Spatial distribution of hospital admissions for asthma in the central area of Asturias, Northern Spain.

BACKGROUND: Asturias is one of the communities with the highest rates of hospital admission for asthma in Spain. The environmental pollution or people lifestyle are some of the factors that contribute to the appearance or aggravation of this illness. The aim of this study was to show the spatial distribution of asthma admissions risks in the central municipalities of Asturias and to analyze the observed spatial patterns. METHODS: Urgent hospital admissions for asthma and status asthmaticus occurred between 2016 to 2018 on the public hospitals of the central area of Asturias were used. Population data were assigned in 5 age groups. Standardised admission ratio (SAR), smoothed relative risk (SRR) and posterior risk probability (PP) were calculated for each census tract (CT). A spatial trend analysis was run, a spatial autocorrelation index (Morans I) was calculated and a cluster and outlier analysis (Anselin Local Morans I) was finally performed in order to analyze spatial clusters. RESULTS: The total number of hospital urgent asthma admissions during the study period was 2324, 1475 (63.46%) men and 849 (36.56%) women. The municipalities with the highest values of SRR and PP were located on the northwest area: Avilés, Gozón, Carreño, Corvera de Asturias, Castrillón and Illas. A high risk cluster was found for the municipalities of Avilés, Gozón y Corvera de Asturias. CONCLUSIONS: The spatial analysis showed high risk of hospitalization for asthma on the municipalities of the northwest area of the study, which highlight the existence of spatial inequalities on the distribution of urgent hospital admissions.

Spatial Distribution of Hospitalizations for Ischemic Heart Diseases in the Central Region of Asturias, Spain.

Hospitalizations for ischemic heart disease have an uneven distribution throughout Spain, in which Asturias is the community with the highest rates of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and angina pectoris (AP). Cardiovascular diseases are related to environmental, socioeconomic and previous medical conditions, which result in geographical differences in the incidence of hospital admissions and mortality. The goal of this study was to describe the spatial distribution of hospital admissions in the central area of Asturias and explore the existence of spatial patterns or clusters. Urgent hospital admissions for AMI and angina AP in the hospitals of the central area of Asturias were registered, geocoded and grouped by census tracts. Standardized admission ratio, smoothed relative risk, posterior risk probability and analysis of spatial clusters between relative risks throughout the study area were calculated and mapped. Geographical differences were found in the distribution of hospital admissions for AMI and AP across the area and between men and women. The cluster analysis indicated contiguous census tracts with high relative risk values in the northwest region of the study area and low relative risk in the east, particularly for men. The geographical analysis shows the existence of patterns and spatial clusters in the incidence of AMI and AP, for both men and women, in the central area of Asturias.

[Characteristics of communication systems of suspected occupational disease in the Autonomous Communities, Spain]. / Características de los sistemas de comunicación de las sospechas de enfermedad profesional en las Comunidades Autónomas.

BACKGROUND: There are several initiatives to develop systems for the notification of suspected occupational disease (OD) in different autonomous communities. The objective was to describe the status of development and characteristics of these systems implemented by the health authorities. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on the existence of systems for the information and surveillance of suspected OD, their legal framework, responsible institution and availability of information. A specific meeting was held and a survey was designed and sent to all autonomous communities and autonomous cities (AACC). Information was collected on the existence of a regulatory standard, assigned human resources, notifiers, coverage and number of suspected OD received, processed and recognized. RESULTS: 18 of 19 AACC responded. 10 have developed a suspected OD notification system, 3 of them supported by specific autonomic law. The notifiers were physicians of the public health services, physicians of the occupational health services and, in 2 cases, medical inspectors. 7 AACC had specific software to support the system. The OD recognition rate of suspected cases was 53% in the Basque Country; 41% in Castilla-La Mancha; 36% in Murcia; 32.6% in the Valencian Community and 31% in La Rioja. CONCLUSIONS: The study has revealed an heterogeneous development of suspected OD reporting systems in Spain. Although the trend is positive, only 55% of the AACC have some type of development and 39% have specific software supporting it. Therefore unequal OD recognition rates have been obtained depending on the territory.

