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1.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 42(5): 485-492, sept.-oct. 2014. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-127285

ABSTRACT

When designing any research project, definition is required of the sample size needed in order to carry out the study. This sample size is an estimate of the number of patients required in accordance with the pursued study objective. In this context, it is more efficient in terms of both cost and time to use samples than to work with the entire population. The present article describes the way to establish sample size in the kinds of studies most frequently found in health research, and how to calculate it using the epicalc package included in the shareware R program. A description is provided of the formulae used to calculate sample sizes for the estimation of a mean and percentage (referring to both finite and infinite populations) and for the comparison of two proportions and two means. Likewise, examples of the application of the mentioned statistical package are provided


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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , 29161 , Sample Size , Allergy and Immunology/statistics & numerical data , Population Density
2.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) ; 42(5): 485-92, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24280317

ABSTRACT

When designing any research project, definition is required of the sample size needed in order to carry out the study. This sample size is an estimate of the number of patients required in accordance with the pursued study objective. In this context, it is more efficient in terms of both cost and time to use samples than to work with the entire population. The present article describes the way to establish sample size in the kinds of studies most frequently found in health research, and how to calculate it using the epicalc package included in the shareware R program. A description is provided of the formulae used to calculate sample sizes for the estimation of a mean and percentage (referring to both finite and infinite populations) and for the comparison of two proportions and two means. Likewise, examples of the application of the mentioned statistical package are provided.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Sample Size , Humans
3.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 68(5): 436-439, nov. 2000. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-5632

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Evaluamos la influencia de diferentes variables clínicas, patológicas y terapéuticas sobre la supervivencia tras gastrectomía con intención curativa en pacientes con adenocarcinoma gástrico. Pacientes y métodos. Entre 1985 y 1992, 202 pacientes fueron gastrectomizados por adenocarcinoma gástrico, 108 (53,4 por ciento) con intención curativa. Los datos clinicoterapéuticos fueron obtenidos retrospectivamente de las historias clínicas, y los patológicos de la revisión de sus preparaciones. El análisis estadístico utilizado fue el test de rangos logarítmicos (análisis univariante) y el modelo de regresión de Cox (análisis multivariante), siendo la variable dependiente el tiempo de supervivencia. Resultados. La tasa de supervivencia a los 5 años fue del 55 por ciento. Los datos de mal pronóstico en el análisis univariante fueron: afectación difusa del estómago o localización proximal, práctica de esplenectomía, transfusión perioperatoria, presencia de microinvasión capilar, grado de T y estadio tumoral avanzado, edad mayor de 65 años, afectación ganglionar y desarrollo de complicaciones postoperatorias. En el análisis multivariante, estas tres últimas variables emergen como factores pronósticos desfavorables independientes para la supervivencia. Conclusiones. Edad avanzada, afectación ganglionar y morbilidad postoperatoria son factores que influyen desfavorablemente en la supervivencia de pacientes con adenocarcinoma gástrico resecado con intención curativa (AU)


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Male , Humans , Gastrectomy/statistics & numerical data , Gastrectomy/methods , Gastrectomy/trends , Gastrectomy , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology , Survival Analysis , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Regression Analysis , Survivorship , Morbidity , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Life Expectancy , Quality of Life , Prognosis , Disease-Free Survival
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