[Dietary patterns in menopausal women receiving outpatient care in Southern Brazil]. / Padrões alimentares de mulheres no climatério em atendimento ambulatorial no Sul do Brasil.

The scope of this paper is to identify dietary patterns and the relationship with menopausal status. It involved a cross-sectional study with 646 women in outpatient care in southern Brazil. Dietary intake was assessed by a frequency questionnaire and five dietary patterns were identified by main component analysis. The menopausal status was classified as premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Five dietary patterns were identified: fruit and vegetables; Brazilian fare (rice, beans and milk); snacks (cake, burgers, pizza and sweetbread); health diet (fish, fruit juice, bread and vegetable soup), and regional (typical food in the Serra Gaucha, like red meat, pasta and yams). After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, there was no significant association between menopausal status and dietary patterns. Only age, education and income were associated with dietary patterns. Five dietary patterns that described the food consumption of the population studied were identified, which are similar to those indicated as ideal for the Brazilian population. The findings reveal that the dietary pattern of women in menopause are significantly influenced by age, education and income but are not influenced by the menopausal status per se.

Padrões alimentares de mulheres no climatério em atendimento ambulatorial no Sul do Brasil / Dietary patterns in menopausal women receiving outpatient care in Southern Brazil

Objetivo: Identificar os padrões alimentares e sua relação com o estado menopáusico. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 646 mulheres em atendimento ambulatorial no Sul do Brasil. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por questionário de frequência e cinco padrões alimentares foram identificados através da análise de componentes principais. O estado menopáusico foi classificado em pré-menopausa, perimenopausa e pós-menopausa. Resultados: Identificaram-se cinco padrões alimentares: frutas e verduras, brasileiro (arroz, feijão e leite), lanches (bolo, xis, pizza, cuca), prudente (peixe, suco natural, pão integral e sopa de legumes) e regional (alimentos típicos na serra gaúcha como carnes vermelhas, aipim e massas). Após ajuste para características sociodemográficas, não verificou-se associação significativa entre o estado menopáusico e os padrões alimentares. Apenas idade, escolaridade e renda mostraram-se associadas com padrões alimentares. Conclusão: Foram identificados cinco padrões alimentares que descreveram o consumo alimentar da população estudada, sendo estes semelhantes ao indicado como ideal para a população brasileira. Nossos achados indicam que o padrão alimentar das mulheres no climatério possui influência significativa da idade, escolaridade e renda e que não sofre influência do estado menopáusico. .

The scope of this paper is to identify dietary patterns and the relationship with menopausal status. It involved a cross-sectional study with 646 women in outpatient care in southern Brazil. Dietary intake was assessed by a frequency questionnaire and five dietary patterns were identified by main component analysis. The menopausal status was classified as premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Five dietary patterns were identified: fruit and vegetables; Brazilian fare (rice, beans and milk); snacks (cake, burgers, pizza and sweetbread); health diet (fish, fruit juice, bread and vegetable soup), and regional (typical food in the Serra Gaucha, like red meat, pasta and yams). After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, there was no significant association between menopausal status and dietary patterns. Only age, education and income were associated with dietary patterns. Five dietary patterns that described the food consumption of the population studied were identified, which are similar to those indicated as ideal for the Brazilian population. The findings reveal that the dietary pattern of women in menopause are significantly influenced by age, education and income but are not influenced by the menopausal status per se.

[Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the menopausal transition: a systematic review]. / Prevalência de síndrome metabólica e seus componentes na transição menopáusica: uma revisão sistemática.

Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder involving a combination of cardiovascular risk factors. Menopausal transition can be a key factor in the increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The current study aims to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the menopausal transition, using a systematic review. Three reviewers conducted an article search in PubMed. The articles' quality was evaluated according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). Based on the selected studies, prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases in the post-menopausal (as compared to pre-menopausal) period, regardless of the population and study design. The change was more significant for waist circumference and blood pressure, suggesting that these components have the greatest influence on prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

Prevalência de síndrome metabólica e seus componentes na transição menopáusica: uma revisão sistemática / Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the menopausal transition: a systematic review

A síndrome metabólica é um transtorno complexo, caracterizado por um agrupamento de fatores de risco cardiovascular. Sugere-se que a fase da transição menopáusica possa ser um determinante importante no aumento da prevalência da síndrome metabólica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, a prevalência de síndrome metabólica e dos seus componentes na transição menopáusica. Três revisores fizeram a busca dos artigos na base de dados do PubMed. A qualidade dos artigos foi avaliada usando-se o Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). Com base nos estudos analisados, a prevalência de síndrome metabólica aumenta na comparação do período da pré para a pós-menopausa, independentemente da população e do delineamento do estudo. Quanto aos componentes, a alteração foi mais expressiva nas medidas de circunferência da cintura e pressão arterial. Sugere-se que esses componentes sejam os que exercem maior influência na prevalência de síndrome metabólica.

Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder involving a combination of cardiovascular risk factors. Menopausal transition can be a key factor in the increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The current study aims to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the menopausal transition, using a systematic review. Three reviewers conducted an article search in PubMed. The articles' quality was evaluated according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). Based on the selected studies, prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases in the post-menopausal (as compared to pre-menopausal) period, regardless of the population and study design. The change was more significant for waist circumference and blood pressure, suggesting that these components have the greatest influence on prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

Reproductive characteristics and obesity in middle-aged women seen at an outpatient clinic in southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between reproductive events and abdominal obesity (waist circumference, ≥ 88 cm) and general obesity (body mass index, ≥ 30.0 kg/m) in a sample of women between the ages of 40 and 65 years treated at an outpatient clinic in southern Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of a sample of 617 women from southern Brazil. Menopause status was classified as premenopausal, women who had regular menstrual cycles; perimenopausal, women who had irregular menstrual cycles whether in periodicity or flow; or postmenopausal, women whose last menstrual period occurred more than 12 months before the time of interview. Poisson regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective 95% CIs. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of abdominal and general obesity were 66.6% (95% CI, 62.8%-70.3%) and 45.5% (95% CI, 41.5%-9.4%), respectively. After adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables, early menarche (≤ 11 y) and parity were strong predictors of abdominal and general obesity, presenting a dose-response relationship. Women with a history of three or more pregnancies and menarche at age 11 years or earlier had a 25% higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (95% CI, 1.07-1.46) and a 75% increase in obesity (95% CI, 1.37-2.24) compared with nulliparous or primiparous women with menarche at 14 years or older. Women with a postmenopause status showed an increase of 52% in general obesity, compared with those with a premenopause status. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics of reproductive life may have a strong influence on body fat buildup in women during the menopausal transition.