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1.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528847

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to compare the subgingival microbiota of subjects with and without breast cancer (BC). Patients with BC (Group 1; n= 50) and without BC (Group 2; n=50) with periodontitis (A) and without periodontitis (B). The study was conducted in two phases (P1 and P2). One biofilm sample was collected from each subject and analyzed by DNA-DNA Hybridization (Checkerboard DNA-DNA). The relative abundance of the subgingival microbiota differed between the Case and Control groups. However, some species were higher in patients in the Case than in Control subjects and differed between the groups in both phases. Composition of the subgingival microbial community according to the Socransky complex was related to periodontal disease, followed by clinical attachment of level (CAL ≥4mm), age, and tooth loss, which were found to be abundant in Cases when compared with controls. Patients with Tumor Grade II and III had a higher prevalence of tooth loss and CAL≥4mm. It was concluded that in individuals with BC, the sub-gingival microbiota exhibited atypical changes, but they developed periodontal disease.


El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la microbiota subgingival de sujetos con y sin cáncer de mama (CM). Pacientes con CM (Grupo 1; n= 50) y sin CM (Grupo 2; n=50) con periodontitis (A) y sin periodontitis (B). El estudio se realizó en das fases (P1 y P2). Se recogió una muestra de biopelícula de cada sujeto y se analizó mediante hibridación ADN-ADN (tablero de ajedrez ADN-ADN). La abundancia relativa de la microbiota subgingival difirió entre los grupos de Caso y Control. Sin embargo, algunas especies fueron más altas en los pacientes del Caso que en los sujetos del Control y difirieron entre los grupos en ambas fases. La composición de la comunidad microbiana subgingival según el complejo de Socransky se relacionó con la enfermedad periodontal, seguida por el nivel de inserción clínica (CAL≥4mm), la edad y la pérdida de dientes, que se mostró abundante en los casos en comparación con los controles. Los pacientes con Tumor Grado II y III tuvieron mayor prevalencia de pérdida dental y CAL≥4mm. Se concluyó que en individuos con CM la microbiota subgingival presentó cambios atípicos, pero sin embargo, desarrollaron enfermedad periodontal.

2.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 28(2): e174-e182, mar. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-216699

ABSTRACT

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignant head and neck tumor, excluding the nonmelanoma skin cancer. Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment, the disease's mortality rate is nonetheless high. The presence of isolated neoplastic cells or small clusters of up to four cells at the tumor's invasive front, named tumor budding, is associated with a worse prognosis in OSCC. Angiogenesis has also been recognized as a determining factor in the progression of malignancies and in the development of metastases. Several studies have investigated the assessment of microvascular density (MVD) as a potential prognostic factor in OSCC. This study aimed to evaluate, in OSCC, differences in MVD between tumors with high-intensity tumor budding and tumors with low-intensity or no tumor budding. In samples with high-intensity tumor budding, differences in MVD between the budding area and the area outside the budding were also evaluated. Moreover, the study assessed differences in MVD concerning clinicopathological characteristics such as sex, age, tobacco smoking, tumor location and tumor size. Material and methods: One hundred and fifty [150] samples of OSCC were subjected to immunohistochemistry to assess the intensity of tumor budding (by immunostaining for multi-cytokeratin) and MVD (by immunostaining for CD34 and CD105, independently). The data were treated using descriptive and analytical statistics. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology , Receptors, Cell Surface , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck , Receptor, ErbB-2 , Biomarkers, Tumor
3.
Head Neck Pathol ; 17(2): 371-382, 2023 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36480090

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Notwithstanding recent advances in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) management, its mortality rate is still high. It is imperative to investigate new parameters that are complementary to clinical staging for OSCC to provide better prognostic insight. The presence of isolated neoplastic cells or small clusters of up to four cells at the tumor's invasive front, called tumor budding, is a morphological marker of OSCC with prognostic value. Increased lymphatic vascular density (LVD) and a high expression of podoplanin in neoplastic cells have also been associated with worse prognosis in OSCC. To investigate these markers in OSCC, we evaluated differences in LVD and the expression of podoplanin in neoplastic cells between tumors with high-intensity tumor budding versus low-intensity or no tumor budding. In the samples of high-intensity budding, differences in those parameters between the​​ budding area and the area outside the budding were also evaluated. Furthermore, the study assessed differences in LVD and in the expression of podoplanin in neoplastic cells concerning OSCC clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS: To those ends, we subjected 150 samples of OSCC to immunohistochemistry to evaluate the intensity of tumor budding (via multi-cytokeratin immunostaining). Moreover, the 150 samples of OSCC and 15 specimens of normal oral mucosa (used as a control) were employed to assess LVD and the expression of podoplanin (in neoplastic cells of OSCC and in the lining epithelium of normal oral mucosa), both via podoplanin immunostaining. Data were processed into descriptive and analytical statistics. RESULTS: No differences were observed neither in the LVD nor in the expression of podoplanin in neoplastic cells concerning sex, age, tobacco smoking, tumor location and tumor size. The LVD was greater in OSCC and in tumors with high-intensity budding than in normal mucosa but did not differ between normal mucosa and tumors with low-intensity or no tumor budding. The data analyses also revealed that LVD was greater in tumors with high-intensity tumor budding than in tumors with low-intensity or no budding and showed no difference in LVD between the budding area and the area outside the budding. When compared to the lining epithelium of the normal mucosa, the expression of podoplanin was greater in neoplastic cells of OSCC, tumors with high-intensity budding and tumors with low-intensity or no tumor budding. The expression of podoplanin in neoplastic cells was also greater in tumors with high-intensity budding and, within those tumors, greater in the budding area than in the area outside de budding. CONCLUSION: Those findings support the hypothesis that tumor budding is a biological phenomenon associated with the progression and biological behavior of OSCC.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Mouth Neoplasms , Humans , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Microvascular Density , Prognosis , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
4.
Rev Rene (Online) ; 24: e88610, 2023. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1514679

