ABSTRACT
Testicular degeneration is a multifactorial process increasing the concentration of prostaglandins in seminal plasma. Both increase and decrease of these hormones tend to promote loss of seminal quality. Flunixin meglumine is a potent anti-inflammatory drug capable of modulating the production of prostaglandins and is widely used in female reproduction. However, it is rarely used in males with the same objective. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of this drug on seminal quality of male lambs and goats with spermatic characteristics unfavorable for reproduction. To this end, a total of 15 breeding animals were evaluated, of which six goats and four sheep with poor seminal quality were selected according to the criteria established by the Brazilian College of Animal Reproduction (CBRA). Three semen samples were collected from each animal. Then, the flunixin meglumine treatment was initiated and ejaculates were collected at two different periods after the drug was administered (from day 21 until day 35 and from day 49 to day 63). Macroscopic and microscopic parameters were assessed in semen samples and scrotal circumference and percentages of sperm pathologies were measured and compared between the three periods. Data with normal distribution were analyzed using ANOVA at 5% probability, and comparisons between periods within the same species were performed using the Tukey test. An improvement was observed in the analyses of mass motility, percentage motility, andsperm vigor. Scrotal circumference had no variation. Concerning sperm pathologies, an increase inthe number of normal spermatozoids was observed due to a significant reduction in minor and majordefects, and the latter remained low even after the treatment was finished. Therefore, flunixin megluminepresented beneficial effects on seminal parameters of male goats and lamb with unfavorable spermaticcharacteristics. These findings indicate this drug may be used in the treating of...(AU)
A degeneração testicular é um processo multifatorial que leva ao aumento das prostaglandinas no plasma do ejaculado, sendo que tanto seu acréscimo quanto a redução baixam a qualidade seminal. A Flunixina Meglumine é um potente anti-inflamatório, capaz de modular a produção de prostaglandinas, amplamente difundido na reprodução de fêmeas, mas pouco utilizado em machos para esse fim. Por isso, esse trabalho buscou avaliar o efeito deste fármaco sobre a qualidade seminal de machos ovinos e caprinos que apresentem quadro espermático desfavorável à reprodução. Para tanto, um total de 15 reprodutores pertencentes à Universidade Federal do Ceará foram avaliados, dos quais foram selecionados seis bodes e quatro carneiros com sêmen de baixa qualidade, segundo os critérios do Colégio Brasileiro de Reprodução Animal (CBRA). Foram realizadas três colheitas prévias de cada animal, aplicado o tratamento com Flunixina Meglumine e, em seguida, foram colhidos ejaculados de dois momentos posteriores à aplicação do fármaco (do D21 ao D35 e do D49 ao D63). Os parâmetros espermáticos de natureza macro e microscópica, assim como a circunferência escrotal e o percentual de patologias espermáticas foram comparados entre os três momentos e os dados de distribuição normal foram avaliados por ANOVA a 5% de probabilidade e as comparações entre os momentos dentro de cada espécie quando significativa foram feitas pelo teste de Tukey. Houve melhora na motilidade massal, motilidade percentual e vigor espermático. Não ocorreu variação da circunferência escrotal e, no tocante às patologias espermáticas, observou-se um aumento no número de espermatozoides normais, devido a uma redução significativa de defeitos menores e maiores, sendo que estes permaneceram menores mesmo após cessar a influência do tratamento. Assim, a Flunixina Meglumine mostrou uma ação benéfica sobre os parâmetros seminais de machos ovinos e caprinos com quadro espermático desfavorável, sugerindo a indicação do fármaco para...(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Sheep/physiology , Ruminants/physiology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/analysis , Semen Analysis/veterinaryABSTRACT
Testicular degeneration is a multifactorial process increasing the concentration of prostaglandins in seminal plasma. Both increase and decrease of these hormones tend to promote loss of seminal quality. Flunixin meglumine is a potent anti-inflammatory drug capable of modulating the production of prostaglandins and is widely used in female reproduction. However, it is rarely used in males with the same objective. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of this drug on seminal quality of male lambs and goats with spermatic characteristics unfavorable for reproduction. To this end, a total of 15 breeding animals were evaluated, of which six goats and four sheep with poor seminal quality were selected according to the criteria established by the Brazilian College of Animal Reproduction (CBRA). Three semen samples were collected from each animal. Then, the flunixin meglumine treatment was initiated and ejaculates were collected at two different periods after the drug was administered (from day 21 until day 35 and from day 49 to day 63). Macroscopic and microscopic parameters were assessed in semen samples and scrotal circumference and percentages of sperm pathologies were measured and compared between the three periods. Data with normal distribution were analyzed using ANOVA at 5% probability, and comparisons between periods within the same species were performed using the Tukey test. An improvement was observed in the analyses of mass motility, percentage motility, andsperm vigor. Scrotal circumference had no variation. Concerning sperm pathologies, an increase inthe number of normal spermatozoids was observed due to a significant reduction in minor and majordefects, and the latter remained low even after the treatment was finished. Therefore, flunixin megluminepresented beneficial effects on seminal parameters of male goats and lamb with unfavorable spermaticcharacteristics. These findings indicate this drug may be used in the treating of...
