[Radiological criteria for laryngeal tumors and cervical metastases]. / Criterios radiológicos en los tumores de laringe y sus metástasis cervicales.

Radiological techniques are important for studying the extension of laryngeal tumors. CT and MRI yield high-quality images with few artifacts that can be studied quickly. We reviewed the fundamental criteria for radiologic study of these tumors by ear, nose, and throat specialists on the basis of our personal experience and the literature.

[Orbital cellulitis and permanent amaurosis: clinical case]. / Celulitis orbitaria y amaurosis permanente: caso clínico.

Orbital cellulitis is a rare, potentially serious but complication of acute sinusitis. It is more frequent and benign in children, but in adults usually requieres surgical drainage of the affected sinus. We report a case of aggressive evolution with permanent blindness in an adult without general or local risk factors, in spite of adequate treatment. The literature is reviewed.

[Subdural empyema induced by frontal sinusitis]. / Empiema subdural inducido por sinusitis frontal.

Nowadays the complications arising from sinusitis are rare. However its seriousness can even cause death. Intracranial complications are much more uncommon than the orbital ones. However, slight symptoms can appear, which may disjunct the correlation between clinical-radiology and the severity of the infection. The diagnosis is fundamentally based on the TAC, and early treatment with intravenous anti-biotherapy should be implemented, being followed by drainage surgery of the sinus and empyema. We have presented a case which evolved favourably and revised all the literature pertaining to it.

[Our results in the surgery of otosclerosis]. / Nuestros resultados en la cirugía de la otosclerosis.

A statistical study is made of the results of 78 stapedectomies carried out during the last six years in the Virgen de la Salud Hospital of Toledo, Spain. An auditive gain of 90%, averaging 27 dBs, was found. Other parameters assessed were age, sex, prosthesis type, and failures.

[The inverted ipsilateral reflex: is it an artefact?]. / El reflejo invertido ipsilateral: es un artefacto?

We have studied the characteristics of the inverted reflex obtained by ipsilateral stimulation in nineteen patients. Six of them were affected by perceptual hypoacusis, eleven of those patients had an otosclerosis and two a facial paralysis. The conclusion about our investigation is that in all the cases, it was produced by an artefact and it was not a response from the muscles of the middle ear.

Evidence that a toxemia-related organism (Hydatoxi lualba) is an artifact.

Preeclampsia-eclampsia and trophoblastic disease have been associated with a wormlike organism, Hydatoxi lualba, recently discovered in smears from circulating blood, trophoblastic tumor tissue, and placental tissue of toxemic patients. To investigate these findings peripheral blood smears from patients with preeclampsia-eclampsia, patients with hydatidiform mole, normal pregnant patients, and nonpregnant subjects were studied. The smears were stained with toluidine blue-O and Giemsa. The average size of wormlike forms found was 2.5 by 0.23 mm. None stained with Giemsa. The frequency of positivity for toxemic patients was 56.5% and 81.8% for normal pregnant patients. Samples from molar pregnancies were negative. Observations performed directly in fresh blood were also negative. The forms were observed not only in peripheral blood but also in serum obtained after centrifugation or passage through Millipore filters. No evidence of reproductive elements was found, and electron microscopy revealed no particular structure. The results suggest that the organism is an artifact.