The Development of a Rapid, Cost-Effective, and Green Analytical Method for Mercury Speciation.

Mercury is a naturally occurring metal found in various inorganic and organic forms within the environment. Due to its high toxicity, there is global concern regarding human exposure to this element. The combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) is commonly used to analyze the different forms of mercury in a sample due to its high sensitivity and ability to selectively detect mercury. However, the traditional HPLC-ICP-MS methods are often criticized for their lengthy analysis times. In this study, we have refined the conventional approach by transitioning to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ICP-MS). This modification has resulted in significant reductions in runtime as well as reagent and argon usage, thereby offering a more rapid, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective method. We successfully adapted an HPLC-ICP-MS method to UHPLC-ICP-MS, achieving the analysis of Hg2+ and MeHg+ within 1 min with a mobile phase consumption of only 0.5 mL and a sample volume of 5.0 µL; this is a major advance compared to HPLC analysis with run times generally between 5 and 10 min. The method's performance was assessed by analyzing muscle and liver tissue samples (serving as reference material) from fish, demonstrating the versatility of the method in relation to different complex matrices.

Assessment of Health Risk and Presence of Metals in Water and Fish Samples from Doce River, Brazil, After Fundão Dam Collapse.

The rupture of the Fundão dam released about 50 million m3 of mining tailings in the Doce river basin. To assess the potential for environmental contamination and the risks of residual exposure of the human population generated by these tailings, water and fish samples from the Doce river were collected 25 days after the accident and analyzed the physicochemical parameters of the water and levels of metals by ICP-MS, in addition to the temporal variability of the concentration of these elements through other studies. This was the first study to carry out an assessment of the health risk associated with the consumption of fish contaminated by metals from the areas affected by the disaster. The values of turbidity (5460 NTU), electrical conductivity (74.8 µS cm-1), total dissolved solids (892 mg L-1) and total suspended solids (772 mg L-1) were above the maximum limit allowed by Brazilian legislation, due to the presence of large amounts of solid materials released after the dam rupture. The analysis of metals in water samples indicated high concentrations of Al (1,906.71 µg L-1), Mn (370.32 µg L-1), Fe (8,503.50 µg L-1) and Hg (34.25 µg L-1), while for the fish samples, only As (1,033.98 µg kg-1) and Hg (herbivorous: 505.32 µg kg-1; predatory: 1,184.09 µg kg-1) presented levels above those established by Brazilian legislation. The health risk assessment showed that the estimated daily intake for Hg was higher than the reference dose, reinforcing the need for monitoring the area affected by the disaster.

Arsenic in Mining Areas: Environmental Contamination Routes.

The emission and accumulation of toxic elements such as arsenic in various environmental compartments have become increasingly frequent primarily due to anthropogenic actions such as those observed in agricultural, industrial, and mining activities. An example of environmental arsenic contamination in Brazil exists in the city of Paracatu, MG, due to the operation of a gold mine. The aim of this work is to evaluate the routes and effects of arsenic contamination in environmental compartments (air, water, and soil) and environmental organisms (fish and vegetables) from mining regions as well as the trophic transfer of the element for a risk assessment of the population. In this study, high levels of arsenic were found in the waters of the Rico stream ranging from 4.05 µg/L during the summer season to 72.4 µg/L during the winter season. Moreover, the highest As concentration was 1.668 mg kg-1 in soil samples, which are influenced by seasonal variation and by proximity to the gold mine. Inorganic and organic arsenic species were found above the allowed limit in biological samples, indicating the transfer of arsenic found in the environment and demonstrating a great risk to the population exposed to this area. This study demonstrates the importance of environmental monitoring to diagnose contamination and encourage the search for new interventions and risk assessments for the population.

Artisanal Gem Mining in Brazil: A Source of Genotoxicity and Exposure to Toxic Elements.

