Exclusion, Violence and the Body: The Case of a Young Man with Disability due to Gunshot Wound.

The present text presents partial results of the research "Young people with disability due to gunshot wounds: an exploratory study from the Memorialistic Narratives", which aimed to problematize the effects of violence and criminality in the juvenile sphere by investigating, beyond the increase in mortality and incarceration rates, the transformation of these young people into people with disabilities, specifically, people in wheelchairs. To achieve this goal, we used as a method the Memorialistic Narratives and worked on the categories of exclusion, violence and a body marked by trauma. We will reflect on the case of Guilherme, a poor, marginalized young man with a disability and a wheelchair user due to a gunshot wound. The choice for his case relates to the different forms that violence can assume, influencing lives and leaving marks, besides, we believe that his life story can contribute to qualifying psychology's look at young people in contexts of violence.

Effects of topical ketorolac tromethamine on tear parameters, meibography, goblet cell density, and conjunctival oxidative stress in healthy dogs.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to evaluate whether a twice-daily instillation of 0.45% preservative-free ketorolac tromethamine (FKT) or 0.4% benzalkonium chloride-preserved ketorolac tromethamine (BACKT), every 12 h for 30 days may affect tear film parameters and the meibography in healthy dogs. Additionally, we assessed whether the same treatments irritated the ocular surface, affected goblet cell density (GCD), and the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (OSB) in the conjunctiva of the same dogs. PROCEDURES: Experimental and masked comparison study. In 11 healthy dogs baseline values of the lipid layer thickness, tear meniscus height, non-invasive tear breakup time (NI-TFBT), and the meibomian gland (MG) loss were assessed by OSAvet®. For each dog, one eye received 40 µL of BACKT, while the other received 40 µL FKT, every 12 h for 30 consecutive days. Tear parameters and meibography were repeated 15, 30, and 60 days post-treatments. Conjunctival hyperemia and blepharospasm were monitored at the same time points. At baseline and Day 30, a conjunctival biopsy was collected for GCD and OSB determination. RESULTS: Conjunctival hyperemia and blepharospasm were not observed. At Day 15, the MG loss increased only in FKT-treated eyes (p < .001). On Day 30, both treatment groups showed increased MG loss, shortened NI-TFBT, and reduced GCD and catalase (p < .05). At Day 30, BACKT-treated eyes showed lower levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p = .006) and higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = .02). Differences between treatments were not observed for any parameter at any time point (p > .05). 60 days after treatment, OSAvet® parameters tended to return to values assessed at baseline; however, significant differences remained for MG loss (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Twice-daily instillation of KT, containing or not BAC, for 30 consecutive days shortened NI-TFBT, decreased GCD, and increased the MG loss in healthy dogs. KT should be used with caution when prescribed for long periods, particularly in patients with tear film abnormalities. However, future controlled studies using KT, BAC, and other topical NSAIDs are indicated to further support this finding.

Topical formulations containing Trichilia catigua extract as therapeutic options for a genital and an acyclovir-resistant strain of herpes recurrent infection.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) infect, respectively, 67% and 13% of the world population, most commonly causing mild symptoms, such as blisters/ulcers. However, severe conditions such as keratitis, encephalitis, and systemic infections may occur, generally associated with the patient's immunological condition. Although Acyclovir® (ACV) and its analogs are the reference drugs for herpetic infections, the number of ACV-resistant HSV infections is growing exponentially. Therefore, new natural products' bioactive compounds have been studied to develop novel effective anti-herpetics. Trichilia catigua is a plant widely used in traditional medicine, including the treatment of skin diseases and sexual infections. In our study, 16 extracts from the bark of T. catigua, obtained with different solvents and their combinations, were evaluated against HSV-1 AR and HSV-2, respectively, ACV resistance and genital strains in vitro. The extracts with the highest selectivity index were used to prepare new topical anti-herpetic formulations and confirmed in vivo. Two new topical formulations were suggested to treat cutaneous and genital herpetic recurrent lesions. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity were tested using the MTT method. The cytotoxic (CC50) and inhibitory (IC50) concentrations of 50% and the selectivity index (SI: CC50/IC50) were determined. Tc12, Tc13, and Tc16 were added to the formulations. Infected BALB/c mice were treated for 8 days, and the severity of the herpetic lesions was analyzed daily. All CEs showed a CC50 value ranging from 143 to 400 µg/mL, except for Tc3 and Tc10. Tc12, Tc13, and Tc16 showed the best SI in the 0 h, virucidal, and adsorption inhibition assays. In the in vivo test against HSV-1 AR, the infected animals treated with creams were statistically different from the infected non-treated animals and similar to ACV-treated mice. In HSV-2-infected genitalia, similar effects were found for Tc13 and Tc16 gels. The present study demonstrated that extracts from the bark of T. catigua, traditionally used in folk medicine, are a valuable source of active compounds with anti-herpetic activity. The extracts showed a virucidal mechanism of action and prevented the initial stages of viral replication. The cutaneous and genital infections were strongly inhibited by the Tc12, Tc13, and Tc16 extracts. New topical therapeutic alternatives using Trichilia catigua extracts are suggested for patients infected with ACV-resistant strains of HSV.

