ABSTRACT
Apesar de bancos de perfis genéticos para persecução penal serem estabelecidos há cerca de vinte anos nos EUA e no Reino Unido, no Brasil, somente após a Lei n° 12.654/2012 passou‐se a admitir tal realidade. Indiscutivelmente, esta ferramenta contribui para a resolução de crimes. Entretanto, há muitas contradições legais e bioéticas sobre a coleta, a estocagem e a utilização de dados genéticos, pois há a possibilidade de uma aplicação acrítica dos avanços biotecnológicos. Propõe‐se apresentar o desenvolvimento histórico dos bancos de perfis genéticos, além de discutir as principais contradições legais e bioéticas sobre o uso da informação genética com fins criminais. Concluindo que o armazenamento destas informações deve sempre estar submetido à legislação específica, desenvolvida e aplicada com proporcionalidade. Além disso, tais normatizações devem ser calçadas por uma discussão bioética firmada na precaução e na responsabilidade (AU)
Although genetic profiles database for criminal prosecution are established for some twenty years in the U.S. and the UK, in Brazil, only after the Law No. 12,654/2012 happened to admit this reality. Undoubtedly, this tool helps to solve crimes. However, there are many legal and bioethical contradictions about the collection, storage and use of genetic data, because there is the possibility of an uncritical application of biotechnological advances. It was proposed to present the historical development of genetic profiles database, in addition to discussing major legal and bioethical contradictions about the use of genetic information for criminal purposes. Concluding that the storage of this information must always be subjected to specific legislation developed and applied with proportionality. Moreover, such norms shall be cushioned by a bioethical discussion grounded in caution and responsibility (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Databases, Nucleic Acid/organization & administration , Forensic Genetics/organization & administration , Bioethical Issues/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil , Forensic Anthropology/legislation & jurisprudence , Damage Liability , Liability, Legal , Criminology/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
Allele frequencies data, paternity and forensic parameters for 15 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) autosomal markers (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D5S818, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, TPOX, D19S433, vWA, D18S51, FGA) were determined for a sample of 494 unrelated individuals undergoing kinship analysis and molecular cytogenetic testing from the population of the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, Northern State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The loci with the highest polymorphism information content were D18S51 (0.874), D2S1338 (0.853), FGA (0.852), D21S11 (0.838). The combined power of discrimination and the combined power of exclusion were 0.999999999999999 and 0.999526684, respectively. At the available common loci CSF1PO, TH01, TPOX, vWA, D16S539, D7S820 and D13S317, allele frequencies were compared with population databases from State of Alagoas, State of Amazonas, State of São Paulo (Brazilian mulattoes, descendants of Europeans, Africans or Asians), State of Mato Grosso do Sul and State of Rio de Janeiro. No significant distances were observed. The interpopulation genetic distance (Fst coefficients) to the present database, ranged 0.0022 (p=0.446) (Northern State Rio de Janeiro-State of São Paulo European-descendants) to 0.0138 (p=0.993) (Northern State Rio de Janeiro-State of São Paulo Asian-descendants). The Asian-descendants Brazilians are the least admixed. All other groups are admixed as one unique population.