Environmental and occupational exposure to toxic metals has led many people around the world to have serious health problems. Mining activities contribute to an increased risk of exposure to these elements. In this work, a study of environmental biomonitoring and routes of exposure to toxic metals in a region of artisanal mining was performed. This study was carried out in the district of Taquaral de Minas, located in the Jequitinhonha Valley in the state of Minas Gerais. The valley is one of the wealthiest and highest gem-producing areas in Brazil. Five artisanal mines were sampled (Bode, Pirineu, Pinheira, Lajedo, and Marmita). Several potentially toxic metals (Be, Zn, Mn, Ba Cd, Hg, and U) were investigated in the soils and dust over the rocks and the soils. Samples from 22 individuals occupationally exposed and 17 unexposed persons, who formed the reference group, were analyzed for trace elements by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The genotoxicity was evaluated by the micronucleus test in buccal mucosa epithelial cells, where the following changes were scored: micronuclei (MN) binucleate (BN) cells and kariolytic (KL) cells. The MN test showed significantly increased frequencies in all alterations of exposed individuals compared to the controls (p < 0.05, Student's t-test). The urine analysis showed levels of Cr, Ni Ba, Pb, and As in the blood, which were higher than the ATSDR recommended levels. The association between the MN test and the trace element concentrations found in the blood and urine was significant (p < 0.05). The higher the number of years of working, the higher the concentrations in the blood were, due to chronic exposure. The results of the present study indicate environmental contamination and a potential risk to the health of miners, suggesting an intervention.

Determination of 14 trace elements in blood, serum and urine after environmental disaster in the Doce River basin: Relationship between mining waste and metal concentration in the population.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to chemical substances after an environmental disaster can cause both toxic effects and changes in the health status of people who live in or have proximity to environments of this nature, so that the concern with populations is growing. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, blood, serum and urine samples were collected from 100 volunteers from Santo Antônio do Rio Doce, eight from Ilha das Pimentas and 50 from the control group; and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for biomonitoring of Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Se, Pb, Zn. In addition, a comprehensive questionnaire was applied to collect demographic and socioeconomic information, as well as lifestyle. RESULTS: The concentrations of As, Al, Cd, Ni and Mn were above the reference value in some biological matrices, with more pronounced exposure in Ilha das Pimentas. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Co, Pb and Zn showed statistical differences regarding gender in the different biological matrices. The trace elements in the blood, serum and urine showed significant correlations when considering age and habits such as the consumption of cigarettes, alcoholic beverages and fish. The main correlations were observed between Co, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pb in the blood and cigarette consumption. CONCLUSION: This is the first study in these regions after the environmental disaster and confirmation of the diagnosis and health care of the participants should be promoted for clinical investigation and the eventual need for treatment. Human biomonitoring demonstrated high concentrations of some toxic elements, with more accentuated exposure in Ilha das Pimentas.

Degradation of Praguicide Disulfoton Using Nanocompost and Evaluation of Toxicological Effects.

Organophosphates (OPPs) are an important element of modern agriculture; however, because they are being used excessively, their residues are leaching and accumulating in the soil and groundwater, contaminating aquatic and terrestrial food chains. An important OPP called disulfoton is frequently used to eradicate pests from a wide range of crops, including Brazil's coffee crops. Additionally, it does not easily degrade in the environment, and as such, this compound can slowly build up in living organisms such as humans. Moreover, this compound has been classified as "extremely hazardous" by the World Health Organization. This study evaluated the degradation efficiency of disulfoton using a Fenton-like reaction catalyzed by magnetite nanoparticles and determined the toxicity of the by-products of the degradation process using the bioindicator Allium cepa. Further, the removal efficiency of disulfoton was determined to be 94% under optimal conditions. On the other hand, the Allium cepa bioassay showed different toxic, cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic outcomes even after the remediation process. In conclusion, the Fenton process catalyzed by magnetite nanoparticles presents great efficiency for the oxidation of disulfoton. However, it is important to highlight that the high degradation efficiency of the Fenton-based process was not sufficient to achieve detoxification of the samples.