Pensando os efeitos subjetivos das medidas socioeducativas: indiferença, crítica e ressignificação / Thinking about the subjective effects of socio-educational measures: indifference, criticism and re-meaning / Pensando en los efectos subjetivos de las medidas socioeducativas: indiferencia, crítica y re-significado

Mais de três décadas do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente mostram importantes princípios éticos norteadores de políticas públicas e apontam desafios que abrem novos horizontes de reflexão e aperfeiçoamento. Este trabalho apresenta resultados parciais de uma pesquisa transdisciplinar e tem como objetivo analisar os possíveis efeitos subjetivos do atendimento socioeducativo a adolescentes autores de ato infracional. Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental, a partir de 373 PIAs e, posteriormente, foram localizados 14 desses adolescentes, que compartilharam conosco suas histórias de vida, a partir do método das narrativas memorialísticas, e responderam a um questionário acerca de suas trajetórias. Como resultado, encontramos indiferença, crítica e ressignificação como possíveis efeitos subjetivos das medidas socioeducativas. Concluímos que a trajetória infracional é sobredeterminada, demonstrando que a abertura a elementos contingentes na oferta do serviço socioeducativo pode ter ressonâncias emancipatórias

More than three decades of the Child and Adolescent Statute show important ethical principles guiding public policies and point out challenges that open new horizons for reflection and improvement. This work presents partial results of a transdisciplinary research and aims to analyze the possible subjective effects of socio-educational assistance to adolescents who have committed an infraction. A documentary research was carried out, from 373 PIAs and, subse-quently, 14 of these adolescents were found, who shared their life stories with us, using the Memorialistic Narratives method, and answered a questionnaire about their trajectories. As a result, we find indifference, criticism and reframing as possible subjective effects of socio-educational measures. We conclude that the infraction trajectory is overdetermined, demonstrating that the opening to contingent elements in the provision of the socio-educational service can have emancipatory resonances

Más de tres décadas del Estatuto de la Niñez y la Adolescencia muestran importantes principios éticos que orientan las políticas públicas y señalan desafíos que abren nuevos horizontes para la reflexión y la superación. Este trabajo presenta resultados parciales de una investigación transdisciplinaria y tiene como objetivo analizar los posibles efectos subjetivos de la asistencia socioeducativa a adolescentes autores de una infracción. Se realizó una investigación documental, a partir de 373 PIA y, posteriormente, se encontraron 14 de estos adolescentes, quienes compartieron con nosotros sus historias de vida, utilizando el método de Narrativas Memorialistas, y respondieron un cuestionario sobre sus trayectorias Como resultado, encontramos la indiferencia, la crítica y el replanteamiento como posibles efectos subjetivos de las medidas socioeducativas. Concluimos que la trayectoria de la infracción está sobredeterminada, demostrando que la apertura a elementos contingentes en la prestación del servicio socioeducativo puede tener resonancias emancipatorias

Theileria terrestris nov. sp.: A Novel Theileria in Lowland Tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) from Two Different Biomes in Brazil.

The low-land tapir (Tapirus terrestris) is the largest wild terrestrial mammal found in Brazil. Although T. terrestris has been already reported as a host of hemoparasites, the occurrence and genetic identity of Piroplasmida agents in this species is still cloudy. Although it is reported that Theileria equi, an endemic equid-infective agent in Brazil, is occurring in lowland tapirs, these reports are probably misconceived diagnoses since they are solely based on small fragments of 18S rRNA that may not achieve accurate topologies on phylogenetic analyses. The present study aimed to detect and investigate the identity of Theileria spp. in tapirs from Pantanal and Cerrado biomes. Blood-DNA samples from tapirs were screened for a partial (~800 bp) 18S rRNA gene fragment from Piroplasmida and 64 (64/122; 52.46% CI: 43.66-61.11%) presented bands of expected size. Samples were submitted to different protocols for molecular characterization, including near-full length 18S rRNA gene (~1500 bp), and the ema-1 gene from T. equi. Eight sequences were obtained for extended fragments (1182-1473 bp) from the 18S rRNA gene. Moreover, three sequences from partial cox-1 and five from partial hsp70 gene were obtained. None of the samples presented amplifications for the ema-1 gene. Phylogenetic and distance analyses from the 18S rRNA sequences obtained demonstrated a clear separation from tapirs' Theileria spp. and T. equi. Phylogenetic analyses of cox-1 and hsp70 sequences obtained herein also showed a unique clade formed by tapir's Theileria spp. Theileria terrestris sp. nov. is positioned apart from all other Theileria species in 18S rRNA, cox-1, and hps70 phylogenetic analyses. This novel proposed species represents a new Piroplasmida clade, yet to be characterized regarding biological features, vectors involved in the transmission cycles, additional vertebrate hosts, and pathogenicity.

Sulfonated (1 → 6)-ß-d-Glucan (Lasiodiplodan): A Promising Candidate against the Acyclovir-Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Strain.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a persistent human pathogen, and the emergence of strains resistant to Acyclovir (ACV, reference drug) shows the urgency to develop new treatments. We report the antiherpetic mechanism of the action of lasiodiplodan (LAS-N, (1 → 6)-ß-d-glucan) and its sulfonated derivative (LAS-S3) in vitro and in vivo. LAS-S3 showed anti-HSV-1 action with high selectivity indices for HSV-1 KOS (88.1) and AR (189.2), sensitive and resistant to ACV, respectively. LAS-S3 inhibited >80% of HSV-1 infection in different treatment protocols (virucidal, adsorption inhibition, and post-adsorption effects), even at low doses, and showed a preventive effect and DNA and protein synthesis inhibition. The antiherpetic effect was confirmed in vivo by the cosmetic LAS-S3-CRÈME decreasing cutaneous lesions of HSV-1, including the AR strain. LAS-S3 possessed a broad-spectrum mechanism of action acting in the early and post-adsorption stages of HSV-1 infection, and LAS-S3-CRÈME is a potential antiherpetic candidate for patients infected by HSV-1-resistant strains.

Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Strategically Combined With Origanum vulgare Derivatives: Antibacterial Mechanism of Action and Effect on Multidrug-Resistant Strains.

Multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a public health problem worldwide, reducing treatment options against several pathogens. If we do not act against this problem, it is estimated that by 2050 superbugs will kill more people than the current COVID-19 pandemic. Among solutions to combat antibacterial resistance, there is increasing demand for new antimicrobials. The antibacterial activity of binary combinations containing bioAgNP (biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles using Fusarium oxysporum), oregano essential oil (OEO), carvacrol (Car), and thymol (Thy) was evaluated: OEO plus bioAgNP, Car plus bioAgNP, Thy plus bioAgNP, and Car plus Thy. This study shows that the mechanism of action of Thy, bioAgNP, and Thy plus bioAgNP involves damaging the membrane and cell wall (surface blebbing and disruption seen with an electron microscope), causing cytoplasmic molecule leakage (ATP, DNA, RNA, and total proteins) and oxidative stress by enhancing intracellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation; a similar mechanism happens for OEO and Car, except for oxidative stress. The combination containing bioAgNP and oregano derivatives, especially thymol, shows strategic antibacterial mechanism; thymol disturbs the selective permeability of the cell membrane and consequently facilitates access of the nanoparticles to bacterial cytoplasm. BioAgNP-treated Escherichia coli developed resistance to nanosilver after 12 days of daily exposition. The combination of Thy and bioAgNP prevented the emergence of resistance to both antimicrobials; therefore, mixture of antimicrobials is a strategy to extend their life. For antimicrobials alone, minimal bactericidal concentration ranges were 0.3-2.38 mg/ml (OEO), 0.31-1.22 mg/ml (Car), 0.25-1 mg/ml (Thy), and 15.75-31.5 µg/ml (bioAgNP). The time-kill assays showed that the oregano derivatives acted very fast (at least 10 s), while the bioAgNP took at least 30 min to kill Gram-negative bacteria and 7 h to kill methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). All the combinations resulted in additive antibacterial effect, reducing significantly minimal inhibitory concentration and acting faster than the bioAgNP alone; they also showed no cytotoxicity. This study describes for the first time the effect of Car and Thy combined with bioAgNP (produced with F. oxysporum components) against bacteria for which efficient antimicrobials are urgently needed, such as carbapenem-resistant strains (E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and MRSA.

Trajetórias adolescentes e infração: José, entre a morte e a aposta / Adolescent trajectories and infraction: José between death and the wager / Trayectorias e infracciones de adolescentes: José, entre la muerte y la apuesta

Frente às elevadas taxas de mortalidade e encarceramento de jovens brasileiros negros, pobres e moradores de periferia, apresenta-se pesquisa transdisciplinar que buscou qualificar os eventos, transições e rupturas que marcam suas trajetórias, analisando o ciclo de vida para desvelar seus nexos, movimentos e fatores de risco. Para tanto, partimos do levantamento de Planos Individuais de Atendimento (PIA) de adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa para, posteriormente, efetuar uma busca ativa por esses sujeitos, a fim de aplicar um questionário e convidá-los a contarem suas histórias de vida por meio da metodologia de Narrativas Memorialísticas. A partir da análise de um caso que revela o potencial universal de cada vida singular, foram analisados quatro eixos identificados a partir do próprio discurso do jovem, a saber: a violência do Estado, a adolescência, a mortalidade e a aposta. Em contraposição à precariedade e à ausência de amparo a que algumas vidas são lançadas, desvelando a morte, uma aposta decidida, traduzida pela oferta de algum enlaçamento, parece convocar a construção de saídas possíveis.(AU)

Considering the high rates of mortality and incarceration among young black Brazilians, the poor, and the periphery residents, we present this transdisciplinary research that sought to qualify the events, transitions, and ruptures that mark their trajectories, analysing their life cycle to unveil its links, movements, and risk factors. We started with the survey of Planos Individuais de Atendimento (Individual Care Plans - PIA) of adolescents in compliance with a socio-educational measure, and later with an active search for these subjects, to apply a questionnaire and invite them to tell their life stories by using the methodology of Narrative Memoir. From a case analysis, which reveals the universal potential of each singular life, we analyzed four axes identified from the young man's own discourse, namely: State violence, adolescence, mortality, and wager. In contrast to the precariousness and the lack of support in their lives, risking death, a determined wager, in the form of an unsavory cooperation, may create possible way outs.(AU)

