Aspiração endotraqueal em paciente crítico: elaboração e validação de um checklist / Endotracheal aspiration in critically ill patients: development and validation of a checklist / Aspiración endotraqueal en pacientes críticos: desarrollo y validación de una lista de verificación

Objetivo: Elaborar e validar um instrumento, tipo checklist, para identificar a adesão às recomendações, no procedimento de aspiração endotraqueal, em pacientes críticos sob ventilação mecânica, segundo as Diretrizes de Práticas Clínicas da American Association for Respiratory Care. Método: Estudo metodológico, transversal e com abordagem quantitativa. Realizou-se a elaboração de um checklist para procedimentos de aspiração endotraqueal, em pacientes críticos sob ventilação mecânica, submetidos ao processo de validação aparente e de conteúdo. Foi aplicado pré-teste, com dez procedimentos e análise de confiabilidade interobservadores, com a amostra de 116 procedimentos, no período de janeiro a outubro de 2021. Resultados: Na fase de validação aparente e de conteúdo, cinco juízes avaliaram o instrumento. No pré-teste, não se identificou a necessidade de adequabilidade dos itens, permanecendo, assim, a segunda versão como a versão final do instrumento, com 35 itens. Foi realizada análise de confiabilidade interobservadores, por dois enfermeiros, sendo que a maioria dos itens apresentou força de concordância ótima, com índice acima de 81%, demonstrando exato acordo nas leituras pelos dois observadores. Os valores do coeficiente Kappa variaram de regular a perfeito (0,338 a 0,982; p<0,001), e a confiabilidade foi considerada excelente (ICC= 0,918). Conclusão: O checklist é considerado válido e confiável (AU).

Objective: To develop and validate a checklist-type instrument to identify adherence to recommendations in the endotracheal aspiration procedure in critically ill patients under mechanical ventilation, according to the Clinical Practice Guidelines of the American Association for Respiratory Care. Method: Methodological, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. A checklist was elaborated for endotracheal aspiration procedures in critically ill patients under mechanical ventilation and submitted to the apparent and content validation process. Applied pre-test, with ten procedures and inter-observer reliability analysis, with a sample of 116 procedures from January to October 2021. Results: In the apparent and content validation phase, five judges evaluated the instrument. In the pre-test, the need for adequacy of the items was not identified, thus remaining the second version as the final version of the instrument, with 35 items. An inter-observer reliability analysis was carried out by two nurses, most of the items showed excellent agreement, with an index above 81%, demonstrating exact agreement in the readings by the two observers. Kappa coefficient values ranged from fair to perfect (0.338 to 0.982; p<0.001), and reliability was considered excellent (ICC= 0.918). Conclusion: The checklist is considered valid and reliable (AU).

Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar un instrumento tipo lista de verificación para identificar la adherencia a las recomendaciones en el procedimiento de aspiración endotraqueal en pacientes críticos bajo ventilación mecánica, según las Guías de Práctica Clínica de la Asociación Americana de Cuidados Respiratorios. Método: Estudio metodológico, transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Se elaboró una lista de verificación para los procedimientos de aspiración endotraqueal en pacientes críticos bajo ventilación mecánica y se sometió al proceso de validación aparente y de contenido. Pretest aplicado, con diez procedimientos y análisis de confiabilidad interobservador, con una muestra de 116 procedimientos de enero a octubre de 2021. Resultados: En la fase de validación aparente y de contenido, cinco jueces evaluaron el instrumento. En el pre-test no se identificó la necesidad de adecuación de los ítems, quedando la segunda versión como la versión final del instrumento, con 35 ítems. Se realizó un análisis de confiabilidad interobservador por dos enfermeros, la mayoría de los ítems presentaron excelente fuerza de concordancia, con índice superior al 81%, demostrando concordancia exacta en las lecturas de los dos observadores. Los valores del coeficiente Kappa variaron de regular a perfecto (0,338 a 0,982; p<0,001), y la confiabilidad fue considerada excelente (ICC= 0,918). Conclusión: La lista de verificación se considera válida y confiable (AU).

Teste do pezinho: condições materno-fetais que podem interferir no exame em recém-nascidos atendidos na unidade de terapia intensiva / Heel prick test: maternal-fetal conditions that may have an effect on the test results in newborns admitted to the intensive care unit