Correlação entre suporte social percebido e conflito trabalho-família em agentes comunitários de saúde / Correlation between perceived social support and work-family conflict in community health agents / Correlación entre apoyo social percibido y conflicto trabajo-familia en ACS

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar se existe correlação entre conflito trabalho-família e suporte social percebido em Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS). Ademais, este é um estudo transversal e correlacional com delineamento quantitativo, em que foram ocupadas a Escala Multidimensional de Conflito Trabalho-Família (EMCT-F) e a Escala de Percepção de Suporte Social (2-Way SSS). Os participantes da pesquisa foram 139 ACS atuantes em quatro municípios do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Para a análise dos dados, foram utilizadas a Estatística Descritiva, Estatística Paramétrica e Correlação de Pearson. Os resultados entre as correlações das escalas foram estatisticamente significativos (p<0,05) nos fatores dar suporte emocional e conflito família-trabalho, e receber suporte instrumental e conflito família trabalho. Assim, o estudo permitiu compreender melhor a relação entre as variáveis destacadas, sendo que esse entendimento poderá subsidiar intervenções baseadas na Psicologia Positiva para os ACS.(AU)

This study aimed to assess whether there is a correlation between work-family conflict and perceived social support in Community Health Agents (CHA). Moreover, this is a cross-sectional and correlational study with quantitative design, in which the Multidimensional Work-Family Conflict Scale (MWFCS) and the 2-Way Social Support Scale (2-Way SSS) were used. The participants in this study were 139 CHA workers in four municipalities in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. Descriptive Statistics, Parametric Statistics, and Pearson Correlation were used to analyze the data. The results between the correlations of the scales were statistically significant (p<0.05) in the factors give emotional support and work family conflict, and receive instrumental support and work family conflict. Therefore, the study allowed us to better understand the relationship between the variables highlighted, and this understanding may support interventions based on Positive Psychology for the CHA.(AU)

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar si existe correlación entre conflicto trabajo-familia y apoyo social percibido en trabajadores Agentes Comunitarios de Salud. Además, este es un estudio transversal y correlacional con delineamiento cuantitativo, en que fueron empleadas la Escala Multidimensional de Conflicto Trabajo-Familia (EMCT-F) y la Escala de Percepción de Suporte Social (2-Way SSS). Los participantes de este estudio fueron 139 trabajadores que actúan como agentes comunitarios de salud (ACS) en cuatro municipios del interior de Rio Grande do Sul. Para el análisis de los datos fueron empleadas la Estadística Descriptiva, Estadística Paramétrica y Correlación de Pearson. Los resultados entre las correlaciones de las escalas fueron estadísticamente significativos (p<0,05) en los factores dar apoyo emocional y conflicto familia trabajo y recibir apoyo instrumental y conflicto familia trabajo. Por tanto, el estudio permitió comprender mejor la relación entre las variables destacadas, siendo que ese entendimiento podrá subsidiar intervenciones basadas en la Psicología Positiva para los ACS.(AU)

Validação de método analítico por extração líquido-líquido e análise por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas para detecção de ácidos haloacéticos em amostras ambientais / Validity of the analytical method of LLE-GC-MS for the detection of haloacetics acids in environmental samples

RESUMO O estudo teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e a validação de um método analítico para detecção e quantificação de ácidos haloacéticos por meio da extração líquido-líquido e da análise por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas. Para a validação, consideraram-se parâmetros como linearidade, precisão, limites de detecção e quantificação e seletividade. Adicionalmente, aplicou-se o método para avaliar a formação de ácidos haloacéticos em ensaios de cloração de células de Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii com o oxidante hipoclorito de cálcio, simulando situações em estações de tratamento de água. O método apresentou baixo tempo de análise, excelente seletividade, precisão, repetitividade e sensibilidade, com possibilidade de aplicação para análises de rotina em substituição à cromatografia a gás por captura de elétrons. Observou-se a formação de ácidos haloacéticos durante os ensaios com doses de 2,5 e 5,0 mg.L-1 do oxidante, com destaque para os ácidos dicloroacético e tricloroacético.