Ante las altas tasas de mortalidad y encarcelamiento de jóvenes negros brasileños, pobres y residentes en la periferia, se presenta una investigación transdisciplinaria que busca calificar los eventos, transiciones y rupturas que marcan sus trayectorias, analizando el ciclo de vida, desvelando sus vínculos, movimientos y factores de riesgo. Para ello, se partió de la encuesta de Planos Individuais de Atendimento ("Planes de Atención Individualizados") de adolescentes en cumplimiento de medida socioeducativa para luego realizar una búsqueda activa de estos temas con el fin de aplicarles un cuestionario e invitarlos a contar sus historias de vida utilizando la metodología de Narrativas Memorialistas. A partir del análisis de caso, que revela el potencial universal de cada vida singular, se analizaron cuatro ejes identificados a partir del propio discurso del joven: la violencia del Estado, la adolescencia, la mortalidad y la apuesta. En contraste con la precariedad y la falta de apoyo a la que se arrojan algunas vidas, desvelando la muerte, una apuesta decidida, traducida en el ofrecimiento de algún vínculo, parece llamar a la construcción de posibles salidas.(AU)

Covid-19 e ciência pós-normal: reflexões epistemológicas e políticas / Covid-19 and post-normal science: epistemological and political reflections / Covid-19 y la ciencia posnormal: reflexiones epistemológicas y políticas

Diante do inusitado da pandemia de Covid-19 nos deparamos com um intenso entrecruzamento entre aspectos estritamente científicos e aspectos sociais e políticos. Nesse sentido, este ensaio teórico pretende refletir sobre os limites do conceito de ciência normal, apresentar a ideia de ciência pós-normal e, assim, defender a articulação intrínseca entre ciência, política e comunidade como possibilidade de posicionamento diante dos desafios da Covid-19. Na primeira parte do texto focamos o ideal controverso de ciência e de sua continuidade com a técnica e na segunda parte fazemos algumas referências a suas implicações políticas a partir da suposição de que as ideias de ciência pós-normal e de transdisciplinaridade contribuem para a superação da separação entre decisão e participação política e argumentação racional e científica.

With the unusual Covid-19 pandemic, we are facing an intense intersection between strictly scientific, social and political aspects. In this sense, this theoretical essay aims to reflect on the limits of the concept of normal science, to present the idea of post-normal science and, thus, to defend the intrinsic articulation between science, politics and the community as a possibility of positioning in the face of the challenges of Covid-19. In the first part of the text we focus on the controversial ideal of science and its continuity with technique and in the second part we make some references to its political implications based on the assumption that the ideas of post-normal science and transdisciplinary knowledge contribute to overcome the separation between political decision and participation and rational and scientific argumentation.

Frente a lo inusual de la pandemia de Covid-19, nos enfrentamos a una intensa intersección entre aspectos estrictamente científicos, sociales y políticos. En este sentido, este ensayo teórico tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre los límites del concepto de ciencia normal, presentar la idea de la ciencia posnormal y, por lo tanto, defender la articulación intrínseca entre la ciencia, la política y la comunidad como una posibilidad de posicionamiento frente a los desafíos de Covid-19. En la primera parte del texto nos enfocamos en el controvertido ideal de la ciencia y su continuidad con la técnica y en la segunda parte hacemos algunas referencias a sus implicaciones políticas basadas en el supuesto de que las ideas de la ciencia y la transdisciplinariedad posnormal contribuyen a superar el separación entre decisión política y participación y argumentación racional y científica.

Viral infections and their relationship to neurological disorders.

The chronic dysfunction of neuronal cells, both central and peripheral, a characteristic of neurological disorders, may be caused by irreversible damage and cell death. In 2016, more than 276 million cases of neurological disorders were reported worldwide. Moreover, neurological disorders are the second leading cause of death. Generally, the etiology of neurological diseases is not fully understood. Recent studies have related the onset of neurological disorders to viral infections, which may cause neurological symptoms or lead to immune responses that trigger these pathological signs. Currently, this relationship is mostly based on epidemiological data on infections and seroprevalence of patients who present with neurological disorders. The number of studies aiming to elucidate the mechanism of action by which viral infections may directly or indirectly contribute to the development of neurological disorders has been increasing over the years but these studies are still scarce. Comprehending the pathogenesis of these diseases and exploring novel theories may favor the development of new strategies for diagnosis and therapy in the future. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to review the main pieces of evidence for the relationship between viral infection and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. Viruses belonging to the families Herpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Flaviviridae, and Retroviridae have been reported to be involved in one or more of these conditions. Also, neurological symptoms and the future impact of infection with SARS-CoV-2, a member of the family Coronaviridae that is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that started in late 2019, are reported and discussed.

Pandemia, corpo, virtualidades: reflexões psicanalíticas / Pandemia, cuerpo, virtualidades: reflexiones psicoanalíticas / Pandemic, body, virtualities: psychoanalytic reflections / Pandémie, corps, virtualités: réflexions psychanalytiques

A sociedade sofre os impactos da experiência pandêmica que deixa seus rastros nos objetos, nas superfícies e nos corpos. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de tecer reflexões especulativas acerca do momento atual de pandemia do novo coronavírus e a necessidade de se manter o distanciamento social, com medidas mais ou menos rígidas de quarentena. Para tanto, teremos como chaves de leitura principais a saída para o mundo virtual, quando o mundo real se encontra interditado, e a dimensão corporal, afetada pela possibilidade do contágio e pelo isolamento. Nossa intenção não é esgotar o assunto, ou apresentar respostas, mas construir um olhar para o atual cenário de pandemia que traga a potência psicanalítica de singularizar o sujeito sem abrir mão de seu contexto sócio-histórico