OBJETIVO: En algunas comunidades autónomas existen diversas iniciativas de sistemas para la comunicación de las sospechas de enfermedades profesionales (EP). El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir su grado de desarrollo y características de los sistemas puestos en marcha desde las administraciones sanitarias a nivel autonómico. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal sobre la existencia de sistemas de información y vigilancia de las enfermedades laborales, marco legal, institución responsable y disponibilidad de la información. Se celebró una reunión y se diseñó una encuesta que se remitió a todas las comunidades y ciudades autónomas (CCAA). Se recogió información sobre existencia de normas reguladoras, recursos humanos asignados, responsables de la notificación, cobertura y número de sospechas de EP recibidas, tramitadas y reconocidas. RESULTADOS: Respondieron 17 CCAA y 1 ciudad autónoma. Tenían desarrollados sistemas de comunicación de sospecha de EP 10 de ella, de los cuales 3 se apoyaban en norma legal autonómica específica. Las personas responsables de la notificación fueron médicos de los servicios públicos de salud, de los servicios de prevención y, en 2 casos, médicos inspectores. 7 CCAA disponían de aplicación informática para dar soporte al sistema. La tasa de reconocimiento de EP de las sospechas tramitadas fue del 53% en el País Vasco; 41% en Castilla-La Mancha; 36% en Murcia; 32,6% en la Comunidad Valenciana y 31% en La Rioja. CONCLUSIONES: El estudio pone de manifiesto un desarrollo desigual de los sistemas de declaración de sospecha de EP en España. Aunque la tendencia es positiva, sólo la mitad de las CCAA tienen algún sistema de comunicación aunque no todos disponen de una aplicación informática que lo soporte, obteniéndose tasas de reconocimiento EP desiguales según la comunidad autónoma.

Características de los sistemas de comunicación de las sospechas de enfermedad profesional en la Comunidades Autónomas / Characteristics of communication systems of suspected occupational disease in the Autonomous Communitites of Spain

Fundamentos: En algunas comunidades autónomas (CCAA) existen diversas iniciativas para conocer la comunicación de las sospechas de enfermedades profesionales (EP) a las autoridades sanitarias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el grado de desarrollo y características de los sistemas puestos en marcha desde las administraciones sanitarias a nivel autonómico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal para conocer los sistemas de información y vigilancia de las enfermedades laborales, marco legal, institución responsable y disponibilidad de la información. Se celebró una reunión y se diseñó una encuesta que se remitió a todas las CCAA y ciudades autónomas. Se recogió información sobre si existían o no normas reguladoras, asignación de recursos humanos, los profesionales responsables de la notificación, la cobertura y el número de sospechas de EP recibidas, tramitadas y reconocidas. Resultados: Respondieron 17 CCAA y 1 ciudad autónoma. Tenían desarrollados sistemas de comunicación de sospecha de EP 10 de ellas, de los cuales 3 se apoyaban en una norma legal autonómica específica. Los profesionales responsables de la notificación fueron médicos/as de los servicios públicos de salud, de los servicios de prevención y 2 de las inspecciones sanitarias. 7 CCAA disponían de aplicación informática para dar soporte al sistema. La tasa de reconocimiento de EP de las sospechas tramitadas fue del 53% en el País Vasco, del 41% en Castilla-La Mancha, del 36% en Murcia, del 32,6% en la Comunidad Valenciana y 31 % en La Rioja. Conclusiones: El estudio pone de manifiesto un desarrollo desigual de los sistemas de declaración de sospecha de EP en España. Aunque la tendencia es positiva, so lo la mitad de las CCAA tienen algún sistema de comunicación aunque no todos disponen de una aplicación informática para gestionarlo, obteniéndose tasas de reconocimiento de EP desiguales entre las comunidades autónomas (AU)

Background: There are several initiatives to develop systems for the notification of suspected occupational disease (OD) in different autonomous communities in Spain. The objective was to describe the status of development and characteristics of these systems implemented by the health authorities. Methods: A cross - sectional descriptive study was carried out on the existence of systems for the information and surveillance of suspected OD, their legal framework, responsible institution and availability of information. A specific meeting was held and a survey was designed and sent to all autonomous communities and autonomous cities (AACC). Information was collected on the existence of a regulatory standard, assigned human resources, notifiers, coverage and number of suspected OD received, processed and recognized. Results: 18 of 19 AACC responded. 10 have developed a suspected OD notification system, 3 of them supported by specific autonomic law. The notifiers were physicians of the public health services, physicians of the occupational health services and, in 2 cases, medical inspectors. 7 AACC had specific software to support the system. The OD recognition rate of suspected cases was 53% in the Basque Country; 41% in Castilla-La Mancha; 36% in Murcia; 32.6% in the Valencian Community and 31% in La Rioja. Conclusions: The study has revealed an heterogeneous development of suspected OD reporting systems in Spain. Although the trend is positive, only 55% of the AACC have some type of development and 39% have specific software supporting it. Therefore unequal OD recognition rates have been obtained depending on the territory (AU)