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to develop and validate an analytical method for the detection and quantification of haloacetic acids through liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. For validation, parameters such as linearity, precision, detection and quantification limits, and selectivity were considered. Additionally, the method was applied to evaluate the formation of haloacetic acids in in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii cell chlorination assays with the calcium hypochlorite oxidant, simulating full scale situations in water treatment plants. The method presented low analysis time, excellent selectivity, precision, repeatability, and sensitivity, with possibility of application for routine analysis in substitution gas chromatography by electron capture. The formation of haloacetic acids was observed during the tests with 2.5 and 5.0 mg.L-1 doses of the oxidant, with emphasis on dichloroacetic and trichloroacetic acids.

Iron Oxide Nanomaterials for the Removal of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) from Contaminated River After Mariana Mining Disaster.

If not properly treated, water contaminated with chromium (Cr(VI)) and lead (Pb(II)) can cause severe damage to health due to the accumulation of those toxic metals in the human body. Therefore, in this work, three iron oxides, i.e., δ-FeOOH, cystine-functionalized δ-FeOOH (Cys-δ-FeOOH), and Fe3O4, were synthesized and used as adsorbents for Cr(VI) and Pb(II) in water. The results indicated that the Cr(VI) is best adsorbed on cys-δ-FeOOH followed by δ-FeOOH and Fe3O4. It was because of the enhanced interaction between Cr(VI) and the cysteine functional groups on the δ-FeOOH surface. The Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of cys-δ-FeOOH, δ-FeOOH, and Fe3O4 was 217, 14, and 8 mg g-1, respectively. On the other hand, Pb(II) was preferentially adsorbed directly on δ-FeOOH achieving a maximum Pb(II) adsorption capacity of 174 mg g-1. The Pb(II) adsorption capacity of cys-δ-FeOOH and Fe3O4 was 97 and 74 mg g-1, respectively. The Cr(VI) adsorption on cys-δ-FeOOH was best described by the Langmuir-Freundlich model, whereas Pb(II) adsorption on δ-FeOOH followed the Langmuir model. Both Cr(VI) and Pb(II) adsorption on the adsorbents was well-fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetics. The Cr(VI) was more quickly adsorbed by cys-δ-FeOOH (h0 = 0.10 mg g-1 min-1) while the initial adsorption rate of Pb(II) onto δ-FeOOH was significantly faster (h0 = 16.34 mg g-1 min-1). Finally, the synthesized adsorbents were efficient to remove Cr(VI) and Pb(II) from water samples of the Doce river after the environmental disaster of Mariana city, Brazil, thus showing its applicability to remediate real water samples.

Combined Pull through and Balloon Anchoring Bailout Technique to Repair a Failed Bifurcated Endovascular Aortic Repair.

BACKGROUND: To describe a bailout technique used to manage the left stump of a bifurcated endograft that was stuck above a narrowed distal aortic neck. METHODS: An 80-year-old man with a suprarenal aneurysm was treated with a custom-made 4-vessel fenestration endograft. During the procedure, the left stump of the distal bifurcated graft module was chased out of a narrow distal aortic neck and became stuck horizontally at the bottom of the aortic aneurysmal sac. Through a femoral to left subclavian artery through-and-through percutaneous access, a balloon-anchoring technique was successfully used to return the endograft stump into the narrowed aortic neck and exclude the aneurysm. CONCLUSIONS: The combined technique of a through-and-through and anchoring balloon was found to be suitable for introducing an endograft limb into a narrow distal aortic neck.

