Adimark para determinar el nivel socioeconómico de los sujetos. Finalmente se realizó una evaluación antropométrica para determinar IMC, masa grasa y masa muscular. Resultados: La inactividad física es mayor en mujeres que en hombres y plantean que la principal razón para no hacer ejercicio es la falta de tiempo y la pereza. En ambos sexos no leen las etiquetas nutricionales y tienen una media adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Discusión: Existen bajos conocimientos de nutrición que provocan una mala calidad en la alimentación de los sujetos y no existe motivación para realizar mayor actividad física. El nivel socioeconómico no tiene relación con los hábitos alimentarios ni con la actividad física, por lo que es necesario integrar programas regulares y permanentes de vida sana en todas las universidades (AU)


Introduction: University students are vulnerable to poor nutrition; they don't eat snacks between meals, don't eat breakfast or fast for long hours, prefer fast food and don't exercise. University students is considered the key young adult population group for health promotion and prevention for future generations, so it's crucial identify the current nutritional status and frequency of physical activity. Objectives: To determine the factors involved in the choice of food and frequency of physical activity in university students. Methods: 799 volunteers were evaluated from four universities of the fifth region of Chile. Instrument was applied to determine the level of physical activity and eating habits, KIDMED test to determine adherence to the Mediterranean diet and Adimark instrument to determinate the socioeconomic status of the subjects. Finally, anthropometric evaluation to determinate BMI, fat mass and muscle mass. Results: Physical inactivity is higher in women than in men and that the main reason for not exercising is lack of time and laziness. In both sexes don't read nutrition labels and have a low and average adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Discussion: The low knowledge of nutrition is the cause of the poor food quality of subjects and there isn't greater motivation to perform physical activity. Socioeconomic status isn't related to eating habits and physical activity. It's necessary to integrate programs regular and permanent healthy lifestyle in all universities (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Quality , Feeding Behavior , Nutrition Assessment , Motor Activity , Chile/epidemiology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Social Class , Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology
5.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 38(4): 458-465, dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627300

ABSTRACT

During university life s tudents should consolidate healthy habits, presumably acquired during formal education, which should eventually be reflected in the professional adult life. This study aims to determine the influence of the universities on eating habits and physical activity of students. Food habits and physical activity were evaluated in a convenience sample of 169 students of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso attending different courses. The students in this study had been attending the fundamental studies "Autocuidado y Vida Saludable" (Self-care and Healthy Life) given in 2010. Two surveys were taken: Quality of the Food Service (CASEDA) and Quality of the Service of University Sports (CASEDU). They also completed basic anthropometric measurements, blood pressure tests, resting heart rate and blood glucose and triglycerides. The results showed that students have a poor perception of the quality offood service and although they indicated that there is a wide range of healthy and unhealthy foods; they tend to choose foods rich in carbohydrates andfats. This situation adds to their lack of physical activity data. It also shows that in women predominated high levels of triglyceride levels (161mg/dl) and in the male group predominated high blood pressure (132 mmHg). These facts underscore the need to take action at the university to enable students to acquire proper eating habits and provide a range ofphysical activities which will allow students to better use of their free time at college.


Durante la vida universitaria debieran consolidarse los hábitos saludables, supuestamente adquiridos durante la enseñanza escolar, los que finalmente deberían verse reflejados en el profesional adulto. En este estudio se pretende determinar la influencia de los centros universitarios, en los hábitos de alimentación y actividad física de los estudiantes. Se valúan los hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física de una muestra intencionada de 169 estudiantes de diferentes carreras de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, que asisten a la asignatura de estudios fundamentales "Autocuidado y vida saludable", dictada durante el año 2010. Se aplicaron dos encuestas: Calidad del Servicio de Alimentación (CASEDA) y Calidad de Servicio de Deporte Universitario (CASEDU). Además se realizaron antropométrica básica, determinación de la presión arterial, frecuencia cardíaca de reposo y pruebas sanguíneas para la determinación de glicemia y trigliceridemia. Los resultados arrojaron que los estudiantes tienen una mala percepción de la calidad del servicio de alimentación y aunque señalan que existe una amplia oferta de alimentos saludables y no saludables, tienden a elegir alimentos ricos en carbohidratos y lípidos. Esta situación se suma a su escaza práctica de actividad física. Se aprecia además que en el grupo femenino predominan niveles de triglicéridos elevados (161,7 mg/dL) y en el grupo masculino, hipertensión arterial elevada (132,1 mmHg). Estos antecedentes ponen de manifiesto la necesidad tomar acciones a nivel universitario que permitan a los alumnos adquirir hábitos alimentarios adecuados y entregar una oferta de actividades físicas que permitan a los estudiantes ocupar sus tiempos libres dentro de la universidad.


Subject(s)
Students , Food and Nutrition Education , Exercise , Universities , Young Adult , Feeding Behavior , Chile
6.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 38(2): 157-166, jun. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-603017

ABSTRACT

Nowadays the great offer of dietary supplements (DS) in the market has led to a situation in which the use of these products are not only acquired by sportspersons but also to a great population related with physical activity. The main objective of our study was to know the characteristics of the DS consumers and to evaluate its consumption through a survey previously validated and applied to 314 users (198 males and 116 females) from 6 gyms in Viña del Mar. The results showed that more than half of the subjects consumed DS products (54.5 percent). Within male consumers, a 69.4 percent use these products in order to increase muscular mass, while within women, a 62.2 percent consumed them in order to diminish their body fat. There were 5 kinds ofDS products consumed the most: Proteins (55.6 percent), amino acids (25.9 percent), vitamins and minerals (25.1 percent), food substitutes (6.4 percent), caffeine (6.4 percent), and L-carnitine (6.4 percent). The consumer profile is represented by young male individuals, those who follow a special diet, with long practice in gym and who exercise several days a week. Much of consumers did not provide an adequate association between DSN used and the purpose of consuming these supplements.


La gran oferta de suplementos nutricionales (SN) dispuestos en el mercado, ha llevado a que el uso de estos productos no sea adquirido únicamente por deportistas, sino que por parte importante de la población relacionada con la actividad física. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las características de los consumidores de SN, evaluando su consumo en 314 usuarios (198 hombres y 116 mujeres) de 6 gimnasios de la ciudad de Viña del Mar. Los resultados revelan que más de la mitad de los usuarios consumen SN (54,5 por ciento). De los hombres consumidores, un 69,4 por ciento lo realiza para aumentar masa muscular, mientras que del total de las mujeres, un 62,2 por ciento lo utiliza para disminuir grasa corporal. Los cinco tipos de SN más consumidos en relación a su composición de nutrientes y otras fuentes fueron: proteínas (55,6 por ciento), aminoácidos (25,9 por ciento), vitaminas y minerales (25,1 por ciento), sustitutivos de comida (6,4 por ciento), cafeína (6,4 por ciento) y L- carnitina (6,4 por ciento). El perfil del consumidor, está representado por individuos jóvenes, de sexo masculino, los que siguen una dieta especial de alimentación, con largo tiempo de práctica en gimnasio y que se ejercitan varios días y horas a la semana. Gran parte de los consumidores no presentó una adecuada asociación entre el SN utilizado y el objetivo de consumo de estos suplementos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sports , Exercise , Eating , Dietary Supplements , Athletic Performance , Sports Nutritional Sciences , Chile
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