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as características do teste do pezinho dos neonatos atendidos na unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital universitário, bem como verificar se existiam condições maternas e fetais que pudessem interferir no resultado desse exame. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo longitudinal de abordagem quantitativa que avaliou 240 prontuários médicos. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: Houve predomínio de gestantes com idades entre 20 a 34 anos, com Ensino Médio completo e que realizaram mais de seis consultas pré-natais. As intercorrências ou patologias maternas ocorreram em 60% das mães, e a maioria (67,5%) não apresentou nenhuma condição que pudesse interferir no resultado do teste do pezinho. A maioria dos neonatos era prematura e exibiu baixo peso ao nascimento. Cerca de 90% dos neonatos exibiram condições que poderiam influenciar no exame, principalmente prematuridade, nutrição parenteral e transfusão sanguínea. Dos 240 neonatos, 25% apresentaram resultado alterado no teste do pezinho, sobretudo para fibrose cística e hiperplasia adrenal congênita. Conclusão: Existem condições maternas e neonatais que podem interferir no teste do pezinho e, nesse sentido, sua investigação é imprescindível, visando direcionar ações que promovam a saúde materno-infantil e consolidem a triagem neonatal nessa população.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the characteristics of the heel prick test in newborns admitted to the intensive care unit of a university hospital as well as to determine whether maternal and fetal conditions could have affected the results of this test. Methods: Retrospective longitudinal study with a quantitative approach that evaluated 240 medical records. The data collected were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis. Results: There was a predominance of pregnant women aged 20 to 34 years who had a complete secondary education and who had more than six prenatal care visits. Maternal complications or pathologies occurred in 60% of the mothers, and most (67.5%) did not present any condition that could have affected the heel prick test results. Most newborns were premature and exhibited low birth weight. Approximately 90% of newborns exhibited conditions that could have influenced the test, especially prematurity, parenteral nutrition and blood transfusion. Of the 240 newborns, 25% had abnormal heel prick test results, especially for cystic fibrosis and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Conclusion: There are maternal and neonatal conditions that can affect heel prick test results, and therefore, their investigation is essential, aiming to guide measures that promote mother and child health and consolidate neonatal screening in this population.

Heel prick test: maternal-fetal conditions that may have an effect on the test results in newborns admitted to the intensive care unit. / Teste do pezinho: condições materno-fetais que podem interferir no exame em recém-nascidos atendidos na unidade de terapia intensiva.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of the heel prick test in newborns admitted to the intensive care unit of a university hospital as well as to determine whether maternal and fetal conditions could have affected the results of this test. METHODS: Retrospective longitudinal study with a quantitative approach that evaluated 240 medical records. The data collected were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis. RESULTS: There was a predominance of pregnant women aged 20 to 34 years who had a complete secondary education and who had more than six prenatal care visits. Maternal complications or pathologies occurred in 60% of the mothers, and most (67.5%) did not present any condition that could have affected the heel prick test results. Most newborns were premature and exhibited low birth weight. Approximately 90% of newborns exhibited conditions that could have influenced the test, especially prematurity, parenteral nutrition and blood transfusion. Of the 240 newborns, 25% had abnormal heel prick test results, especially for cystic fibrosis and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. CONCLUSION: There are maternal and neonatal conditions that can affect heel prick test results, and therefore, their investigation is essential, aiming to guide measures that promote mother and child health and consolidate neonatal screening in this population.

OBJETIVO: Descrever as características do teste do pezinho dos neonatos atendidos na unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital universitário, bem como verificar se existiam condições maternas e fetais que pudessem interferir no resultado desse exame. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo longitudinal de abordagem quantitativa que avaliou 240 prontuários médicos. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio de gestantes com idades entre 20 a 34 anos, com Ensino Médio completo e que realizaram mais de seis consultas pré-natais. As intercorrências ou patologias maternas ocorreram em 60% das mães, e a maioria (67,5%) não apresentou nenhuma condição que pudesse interferir no resultado do teste do pezinho. A maioria dos neonatos era prematura e exibiu baixo peso ao nascimento. Cerca de 90% dos neonatos exibiram condições que poderiam influenciar no exame, principalmente prematuridade, nutrição parenteral e transfusão sanguínea. Dos 240 neonatos, 25% apresentaram resultado alterado no teste do pezinho, sobretudo para fibrose cística e hiperplasia adrenal congênita. CONCLUSÃO: Existem condições maternas e neonatais que podem interferir no teste do pezinho e, nesse sentido, sua investigação é imprescindível, visando direcionar ações que promovam a saúde materno-infantil e consolidem a triagem neonatal nessa população.

Bioimpedance as an indicator in the distribution of interface pressure in vulnerable regions for pressure ulcers: A preliminary study.

AIM: To examine the influence of body mass index, bioimpedance, and skin folds on the distribution of body interface pressure in regions with the potential to develop pressure ulcers in contact with support surfaces. DESIGN: This was a descriptive and analytical study. METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteer adults were investigated in April 2017. Body mass index, skin folds, waist circumference, bioimpedance, and interface pressure on bony prominences were investigated. Descriptive statistics and correlations were analysed. RESULTS: Peak pressures in the subscapular region presented moderate and significant correlations with body mass index, waist circumference, total and extracellular body water, fat-free mass, and lean mass per body segment. The peak pressure on the right heel showed a moderate correlation with total and extracellular body water, fat-free mass, and lean mass per segment. CONCLUSION: The need for multicenter research was evident, focusing on bioimpedance assessment as a risk factor for the development of pressure ulcers.