Purification of arsenic-contaminated water using iron molybdate filters and monitoring of their genotoxic, mutagenic, and cytotoxic effects through bioassays.

Environmental contamination has been a cause of concern worldwide, being aggravated by anthropogenic activities carried out without the correct disposal of toxic products in the various habitats on our planet. In Brazil, mining companies are responsible for the contamination of large river basins with toxic elements from mining activities. Among these elements, arsenic draws attention because it is highly carcinogenic and found in waters in concentrations above those recommended by regulatory agencies. Here, Fe2(MoO4)3 nanoparticles are synthesized and used as a filter medium in water purification systems contaminated with arsenic. The adsorption kinetics of arsenic by Fe2(MoO4)3 nanoparticles is fast, showing pseudo-second-order rate constants of 0.0044, 0.0080, and 0.0106 g mg-1 min-1 for As3+, As5+, and MMA, respectively. The adsorption isotherms are better adjusted with the Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson models, indicating that the arsenic adsorption occurs in monolayers on the Fe2(MoO4)3 surface. The Fe2(MoO4)3 adsorption capacities determined for the As3+, As5+, and MMA species are 16.1, 23.1, and 23.5 mg g-1, respectively. The Fe2(MoO4)3 filter is efficient in purifying arsenic-contaminated water, reducing its initial concentration from 1000 µg L-1 to levels close to zero. Biological tests indicate that Fe2(MoO4)3 nanoparticles and filtered water have no cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic risks to human life. Those results suggest that the Fe2(MoO4)3 filter can be used as an efficient and safe technology for the purification of water contaminated by arsenic.

DLLME-SFO-GC-MS procedure for the determination of 10 organochlorine pesticides in water and remediation using magnetite nanoparticles.

There exists a high demand for fast, simple, and reliable methodologies for determining the presence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) on environmental samples. Moreover, the toxicity and accumulation of potential OCPs in several environments have led to the development of technologies that achieve their removal from contaminated waters. In this study, a novel method combining a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure based on the solidification of floating organic drop is developed and validated for the extraction, preconcentration, and determination of 10 OCPs: α-BHC, p,p'-DDE, δ-BHC, dieldrin, p,p'-DDT, endosulfan I, endosulfan sulfate, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide (isomer B), and methoxychlor in water samples. The results show that the calibration curves were linear for all the studied compounds, and the coefficients of correlation higher than 0.99. The variation coefficient for precision and accuracy was lower than 10%, and the accuracy ranged from 93 to 105%. Low limit of detection and limit of quantification values ranging from 0.06-3.00 ng mL-1 and 0.20-10 ng mL-1 were obtained, respectively. The capability of the proposed method was confirmed using an analysis of the water samples before and after the degradation process; this was achieved by employing nanomaterials, while performing an analysis of 160 real samples that were sourced from a Brazilian river. A cobalt-doped magnetite was applied for the environmental remediation of the studied compounds, and it was verified that the novel material has the potential to be used in environmental remediation with a degradation efficiency exceeding 80% for the majority of the studied compounds.

Isolation and characterization of bacteria from a brazilian gold mining area with a capacity of arsenic bioaccumulation.

In Paracatu, a city in Minas Gerais State (Brazil), the gold mineral extraction produces wastes that contribute to environmental contamination by arsenic. This work describes the evaluation of arsenic concentration from soil of a gold mining area in Paracatu and the selection of arsenic resistant bacteria. In the process of culturing enrichment, 38 bacterial strains were isolated and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined in solid medium for each strain. Three bacterial strains named P1C1Ib, P2Ic and P2IIB were resistant to 3000 mg L-1 of arsenite. Analysis of 16S rDNA gene sequences revealed that these bacteria belong to Bacillus cereus and Lysinibacillus boronitolerans species. After cultivation of the strains P1C1Ib, P2Ic and P2IIIb, 69.38%-71.88% of arsenite and 82.39%-85.72% of arsenate concentrations were reduced from the culture medium, suggesting the potential application of theses strains in bioremediation processes.