La sociedad sufre impactos de la experiencia pandémica que deja sus rastros enlos objetos, en las superficies y en los cuerpos. El objetivo de este trabajo es tejer reflexiones especulativas sobre el momento pandémico actual del nuevo coronavirus y la necesidad de mantener la distancia social, con medidas de cuarentena más o menos rígidas. Para eso, tendremos como claves de lectura principales la salida al mundo virtual, cuando el mundo real está cerrado, y la dimensión corporal, afectada por la posibilidad de contagio y aislamiento. Nuestra intención no es agotar el tema, ni dar respuestas, sino construir una mirada al escenario pandémico actual que aporta el poder psicoanalítico para singularizar al sujeto sin renunciar a su contexto socio-histórico

Society suffers the impacts of the pandemic experience, which leaves its traces on objects, surfaces and bodies. The goal of this paper is to weave speculative reflections about the current pandemic moment of the new coronavirus and the need to maintain social distance, with more or less rigid quarantine measures. For that, we will have as main reading keys the exit to the virtual world, when the real world is closed, and the corporal dimension, affected by the possibility of contagion and isolation. Our intention is not to exhaust the subject, or to provide answers, but to build a look at the current pandemic scenario that brings the psychoanalytic power to singularize the subject without giving up its socio-historical context

La société subit les impacts de l'expérience pandémique, celle-ci laissant ses marques sur les objets, les surfaces et les corps. Le but de ce travail est de tisser des réflexions spéculatives sur le moment pandémique actuel du nouveau coronavirus et la nécessité de maintenir la distance sociale, avec des mesures de quarantaine plus ou moins rigides. Pour cela,nous aurons comme principales clés de lecture la sortie vers le monde virtuel, lorsque le monde réel est fermé, et la dimension corporelle, affectée par la possibilité de contagion et d'isolement. Notre intention n'est pas d'épuiser le sujet, ou d'apporter des réponses, mais de construire un regard sur le scénario pandémique actuel qui amène le pouvoir psychanalytique à singulariser le sujet sans renoncer à son contexte socio-historique

Reflexões sobre a disciplina de história da psicologia no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul / Reflections on History of Psychology's course in Mato Grosso do Sul / Reflexiones acerca de la asignatura de Historia de la Psicología en Mato Grosso do Sul

Este artigo objetivou analisar a organização do ensino da disciplina de História da Psicologia, baseando-nos em cursos de graduação em Psicologia, no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Inicialmente, inventariaram-se as instituições que possuem cursos de Psicologia, acessando os seus sites e aplicando questionários aos seus coordenadores. Em seguida, organizaram-se algumas características gerais dos cursos e das instituições anuentes. Posteriormente, discutiu-se como o ensino da História da Psicologia auxilia na formação de estudantes, introduzindo-os ao estudo da Psicologia e às suas contendas científicas e profissionais. Ele contribui, com críticas, ao que se empreende no presente, embora apresente dificuldades de proporcionar algo introdutório mesclado a reflexões avançadas em uma disciplina. Por fim, observou-se que ele pode ser alocado e articulado com outras disciplinas, fazendo interface com os domínios da Ontologia, Epistemologia, Lógica e Ética.

This article aimed to analyze the History of Psychology subject teaching organization, based on the Psychology undergraduate courses in Mato Grosso do Sul. Initially, institutions with Psychology courses were inventoried; their websites were accessed and surveys were applied to their coordinators. Ten, some general characteristics of these courses and institutions were organized. Afterwards, it was discussed how the teaching of History of Psychology helps the students training, introducing them to Psychology and its scientific and professional strife. It also contributes with criticism on what have been done in the present, although it has some boundaries providing introductory issues mixed to advanced reflections on Psychology. Finally, it was observed that this teaching could be placed and articulated with other subjects, interfacing with Ontology, Epistemology, Logics and Ethics domains.

Este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar la organización de la enseñanza de la asignatura de Historia de la Psicología, basándose en cursos de grado en Psicología, en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Al principio, se inventariaron las instituciones que poseen cursos de Psicología, accediendo a sus sitios web y aplicando cuestionarios a sus coordinadores. A continuación, se organizaron algunas características generales de los cursos y de las instituciones anuentes. Después, se discutió cómo la enseñanza de la Historia de la Psicología auxilia en la formación de estudiantes, introduciéndolos al estudio de la Psicología y a sus contiendas profesionales y científicas; contribuye, con críticas, a lo que se emprende en el presente; presenta dificultades de proporcionar algo introductorio y múltiple, mezclado con reflexiones avanzadas en una disciplina; puede ser asignado y articulado con otras disciplinas; puede hacer interfaz con los dominios de la Ontología, Epistemología, Lógica y Ética.

A trajetória infracional de Cecilia: um estudo de caso na perspectiva psicanalítica / Cecilia's infraction trajectory: a case study from a psychoanalytic perspective / Trayectoria delincuente de Cecilia: estudio de caso desde una perspectiva psicoanalítica

Resumen (analítico) Diante da escassez de trabalhos que tratam do envolvimento de meninas e mulheres com o crime, objetivamos a apresentação de um estudo de caso de delinquência feminina, extraído dos resultados parciais da pesquisa «Curso de vida e trajetória delinquencial: um estudo exploratório dos eventos e narrativas de jovens em situação de vulnerabilidade¼. Utilizaremos a perspectiva teórica da psicanálise a fim de analisar o Plano Individual de Atendimento, a entrevista semiestruturada e a Narrativa Memorialística de uma jovem que denominamos Cecilia, em homenagem à poetisa brasileira Cecilia Meireles. Trata-se de uma mulher parda, que foi abusada sexualmente na infância, se tornou mãe na adolescência e teve seus parceiros mortos pelo envolvimento com o crime. Enredada também na criminalidade, ela busca refúgio e orientação em uma religião afro.