Conhecimento e adesão da equipe de enfermagem aos equipamentos de proteção individual / Knowledge and adheerence of the nursing team to the use of the personal protective equipment / Conocimiento y adherencia del personal de enfermería a los equipos de protección personal

OBJETIVO: investigar o conhecimento e a adesão do uso dos equipamentos de proteção individual pelas equipes de Enfermagem das estratégias de saúde da família. MÉTODO: estudo descritivo, transversal de abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 48 profissionais. Foi aplicado questionário semiestruturado, contendo questões fechadas de múltipla escolha. RESULTADOS: ficou evidente o conhecimento dos profissionais sobre o que é risco ocupacional. Houve conhecimento equivocado quanto à definição de riscos biológicos; 75% dos entrevistados não souberam associar os agentes aos tipos de riscos. A maioria relatou utilizar os equipamentos de proteção individual em todos os procedimentos; 13 profissionais referiram ter sofrido acidente de trabalho, sendo que quatro deles não estavam utilizando equipamentos de proteção. CONCLUSÃO: conhecimento parcial acerca da temática e adesão ao uso dos equipamentos, entretanto, os mais utilizados foram jaleco e luva. Sendo assim, é necessário realizar educação permanente para incentivar os profissionais a utilizarem os equipamentos na prática profissional.(AU)

Objective: to investigate the knowledge and adhesion to the use of personal protective equipment by the Nursing teams of the family health strategies. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study of quantitative approach. 48 professionals participated. A semi-structured questionnaire containing multiple-choice closed questions was applied. Results: the knowledge of the professionals about the occupational risk was evident. There was a misconception about the definition of biological risks; 75% of the respondents could not associate the agents with the types of risks. Most reported using personal protective equipment in all procedures; 13 professionals reported having suffered an occupational accident, and four of them were not wearing protective equipment. Conclusion: partial knowledge about the theme and adherence to the use of the equipment; however, the most used were lab coats and gloves. Thus, continuing education is necessary to encourage the professionals to use the equipment in the professional practice.(AU)

Objetivo: investigar el conocimiento y la adherencia del personal de enfermería de estrategias de salud familiar al uso de equipos de protección personal. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal de enfoque cuantitativo. Participaron 48 profesionales. Se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado con preguntas cerradas de opción múltiple. Resultados: se constató el conocimiento de los profesionales sobre el riesgo laboral. Hubo error al definir los riesgos biológicos; el 75% de los encuestados no supieron asociar los agentes con los tipos de riesgos. La mayoría informó haber usado equipo de protección personal en todos los procedimientos; 13 profesionales informaron haber sufrido algún accidente laboral y cuatro comunicaron que no estaban usando equipo de protección en ese momento. Conclusión: conocimiento parcial sobre el tema y adherencia al uso del equipo, sin embargo, los más utilizados fueron delantal y guantes. Por lo tanto, la educación continua es necesaria para alentar a los profesionales a usar el equipo en la práctica profesional.(AU)

Mortality by sickle cell disease in Brazil.

This work aimed to characterize mortality by sickle cell disease in Brazil. The MEDLINE electronic database was searched using the terms 'mortality' and 'sickle cell disease' and 'Brazil' for articles published in the last five years aiming to provide a current analysis of the subject in question. Eight studies on mortality by sickle cell disease were carried out in the Brazilian states of Maranhão, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Mato Grosso do Sul. The majority of the deaths occurred in patients with sickle cell anemia, which is the most common genotype and causes the most severe clinical manifestation of the disease. In summary, there are few published studies on mortality related to sickle cell disease in Brazil, and most are from the state of Minas Gerais. This study emphasizes the importance of developing more studies on sickle cell disease mortality, so that it may be possible to profile gene carriers and give health professionals more data to strategize the delivery of more effective assistance to these individuals. Despite the early diagnosis of sickle cell disease by the Neonatal Screening Program and the use of preventive and therapeutic measures (penicillin, immunization and hydroxyurea), mortality by sickle cell disease on the world stage is still significant.

Mortality by sickle cell disease in Brazil

Abstract This work aimed to characterize mortality by sickle cell disease in Brazil. The MEDLINE electronic database was searched using the terms ‘mortality' and ‘sickle cell disease' and ‘Brazil' for articles published in the last five years aiming to provide a current analysis of the subject in question. Eight studies on mortality by sickle cell disease were carried out in the Brazilian states of Maranhão, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Mato Grosso do Sul. The majority of the deaths occurred in patients with sickle cell anemia, which is the most common genotype and causes the most severe clinical manifestation of the disease. In summary, there are few published studies on mortality related to sickle cell disease in Brazil, and most are from the state of Minas Gerais. This study emphasizes the importance of developing more studies on sickle cell disease mortality, so that it may be possible to profile gene carriers and give health professionals more data to strategize the delivery of more effective assistance to these individuals. Despite the early diagnosis of sickle cell disease by the Neonatal Screening Program and the use of preventive and therapeutic measures (penicillin, immunization and hydroxyurea), mortality by sickle cell disease on the world stage is still significant.