Gold-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Attenuate Collagen-Induced Arthritis after Magnetic Targeting.

The aim of the study was to evaluate if gold-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (AuSPION) magnetic-targeted to the arthritic articulation of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats are able to ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis without producing significant biological adverse effects in comparison to colloidal Au nanoparticles (AuC) and metotrexate (MTX). Male Wistar rats were divided into control; arthritic; AuSPION (150 µg kg-1); AuC (150 µg kg-1) and MTX (2.5 µg kg-1). Treatments were administered thrice every other day by the intraperitoneal route 15 min after all groups had a neodymium magnet coupled to the right ankle joint (kept for 1 h). Paw edema and body weight were measured weekly. Joint sections were evaluated by Haematoxylin & Eosin and immunohistochemistry (TNF-α, IL-1ß). Biomarkers of oxidative stress were used to evaluate toxicity. Among the evaluated treatments, AuSPION led to significant clinical improvements (decreased edema and infiltration by leukocytes as well as less positively immunostained cells for both TNF-α and IL-1ß in synovium) accompanied by a lack of toxicity as indicated by redox state and genotoxicity assays. Our results clearly indicate that the magnetic targeting of AuSPION suppresses joint edema and inflammation, cytokine expression as well as the redox imbalance, thereby contributing to an amelioration of arthritis severity in CIA rats. The results demonstrate for the first time the potentiality of AuSPION administration under a magnetic field as an attractive alternative for future treatments of rheumatic diseases.

Removal of mercury(II) from contaminated water by gold-functionalised Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles.

Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ and then modified with Au to produce an effective adsorbent (Fe3O4/Au) for aqueous Hg(II) in contaminated water. Rietveld refinement on the XRD pattern confirmed that the Fe3O4/Au was synthesised. Mössbauer spectra exhibited broad and asymmetric resonance lines with two sextets which can be assigned to tetrahedral Fe3+; and octahedral Fe3+/Fe2+. The quantitative analysis of magnetite confirms that the sample shows around 3 wt.% Au and 97 wt.% partially oxidised Fe3O4. High surface area: 121 m2 g-1, average pore sizes: 6.3 nm and pore volume: 1.64 cm3 g-1. The kinetics data were better fitted with a pseudo-second-order and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm suggests the Hg(II) adsorption onto Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles was mainly by chemical adsorption forming complex with the Au metal immobilised on Fe3O4 surfaces. Adsorption capacity of 79.59 mg g-1. Ionic strength and co-existing ions had a slight influence on the adsorption capacity.

Rapid, sensitive and simultaneous determination of 16 endocrine-disrupting chemicals (parabens, benzophenones, bisphenols, and triclocarban) in human urine based on microextraction by packed sorbent combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (MEPS-LC-MS/MS).

A high demand exists in human biomonitoring studies for reliable and straightforward methods that generate data faster and simultaneously. Thus, the present study combines microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for simultaneous extraction and determination of various classes of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including parabens, benzophenones, bisphenols, and the antimicrobial, triclocarban in human urine samples. Optimized MEPS conditions were: i) MEPS sorbent (C18), ii) pH of sample (3), iii) volume of sample (250 µL), iv) number of draws-eject cycles (5) and (vi) desorption solvent conditions (100 µL of CH3OH:H2O 80:20 v/v). The calibration curves were linear over the selected ranges for all studied compound, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. The variation coefficient for precision was lower than 20% at lower concentrations and lower than 15% at the higher concentrations studied. The accuracy ranged from 90% to 118%. The proposed strategy affords several advantages over currently published approaches, including simplicity of operation and reduction of sample and solvent volumes and time for matrix clean-up. Moreover, the analytical performance of each MEPS cartridge remained stable over the analysis of at least 70 samples (RSD < 10%). Thus, the current procedure may be an interesting high-throughput alternative for large routine human biomonitoring studies. Urinary geometric mean concentrations of EDCs obtained in this study were close than those previously reported for Brazilian children.