Abstract (analytical) In view of the scarcity of works that deal with the involvement of girls and women with crime, we aim to present a case study of female delinquency, extracted from the partial results of the research «Life course and delinquent trajectory: an exploratory study of events and narratives of vulnerable young people¼. We will use the theoretical perspective of psychoanalysis in order to analyze the Individual Service Plan, the semi-structured interview and the Narrative Memoir of a young woman we call Cecilia, in honor of the Brazilian poet Cecilia Meireles. It is a brown woman who was sexually abused in childhood, became a mother in adolescence and had her partners killed for involvement in crime. Also entangled in criminality, she seeks refuge and guidance in an Afro religion.

Resumo (analítico) En vista de la escasez de trabajos que aborden la participación de niñas y mujeres en el crimen, nuestro objetivo es presentar un estudio de caso de delincuencia femenina, extraído de los resultados parciales de la investigación «Curso de vida y trayectoria delincuente: un estudio exploratorio de eventos y narrativas de jóvenes vulnerables¼. Usaremos la perspectiva teórica del psicoanálisis para analizar el Plan de Servicio Individual, la entrevista semiestructurada y la narrativa memorialista de una joven que llamamos Cecilia, en honor a la poeta brasileña Cecilia Meireles. Es una mujer morena que sufrió abusos sexuales en la infancia, se convirtió en madre en la adolescencia y asesinó a sus parejas por participar en delitos. También enredada en la criminalidad, busca refugio y orientación en una religión afro.

Maxillary suture expansion: A mouse model to explore the molecular effects of mechanically-induced bone remodeling.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on hard tissues. Opening loops bonded to the first and second maxillary molars on both sides were used to apply distracting forces of 0.28 N, 0.42 N and 0.56 N at the midpalatal suture for 7 and 14 days. Microcomputed tomography (MicroCT), histomorphometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis were performed to evaluate RME effectiveness, midpalatal suture remodeling, cell counting of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and chondrocytes and the expression of bone remodeling markers, respectively. All forces at the two different time points resulted in similar RME and enhanced of bone remodeling. Accordingly, increased number of osteoblasts and reduced chondrocytes counting and no difference in osteoclasts were seen after all RME protocols. RME yielded increased expression of bone remodeling markers as osteocalcin (Ocn), dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein-1 (Dmp1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), collagen type I Alpha 1 (Col1a1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (Rankl), osteoprotegerin (Opg), cathepsin K (Ctsk), matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 13 (Mmp9 and 13), transforming growth fator beta 1, 2 and 3 (Tgfb 1, Tgfb 2 and Tgfb3), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp-2), sclerostin (Sost), beta-catenin-like protein 1 (Ctnnbl) and Wnt signaling pathways 3, 3a and 5a (Wnt 3, Wnt 3a and Wnt 5a). These findings characterize the cellular changes and potential molecular pathways involved in RME, proving the reliability of this protocol as a model for mechanical-induced bone remodeling.

A Culpa na Política Brasileira Atual: O que nos Ensinam Freud e Hannah Arendt? / Guilt in Current Brazilian Politics: What do Freud and Hannah Arendt Teach us? / La Culpa en la Política Brasileña Actual: ¿Qué nos Enseñan Freud y Hannah Arendt?

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar reflexões sobre possíveis aproximações entre psicanálise e política a partir das considerações teóricas de Freud e Hannah Arendt e entender como essas nos auxiliam na compreensão do cenário político brasileiro atual. Elegemos como chave de leitura a noção de sentimento de culpa em Freud e a concepção arendtiana de política como espaço da diferença e da liberdade. Desenvolvemos assim, um percurso reflexivo partindo das postulações freudianas sobre a organização social, o que nos possibilitou estabelecer uma relação entre culpa e laço social. Em seguida, nos debruçamos sobre a concepção política em Hannah Arendt, buscando avançar no entendimento do espaço político como lugar de tensão de forças entre individual e plural, entre o exercício da liberdade e a tentativa de supressão dessa. Por fim, nos dedicamos a pensar sobre o lugar da culpa na atualidade da política brasileira, levando em consideração os movimentos de polarização e ascensão de discursos de ódio. Dessa forma, localizamos na interface entre política e psicanálise a questão da culpa como elemento fundamental para a compreensão da formação dos laços sociais e para o avanço das análises dos movimentos de destituição simbólica do poder no cenário político atual. (AU)