A degeneração testicular é um processo multifatorial que leva ao aumento das prostaglandinas no plasma do ejaculado, sendo que tanto seu acréscimo quanto a redução baixam a qualidade seminal. A Flunixina Meglumine é um potente anti-inflamatório, capaz de modular a produção de prostaglandinas, amplamente difundido na reprodução de fêmeas, mas pouco utilizado em machos para esse fim. Por isso, esse trabalho buscou avaliar o efeito deste fármaco sobre a qualidade seminal de machos ovinos e caprinos que apresentem quadro espermático desfavorável à reprodução. Para tanto, um total de 15 reprodutores pertencentes à Universidade Federal do Ceará foram avaliados, dos quais foram selecionados seis bodes e quatro carneiros com sêmen de baixa qualidade, segundo os critérios do Colégio Brasileiro de Reprodução Animal (CBRA). Foram realizadas três colheitas prévias de cada animal, aplicado o tratamento com Flunixina Meglumine e, em seguida, foram colhidos ejaculados de dois momentos posteriores à aplicação do fármaco (do D21 ao D35 e do D49 ao D63). Os parâmetros espermáticos de natureza macro e microscópica, assim como a circunferência escrotal e o percentual de patologias espermáticas foram comparados entre os três momentos e os dados de distribuição normal foram avaliados por ANOVA a 5% de probabilidade e as comparações entre os momentos dentro de cada espécie quando significativa foram feitas pelo teste de Tukey. Houve melhora na motilidade massal, motilidade percentual e vigor espermático. Não ocorreu variação da circunferência escrotal e, no tocante às patologias espermáticas, observou-se um aumento no número de espermatozoides normais, devido a uma redução significativa de defeitos menores e maiores, sendo que estes permaneceram menores mesmo após cessar a influência do tratamento. Assim, a Flunixina Meglumine mostrou uma ação benéfica sobre os parâmetros seminais de machos ovinos e caprinos com quadro espermático desfavorável, sugerindo a indicação do fármaco para...
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/analysis , Sheep/physiology , Ruminants/physiology , Semen Analysis/veterinaryABSTRACT
Background: In tropical countries like Brazil, air temperature and relative humidity have a significant effect on animal physiology; there is a great impact of solar radiation on physiological parameters, especially on body temperature. This study evaluated the occurrence of heat stress in Brown Swiss cows in a tropical semi-arid climate, and checked for the correlation between internal body temperatures [rectal temperature (RT) and vaginal temperature (VT)] with surface temperature (ST) to determine if these variables are associated.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-eight Brown Swiss cows at three stages of the lactation cycle were used in this study: 10 nonpregant lactating (NPL) cows, 8 dry pregnant (DP) cows, and 10 pregnant lactating (PL) cows. These animals were between the second and third calving, weighed between 346 and 720 kg, and had ages between 2 and 13 years. During the experimental period, air temperature and relative humidity (RH) at the experimental site were measured using a digital thermohygrometer. The temperature and humidity index (THI) was calculated according to methodology described by Thom (1958), and was used as an environmental comfort parameter. For the evaluation of RT and VT, two digital clinical thermometers, one inserted in the vagina and the other in the rectum, were used simultaneously to minimize stress. Surface temperature (ST) was assessed using a digital infrared laser thermometer at a distance of 50 cm from the animal. Surface temperature was measured in the forehead (FST), thorax (TST), flank (FLST), and legs (LST). During the study period, the ambient temperature (AT) was significantly higher outside (in the sun) than inside of the facilities (in the shade) (P < 0.05). RH was inversely proportional to AT, and was significantly higher inside than outside the facilities (P < 0.05).[...]
Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Cattle , Hot Temperature/adverse effects , Body Temperature , Heat Stress Disorders/veterinary , Semi-Arid ZoneABSTRACT
Background: In tropical countries like Brazil, air temperature and relative humidity have a significant effect on animal physiology; there is a great impact of solar radiation on physiological parameters, especially on body temperature. This study evaluated the occurrence of heat stress in Brown Swiss cows in a tropical semi-arid climate, and checked for the correlation between internal body temperatures [rectal temperature (RT) and vaginal temperature (VT)] with surface temperature (ST) to determine if these variables are associated.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-eight Brown Swiss cows at three stages of the lactation cycle were used in this study: 10 nonpregant lactating (NPL) cows, 8 dry pregnant (DP) cows, and 10 pregnant lactating (PL) cows. These animals were between the second and third calving, weighed between 346 and 720 kg, and had ages between 2 and 13 years. During the experimental period, air temperature and relative humidity (RH) at the experimental site were measured using a digital thermohygrometer. The temperature and humidity index (THI) was calculated according to methodology described by Thom (1958), and was used as an environmental comfort parameter. For the evaluation of RT and VT, two digital clinical thermometers, one inserted in the vagina and the other in the rectum, were used simultaneously to minimize stress. Surface temperature (ST) was assessed using a digital infrared laser thermometer at a distance of 50 cm from the animal. Surface temperature was measured in the forehead (FST), thorax (TST), flank (FLST), and legs (LST). During the study period, the ambient temperature (AT) was significantly higher outside (in the sun) than inside of the facilities (in the shade) (P < 0.05). RH was inversely proportional to AT, and was significantly higher inside than outside the facilities (P < 0.05).[...](AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Heat Stress Disorders/veterinary , Body Temperature , Hot Temperature/adverse effects , Semi-Arid ZoneABSTRACT
The male effect is a simple technique which aims the induction of estrus and ovulation, which is the reintroduction of male to a female group previously separated. This interaction leads to an increase in LH pulse followed by ovulation. One of the strategies for estrus induction is exposure of females to males. In all species there are communication strategies, many of them involving the use of chemoreceptor organs that enable the perception of pheromones, and these mediators in the interaction intra species related to recognition for mating. The synchronization of estrus by the male effect is an important step in the reproductive management of herds, since the advantages indicated by several authors reflect directly on reducing costs, avoid undesirable immune response by the use of chorionic gonadotropin, decreases hormone residues in treated females thus complying with ecological principles and sustainable production.
O efeito macho é uma técnica simples que objetiva a indução do estro e da ovulação, e consiste na reintrodução de machos a um grupo de fêmeas previamente separadas. Esta interação induz a um aumento dos pulsos de LH seguido da ovulação. Uma das estratégias para indução do estro é a exposição das fêmeas a machos. Em todas as espécies existem estratégias de comunicação, muitas delas envolvendo o uso de órgãos quimiorreceptores que possibilitam a percepção de feromônios, sendo estes mediadores na interação intraespécie relacionada ao reconhecimento para o acasalamento. A sincronização do estro de fêmeas pelo efeito macho constitui importante medida no manejo reprodutivo de rebanhos, uma vez que as vantagens indicadas por diversos autores refletem diretamente na redução de custos, evita resposta imunológica indesejável pelo uso das gonadotrofinas coriônicas, diminui resíduos hormonais nas fêmeas tratadas, cumprindo assim com preceitos ecológicos e de produção sustentável.
Subject(s)
Animals , Estrus , Ovulation Induction/veterinary , Pheromones , Reproductive Techniques/veterinaryABSTRACT
The male effect is a simple technique which aims the induction of estrus and ovulation, which is the reintroduction of male to a female group previously separated. This interaction leads to an increase in LH pulse followed by ovulation. One of the strategies for estrus induction is exposure of females to males. In all species there are communication strategies, many of them involving the use of chemoreceptor organs that enable the perception of pheromones, and these mediators in the interaction intra species related to recognition for mating. The synchronization of estrus by the male effect is an important step in the reproductive management of herds, since the advantages indicated by several authors reflect directly on reducing costs, avoid undesirable immune response by the use of chorionic gonadotropin, decreases hormone residues in treated females thus complying with ecological principles and sustainable production.(AU)
O efeito macho é uma técnica simples que objetiva a indução do estro e da ovulação, e consiste na reintrodução de machos a um grupo de fêmeas previamente separadas. Esta interação induz a um aumento dos pulsos de LH seguido da ovulação. Uma das estratégias para indução do estro é a exposição das fêmeas a machos. Em todas as espécies existem estratégias de comunicação, muitas delas envolvendo o uso de órgãos quimiorreceptores que possibilitam a percepção de feromônios, sendo estes mediadores na interação intraespécie relacionada ao reconhecimento para o acasalamento. A sincronização do estro de fêmeas pelo efeito macho constitui importante medida no manejo reprodutivo de rebanhos, uma vez que as vantagens indicadas por diversos autores refletem diretamente na redução de custos, evita resposta imunológica indesejável pelo uso das gonadotrofinas coriônicas, diminui resíduos hormonais nas fêmeas tratadas, cumprindo assim com preceitos ecológicos e de produção sustentável.(AU)