ABSTRACT
Inflammation is the immune system's first biological response to infection, injury, or irritation. Evidence suggests that the anti-inflammatory effect is mediated by the regulation of various inflammatory cytokines, such as nitric oxide, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor alpha-α, interferon gamma-γ, as well as the non-cytokine mediator, prostaglandin E2. Currently, the mechanism of action and clinical usefulness of phytochemicals is known; their action on the activity of cytokines, free radicals, and oxidative stress. The latter are of great relevance in the development of diseases, such that the evidence collected demonstrates the beneficial effects of phytochemicals in maintaining health. Epidemiological evidence indicates that regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is related to a low risk of developing cancer and other chronic diseases.
ABSTRACT
The mobility of the human body depends on, among other things, muscle health, which can be affected by several situations, such as aging, increased oxidative stress, malnutrition, cancer, and the lack or excess of physical exercise, among others. Genetic, metabolic, hormonal, and nutritional factors are intricately involved in maintaining the balance that allows proper muscle function and fiber recovery; therefore, the breakdown of the balance among these elements can trigger muscle atrophy. The study from the nutrigenomic perspective of nutritional factors has drawn wide attention recently; one of these is the use of certain compounds derived from foods and plants known as phytochemicals, to which various biological activities have been described and attributed in terms of benefiting health in many respects. This work addresses the effect that the phytochemicals curcumin from Curcuma longa Linn and sulforaphane from Brassicaceae species have shown to exert on muscle function, recovery, and the prevention of muscle atrophy, and describes the impact on muscle health in general. In the same manner, there are future perspectives in research on novel compounds as potential agents in the prevention or treatment of medical conditions that affect muscle health.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) shows a variable incidence, from 1:15,000 to 1:117,000, without gender predominance. The incidence of gastrointestinal manifestations in these patients ranges from 20-60%, and these may be the first and only clinical manifestation of CVID, while other patients develop gastrointestinal complications during the course of it. In Mexico there is little information regarding the type and frequency of gastrointestinal disorders presented by adult patients with CVID. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal manifestations in adult patients with CVID. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study was made including patients with CVID attending Primary Immunodeficiency Clinic of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI, Mexico City. All patients underwent gastrointestinal symptoms questionnaire, laboratory, cabinet, endoscopy and breath test for bacterial overgrowth. RESULTS: We evaluated 17 patients, 8 men and 9 women with an average age of 36 years with a definitive diagnosis of CVID according to international criteria; 59% had abdominal pain, 53% abdominal distension; only 3 patients (17.6%) reported constipation; 47% had chronic diarrhea, of which only 2 (11.8%) had rectal pushing. The diagnoses of gastrointestinal manifestations of this population were: 18% chronic diarrhea, celiac disease and bacterial overgrowth, 24% gastrointestinal functional disorder, 12% constipation and 6% dyspepsia. One patient (6%) had no gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases in adult patients with common variable immunodeficiency was 94%. There was no gender predominance. It is therefore important that patients with CVID will conduct a study protocol that includes a complete medical history considering gastrointestinal symptoms and signs, in order to determine timely diagnosis and therapeutic approach.
Antecedentes: la incidencia de la inmunodeficiencia común variable (IDCV) es de 1 por cada 15,000 a 117,000 casos, sin predominio de género. La incidencia de manifestaciones gastrointestinales en estos pacientes es de 20 a 60% y pueden ser la primera y única manifestación clínica de IDCV. En México existe escasa información en relación con el tipo y frecuencia de alteraciones gastrointestinales que padecen los pacientes adultos con IDCV. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de alteraciones gastrointestinales en pacientes adultos con inmunodeficiencia común variable. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal en el que participaron pacientes con inmunodeficiencia común variable de la Clínica de Inmunodeficiencias del Servicio de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica del Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. A todos los pacientes se les aplicó un cuestionario de síntomas gastrointestinales y se les realizaron estudios de laboratorio, gabinete, endoscopia y prueba de aliento para determinar sobrepoblación bacteriana. Resultados: evaluamos 17 pacientes, 8 hombres y 9 mujeres, con edad promedio de 36 años y diagnóstico definitivo de inmunodeficiencia común variable de acuerdo con criterios internacionales. El 59% refirió dolor abdominal, 53% distensión abdominal y 17.6% estreñimiento. El 47% tenía diarrea crónica, en dos de ellos (11.8%) acompañada de pujo rectal. Las enfermedades gastrointestinales de esta población fueron: 18% diarrea crónica, enfermedad celiaca y sobrepoblación bacteriana, 24% trastorno funcional digestivo, 12% estreñimiento, 6% dispepsia. Sólo un paciente (6%) no tenía síntomas gastrointestinales. Conclusión: la prevalencia de las enfermedades gastrointestinales en pacientes adultos con inmunodeficiencia común variable fue de 94%, sin predominio de género. Debido a la frecuencia de manifestaciones gastrointestinales, es importante realizar protocolos de estudio al respecto para iniciar de manera temprana su diagnóstico y tratamiento.