This work aims to reflect on possible approaches between psychoanalysis and politics from the theoretical considerations of Freud and Hannah Arendt and to understand how these ones help us to understand the current Brazilian political scenario. We choose, as reading key, the notion of guilt in Freud and the arendtian conception of politics as a space of difference and freedom. Thus, we developed a reflective course from Freudian postulates about social organization, which enabled us to establish a relationship between guilt and social bonds. Afterwards, we focused on the political conception in Arendt to advance in the understanding of the political space as a place of tension of forces between individual and plural, between the exercise of freedom and the attempt to suppress it. Finally, we thought about the place of guilt in the current Brazilian politics, considering the polarization and the rise of discourses of hate. In this way, we localized, in the interface between politics and psychoanalysis, the question of guilt as a fundamental element for the understanding of the formation of social bonds and for the advancement of the analysis of the movements of symbolic destitution of power in the current political scenario. (AU)

Este trabajo presenta reflexiones sobre aproximaciones entre psicoanálisis y política partiendo de las consideraciones teóricas de Freud y Hannah Arendt y reflete cómo éstas nos auxilian a comprender el escenario político brasileño actual. Elegimos como clave de lectura la noción de sentimiento de culpa en Freud y la concepción arendtiana de política como espacio de la diferencia y libertad. Desarrollamos un curso reflexivo partiendo de las postulaciones freudianas sobre organización social, lo que nos posibilitó establecer una relación entre culpa y lazo social. Después, nos ocupamos de la concepción política en Arendt, buscando avanzar en el entendimiento del espacio político como lugar de tensión de fuerzas entre individual y plural, entre el ejercicio de la libertad y el intento de supresión de ésta. Finalmente, nos dedicamos a pensar sobre el lugar de la culpa en la actualidad política brasileña, teniendo en cuenta la polarización y el ascenso de discursos de odio. De esta forma, localizamos en la interfaz entre política y psicoanálisis la cuestión de la culpa como elemento fundamental para comprender la formación de los lazos sociales y para el avance de los análisis de los movimientos de destitución simbólica del poder en el escenario político actual. (AU)

Vicissitudes das adolescências na semiliberdade: da fragilização dos laços à busca de si / Vicisitudes de las adolescencias en la semilibertad: de la fragilización de los lazos en la búsqueda de sí mismo / Vicissitudes of adolescences in the semi-freedom socio-educative system: from the weakening of bonds to the search of thyself

Parte-se de uma pesquisa que investigou como o caso movimenta as equipes das medidas socioeducativas de semiliberdade, para, no presente artigo, deixar-se levar também pelo caso como um fio condutor de análises e reflexões que demonstram as particularidades contidas num contexto generalizado de pobreza e marginalização. Assim, nosso objetivo é o de complementar a literatura existente acerca das medidas socioeducativas apresentando as particularidades das adolescências com que nos deparamos a partir do encontro com os profissionais da semiliberdade. O método empregado pretende produzir uma reflexão de forma a articular as singularidades dos casos com a literatura específica. Estruturou-se o presente artigo em três tópicos: primeiramente, nas adolescências com foco na constituição do eu e do corpo próprio e sua relação com as condutas de risco; em seguida, reflete-se sobre a relação do adolescente com a família, mais especificamente no que se refere ao conflito geracional; e, por fim, pensa-se as dificuldades na transmissão geracional. Concluiu-se que a abordagem do caso-a-caso se faz essencial para a construção de um olhar acerca dos adolescentes em situação de judicialização que vá para além dos esteriótipos e localize ali o sujeito e suas questões.

Partimos de una investigación que investigó cómo el caso mueve equipos de medidas socioeducativas de semilibertad, de modo que, en este artículo, también podamos ser tomados por el caso como un hilo común de análisis y reflexiones que demuestran las particularidades contenidas en un contexto de pobreza generalizada y marginación. Nuestro objetivo es complementar la literatura existente sobre medidas socioeducativas, presentando las particularidades de la adolescencia que constatamos en el encuentro con profesionales de semilibertad. El método por utilizar pretende producir una reflexión para articular las singularidades de los casos con la literatura específica. Lo estructuramos en tres tópicos: primero, en las adolescencias con foco en la constitución del yo y del cuerpo propio y su relación con las conductas de riesgo; a continuación, se refleja sobre la relación del adolescente con la familia, más específicamente en lo que se refiere al conflicto generacional; y, por último, se piensa las dificultades en la transmisión generacional. Se concluyó que el abordaje del caso a caso se hace esencial para la construcción de una mirada acerca de los adolescentes en situación de judicialización que vaya más allá de los estereotipos y localice allí al sujeto y sus cuestiones.

This paper starts from a research that investigated how the case moves the teams of semi-freedom socio- educative system, in a way that makes it possible, in this article, to be taken by the case as a guiding thread of analyses and reflections that demonstrate the particularities contained in a generalized context of poverty and marginalization. Thus, our goal is to complement the existing literature on socio-educational measures, presenting the particularities of adolescence, which we found by meeting semi-freedom professionals. The method used aims to produce a reflection in order to articulate the singularities of the cases with the specific literature The paper was structured in three topics: first, adolescents with focus on the constitution of the self and of their own bodies, with risky behaviours; then, there is a reflection on the relation of the adolescent with the family, more specifically regarding to the generational conflict; and, finally, the difficulties in generational transmission are thought. We concluded that the case-by-case approach is essential for the construction of a view on the adolescents in a judicial situation, so that it can go beyond the stereotypes and locates the subject and his questions.

[Breastfeeding assessment in children up to 2 years of age assisted in primary health care of Recife in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil]. / Avaliação do aleitamento materno em crianças até dois anos assistidas na atenção básica do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil.