Revisão sistemática: a psicologia positiva e sua aplicação nos contextos do trabalho / Systematic review: positive psychology and its application in the contexts of work / Revisión sistemática: psicología positiva y su aplicación en los contextos del trabajo

A Psicologia Positiva propõe uma nova abordagem da Psicologia, apresenta o estudo científico das potencialidades humanas e valoriza os aspectos positivos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a produção científica na área de Psicologia Positiva e sua utilização no contexto do trabalho. O estudo consiste em uma revisão sistemática dos artigos dos últimos 5 anos nas bases de dados Scielo, Pepsic e Lilacs, com os seguintes descritores: "Psicologia Positiva" e "Trabalho" no idioma português, Psicologia Positiva e trabalho no idioma inglês e Psicologia Positiva e trabalho na língua espanhola. De acordo com os critérios de inclusão, 13 artigos foram avaliados nesta revisão. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos estudos selecionados abordou a aplicação e o desenvolvimento de escalas que utilizam a Psicologia Positiva; a escala de Engajamento é a mais utilizada, com prevalência de 38%. Na revisão sistemática, foi possível confirmar a qualidade das escalas desenvolvidas e validadas. Conclui-se que o uso de constructos de Psicologia Positiva é relevante nos contextos de trabalho.

The positive psychology proposes a new approach to psychology, presents the scientific study of human potentialities and values personal strengths. The present study aim to investigate scientific production in the area of Positive Psychology and its use in the context of work. The study consists of a systematic review of the articles of the last 5 years in the Scielo, Pepsic and Lilacs databases, with the following descriptors: "Positive Psychology" and "Work" in the Portuguese language, positive psychology and work in the English language and positive psychology and work in the Spanish language. According to the inclusion criteria 13 articles was evaluated in this review. The results showed that the majority of the selected studies approached the application and development of scales that use the positive psychology, the compromise scale is the most used, with a prevalence of 38%. In the systematic review, it was possible to confirm the quality of the scales developed and validated. It is concluded that the use of Positive Psychology constructs is relevant in work contexts.

La Psicología Positiva propone un nuevo enfoque de la Psicología, presenta el estudio científico de las potencialidades humanas y valora las fuerzas personales. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la producción científica en el área de la Psicología Positiva y su utilización en el contexto del trabajo. El estudio consiste en una revisión sistemática de los artículos de los últimos 5 años en las bases de datos Scielo, Pepsic y Lilacs, con los siguientes descriptores: "Psicología Positiva" y "Trabajo" en la lengua portuguesa, positive psychology and work en la lengua inglesa y psicología positiva y trabajo en la lengua española. Atendiendo a los criterios de inclusión, 13 artículos se evaluán en esta revisión. Os resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los estudios seleccionados abordaron la aplicación y lo desarrollo de escalas que utilizan los constructos de la Psicología Positiva, la escala de compromiso es la más utilizada, con una prevalencia del 38%. En la revisión sistemática, fue posible confirmar la calidad de las escalas desarrolladas y validadas. Se concluye que el uso de los constructos de Psicología Positiva es relevante en los contextos de trabajo.

Validação de método analítico por ELL-CG-EM para detecção de trialometanos decorrentes da cloração de águas contendo Microcystis / Analytical method and trihalomethanes formation by Microcystis

