Preferências e expectativas de pacientes de ensaio clínico sobre exames em domicílio e testes remotos / Preferences and expectations of patients in clinical trial about laboratory exams at home and remote tests / Preferencias y expectativas de los pacientes en ensayo clínico sobre exámenes domiciliarios y pruebas remotas

Objetivo: Conhecer a aceitação de pacientes de ensaio clínico quanto a coleta de exames domiciliares, testes remotos e teleconsultas, compreendendo as suas preferências e expectativas. Método: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório, descritivo, com entrevistas em profundidade envolvendo profissionais de saúde (especialistas) e pacientes, com e sem experiência em ensaios clínicos, com posterior validação dos constructos por meio de workshop participativo. Resultados: Para os pacientes de ensaio clínico, a aceitação mostrou-se relativa. Diversos fatores influenciam suas preferências e expectativas, sendo as principais: a) O grau de confiabilidade nos processos e a acurácia dos resultados de exames domiciliares. b) Os testes remotos, apesar de bem aceitos, dependem da capacidade de entendimento no correto manuseio da tecnologia requerida. c) A teleconsulta, já bem utilizada e aceita, não substitui totalmente o encontro presencial com o médico em fases críticas. A preferência é pelo uso equilibrado do "presencial x remoto". Conclusão: A aceitação é influenciada por diversas variáveis. Devem ser definidas estratégias adequadas para cada caso, para garantir resultados seguros e confiáveis, com equilíbrio entre o presencial e remoto, através da participação ativa dos pacientes nas tomadas de decisão.

To understand the acceptance of clinical trial patients regarding in-house exams, remote tests and teleconsultations, revealing their preferences and expectations Method: Qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study, with in-depth interviews involving health professionals (specialists) and patients, with and without experience in clinical trials, with subsequent validation of the constructs through a participatory workshop. Results: For clinical trial patients, acceptance was relative. Several factors influence their preferences and expectations, the main ones being: a) The degree of reliability in the processes and the accuracy of the results of home exams. b) Remote tests, although well accepted, depend on the ability of the patient to understand the correct handling of the required technology. c) Teleconsultation, already well used and accepted, does not completely replace the face-to-face meeting with the doctor in critical phases. The preference is for the balanced use of "in person versus remote". Conclusion: Acceptance is influenced by several variables. Adequate strategies must be defined for each case, to ensure safe and reliable results, with a balance between face-to-face and remote, through the active participation of patients in decision-making

Objetivo: Conocer la aceptación de los pacientes de ensayos clínicos en cuanto a la recogida de exámenes domiciliarios, pruebas a distancia y teleconsultas, entendiendo sus preferencias y expectativas. Método: Estudio cualitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo, con entrevistas en profundidad involucrando a profesionales de la salud (especialistas) y pacientes, con y sin experiencia en ensayos clínicos, con posterior validación de los constructos a través de un taller participativo. Resultados: Para pacientes de ensayos clínicos, la aceptación fue relativa. Varios factores influyen en sus preferencias y expectativas, siendo los principales: a) El grado de confiabilidad en los procesos y la precisión de los resultados de los exámenes domiciliarios. b) Las pruebas a distancia, aunque bien aceptadas, dependen de la capacidad de comprender el manejo correcto de la tecnología requerida. c) La teleconsulta, ya muy utilizada y aceptada, no sustituye por completo al encuentro presencial con el médico en fases críticas. La preferencia es por el uso equilibrado de "en persona versus remoto". Conclusión: La aceptación está influenciada por varias variables. Se deben definir estrategias adecuadas para cada caso, para garantizar resultados seguros y confiables, con equilibrio entre presencial y remoto, a través de la participación activa de los pacientes en la toma de decisiones

In vitro leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities of the glycoalkaloids from Solanum lycocarpum (Solanaceae) fruits.

Leishmaniasis is an infection caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania and is the second most prevalent parasitic protozoal disease after malaria in the world. We report the in vitro leishmanicidal activity on promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis and cytotoxicity, using LLCMK2 cells, of the glycoalkaloids from the fruits of Solanum lycocarpum, determined by colorimetric methods. The alkaloidic extract was obtained by acid-base extraction; solamargine and solasonine were isolated by silica-gel chromatography, followed by reversed-phase HPLC final purification. The alkaloidic extract, solamargine, solasonine, as well as the equimolar mixture of the glycoalkaloids solamargine and solasonine displayed leishmanicidal activity against promastigote forms of L. amazonensis, whereas the aglycone solasodine was inactive. After 24 and 72 h of incubation, most of the samples showed lower cytotoxicities (IC50 6.5 to 124 µM) as compared to leishmanicidal activity (IC50 1.1 to 23.6 µM). The equimolar mixture solamargine/solasonine was the most active with an IC50 value of 1.1 µM, after 72 h. Likewise, solamargine was the most active after 24 h with an IC50 value of 14.4 µM, both in comparison with the positive control amphotericin B.

Ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse by Zymomonas mobilis using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process.

Considerable efforts have been made to utilize agricultural and forest residues as biomass feedstock for the production of second-generation bioethanol as an alternative fuel. Fermentation utilizing strains of Zymomonas mobilis and the use of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process has been proposed. Statistical experimental design was used to optimize the conditions of SSF, evaluating solid content, enzymatic load, and cell concentration. The optimum conditions were found to be solid content (30%), enzymatic load (25 filter paper units/g), and cell concentration (4 g/L), resulting in a maximum ethanol concentration of 60 g/L and a volumetric productivity of 1.5 g L(-1) h(-1).