The scope of this study was to evaluate exclusive and total breastfeeding in children up to 2 years of age treated in Basic Health Units (BHU) of Recife in the state of Pernambuco. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Basic Health Units of Mustardinha, Jardim Uchôa, Fernandes Figueira and Upinha Novo Prado. The study population consisted of children of 0 to 24 months of age. One hundred and forty-one children from 0 to 24 months of age were evaluated, of which 56.4% were female, 22% were ≤ 6 months old, 21.3% were between 7 and 12 months of age and 56.7% were between 13 and 24 months of age. Analysis of the prevalence of exclusive and total breastfeeding revealed an average of 60.84 and 182.52 days, respectively. Male children, the use of pacifiers and bottle-feeding was associated with shorter exclusive breastfeeding duration.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) e total em crianças até 2 anos de idade atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do Recife-PE. Estudo descritivo transversal, realizado nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Mustardinha, Jardim Uchôa, Fernandes Figueira e Upinha Novo Prado. A população foi composta por crianças de 0 a 24 meses de idade. Foram avaliadas 141 crianças, das quais 54,6% eram do sexo feminino, 22% tinham idade ≤ 6 meses, 21,3% entre 7 a 12 meses e 56,7% entre 13 e 24 meses. Ao analisar a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo e total, verificou-se a mediana de 60,84 e 182,52 dias, respectivamente. Crianças do sexo masculino, uso de chupeta e mamadeira foram associados ao menor tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo.

Avaliação do aleitamento materno em crianças até dois anos assistidas na atenção básica do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil / Breastfeeding assessment in children up to 2 years of age assisted in primary health care of Recife in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

Resumo O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) e total em crianças até 2 anos de idade atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do Recife-PE. Estudo descritivo transversal, realizado nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Mustardinha, Jardim Uchôa, Fernandes Figueira e Upinha Novo Prado. A população foi composta por crianças de 0 a 24 meses de idade. Foram avaliadas 141 crianças, das quais 54,6% eram do sexo feminino, 22% tinham idade ≤ 6 meses, 21,3% entre 7 a 12 meses e 56,7% entre 13 e 24 meses. Ao analisar a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo e total, verificou-se a mediana de 60,84 e 182,52 dias, respectivamente. Crianças do sexo masculino, uso de chupeta e mamadeira foram associados ao menor tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo.

Abstract The scope of this study was to evaluate exclusive and total breastfeeding in children up to 2 years of age treated in Basic Health Units (BHU) of Recife in the state of Pernambuco. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Basic Health Units of Mustardinha, Jardim Uchôa, Fernandes Figueira and Upinha Novo Prado. The study population consisted of children of 0 to 24 months of age. One hundred and forty-one children from 0 to 24 months of age were evaluated, of which 56.4% were female, 22% were ≤ 6 months old, 21.3% were between 7 and 12 months of age and 56.7% were between 13 and 24 months of age. Analysis of the prevalence of exclusive and total breastfeeding revealed an average of 60.84 and 182.52 days, respectively. Male children, the use of pacifiers and bottle-feeding was associated with shorter exclusive breastfeeding duration.

Método APAC: emergência do sujeito no discurso sobre a mulher / The APAC Method: the emergence of subjectivity in the discourse regarding women / Método APAC: emergencia del sujeto en el discurso sobre la mujer

Neste trabalho discutimos, a partir da perspectiva psicanalítica, as diferentes visões sobre as mulheres, expressas no discurso de sujeitos em privação de liberdade, numa instituição que utiliza um método de recuperação de presos baseado na religião cristã, designado por APAC - Associação de Proteção e Assistência aos Condenados. Utilizamos como marco teórico a perspectiva psicanalítica e, como método, a psicanálise aplicada na análise dos fragmentos de discurso de sujeitos que participaram de um grupo de conversação realizado nessa instituição. Como resultado, pudemos concluir que o discurso sobre a mulher demonstra que a tentativa de imposição de normas e adaptação social, por intermédio da moral religiosa, esbarra no desejo, que fundamentalmente nos constitui como sujeitos.

Based on the psychoanalytic perspective, in this study we discuss different views regarding women, which are expressed in the discourse of subjects in deprivation of liberty, who live under surveillance of the Association of Protection and Assistance to Convicted (APAC), which uses Christianity as a methodology to seek prisoners recovery. As theoretical framework, we have chosen psychoanalytical perspective, and as method, we analyzed the speech fragments of subjects who participated in a conversation group carried out in this institution. As a result, it could be concluded that these men's discourse concerning on women demonstrates that attempt at imposing norms and social adaptation through religious morality, comes up against the desire, which fundamentally constitutes us as subjects.

En esta investigación, discutimos, a partir de la perspectiva psicoanalítica, las distintas visiones sobre las mujeres, expresas en el discurso de sujetos en privación de libertad, en una institución que utiliza un método de recuperación de presos basado en la religión cristiana, designado por APAC - Asociación de Protección y Asistencia a los Condenados. Utilizamos como marco teórico la perspectiva psicoanalítica y como método, el psicoanálisis aplicado en el análisis de los fragmentos de discurso de sujetos que participaron de un grupo de conversación realizado en esa institución. Como resultado, pudimos concluir que el discurso sobre la mujer de muestra que el intento de imposición de normas y adaptación social, por intermedio de la moral religiosa, choca con el deseo, que fundamentalmente nos constituye como sujetos.