RESUMO Estudos demonstram que a utilização do cloro em estações de tratamento de água (ETA) pode contribuir para a formação de subprodutos orgânicos halogenados indesejados, tais como os trialometanos (TAM), quando há presença de matéria orgânica algogênica, composta de algas e cianobactérias. A Microcystis aeruginosa é uma espécie de cianobactéria com frequentes registros em eventos de florações no país e é relacionada com a formação de TAM durante a cloração da água. Desse modo, este estudo teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e a validação do método analítico por extração líquido-líquido para detecção e quantificação de TAM por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (ELL-CG-EM), bem como a aplicação deste para avaliar a formação de TAM em ensaios de cloração de células de Microcystis aeruginosa, simulando situações em ETA. O método obteve baixo tempo de análise (< 12 minutos), excelente seletividade, precisão, repetitividade e sensibilidade, com possibilidade de aplicação para análises de rotina em detrimento de outras técnicas consideradas mais automatizadas. Foram observadas alta demanda de cloro durante os ensaios e elevada concentração dos subprodutos quando submetida à dose de cloro gasoso (Cl2) de 2,5 e 5 mg.L-1, com destaque para o triclorometano, sendo outras espécies de monitoramento obrigatório não detectadas ou não formadas, o que pode ser justificado pela ausência de bromo.

ABSTRACT Studies have shown that the use of chlorine in water treatment plants (WTPs) can contribute to formation of undesirable halogenated organic by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs), when algae and cyanobacteria are present. Microcystis aeruginosa is a cyanobacteria specie with frequent recordings of flowering events in the country and is related to the formation of THMs during water chlorination. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop and validate Liquid-Liquid Extraction the analytical method for detection and quantification of THMs by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LLE-GC-MS), as well as the application of the method to evaluate the formation of TAMs from Microcystis aeruginosa cells chlorination tests, simulating situations in WTPs. The method obtained low time of analysis (< 12 minutes), excellent selectivity, precision, repeatability and sensitivity, with possibility of application for routine analysis to the detriment of other techniques considered more automated. High chlorine demand was observed during the tests and high concentration of by-products when submitted to the chlorine gas (Cl2) dose of 2.5 and 5 mg.L-1, with emphasis on trichloromethane. Other species of mandatory monitoring were not detected or not formed, justified by the absence of bromine.

Degradation of haloacetic acids with the Fenton-like and analysis by GC-MS: use of bioassays for monitoring of genotoxic, mutagenic and cytotoxic effects.

In this study, a method was developed to evaluate the degradation of haloacetic acids (HAAs) in water by a heterogenous Fenton-like process catalyzed by cobalt-doped magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3 - xCoxO4), extraction of the contaminants by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The developed method was efficient in the degradation of HAAs, with the following degradation values: 63%, 62%, 30%, 39%, 37%, 50%, 84%, 41%, and 79% for monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, bromochloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid, bromodichloroacetic acid, dibromochloroacetic acid, and tribromoacetic acid compounds, respectively. Through the application of the Allium cepa test, the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity of HAAs were evaluated. The results confirm its genotoxic and mutagenic effects on Allium cepa meristematic cells. Through this study, it was possible to verify the effectiveness of the developed method and its potential as a proposal for environmental remediation.

Arsenic volatilization by Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. isolated from rice rhizosphere as a promising eco-safe tool for arsenic mitigation.

Arsenic (As) is a non-threshold human carcinogenic. This element can be volatilized either by nature or anthropogenic sources. In the present study, the analytical performance of an As volatile species trapping system was evaluated to assess the As volatilization promoted by Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp., both isolated from rice rhizosphere, and Aspergillus niger sp. considered as a reference. The study was conducted for 60 days (sampling of volatile As species from 1st to 30th day and from 31st to 60th day). The efficiency of As-volatilization was associated with the fungal growth. The highest As volatilization occurred from 31st to 60th day. Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. and A. niger were capable of producing 57.8, 46.4, and 5.2% of volatile arsenic species, respectively. The speciation analysis has shown trimethylarsine (TMAs) as the main volatilized As-form, followed by mono- and dimethylarsine (MMAs and DMAs). The results are following the "Challenger pathway". Therefore, the tested fungi isolated from rice rhizosphere have shown promising properties concerning bio-volatilization with potential use for As-mitigation in paddy soils.