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo identificar intervenções de enfermagem para prevenção de quedas em pessoas idosas hospitalizadas. Métodos revisão integrativa desenvolvida nas bases de dados Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL e LILACS utilizando a estratégia PICo com descritores controlados e suas combinações mediante os operadores booleanos AND e OR. Incluíram-se estudos abordando as intervenções para prevenção de quedas em pessoas idosas no contexto hospitalar, sem limitação geográfica ou de idioma, a partir de 2004 com a criação da The World Alliance for Patient Safety. Três revisores trabalharam nas citações, com uso do EndNote basic e Rayyan, alcançando amostra final de 20 estudos. Resultados foram identificadas 202 intervenções de enfermagem para prevenção de quedas em pessoas idosas hospitalizadas, categorizadas em seis domínios da Nursing Interventions Classification (Fisiológico: básico; Fisiológico: complexo; Comportamental; Segurança; Família; Sistemas de Saúde). Conclusão identificaram-se intervenções de enfermagem para prevenção de quedas em pessoas idosas hospitalizadas, o que fornece subsídios para construção de protocolos assistenciais e melhorias da assistência. Contribuições para a prática: os resultados permitem que o enfermeiro possa prevenir a ocorrência de quedas, pondo em prática achados científicos consistentes desde o planejamento de ações até a execução e reavaliação dos resultados com a equipe.


ABSTRACT Objective to identify nursing interventions for fall prevention in hospitalized aged people. Methods integrative review developed on the Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL and LILACS databases using the PICo strategy with controlled descriptors and their combinations using the Boolean operators AND and OR. Studies addressing interventions to prevent falls in aged people in the hospital setting were included, without geographical or language limitation, from 2004 with the creation of The World Alliance for Patient Safety. Three reviewers worked on the citations, using EndNote basic and Rayyan, reaching a final sample of 20 studies. Results 202 nursing interventions were identified for fall prevention in hospitalized aged people, categorized into six domains of the Nursing Interventions Classification (Physiological: basic; Physiological: complex; Behavioral; Safety; Family; Health Systems). Conclusion nursing interventions were identified for the prevention of falls in hospitalized aged people, which provides subsidies for the construction of care protocols and improvements in care. Contributions to practice: the results allow nurses to prevent the occurrence of falls, putting into practice consistent scientific findings from the planning of actions to the execution and reassessment of results with the team.


Subject(s)
Accidental Falls , Aged , Nursing , Accident Prevention , Hospitalization
5.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 27(9): 5224-5242, 2023.
Article in French | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1510427

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica acerca das estratégias educativas, baseadas em evidências, utilizadas no processo de ensino aprendizagem em enfermagem à luz da abordagem da aprendizagem significativa. Método: Revisão integrativa desenvolvida de acordo com as etapas: identificação do tema e seleção da hipótese de pesquisa; estabelecimento dos critérios de elegibilidade; identificação dos estudos nas bases científicas/categorização dos estudos; avaliação dos estudos selecionados; análise crítica e interpretação dos resultados; apresentação dos dados na estrutura da revisão integrativa. Resultados: Diferentes estratégias educativas baseadas na aprendizagem significativa foram identificadas tais como: mapa conceitual, estudo de caso, uso de simulador, cursos on-line e jogos. Como principais resultados das intervenções, observou-se a promoção da aprendizagem significativa e o desenvolvimento do raciocínio reflexivo e crítico em estudantes e profissionais de enfermagem, atuando como sujeitos de sua própria práxis. Conclusão: A aprendizagem significativa é uma linha pedagógica fundamental, devendo ser inserida no processo de educação em diversas áreas do saber. Dessa maneira, foi possível identificar que a mesma ancorou estratégias de ensino que se mostraram eficazes, com destaque para o uso de mapas conceituais e as tecnologias educacionais digitais.


Objective: To analyze the scientific production about educational strategies, based on evidence, used in the teaching-learning process in nursing in the light of the meaningful learning approach. Method: Integrative review developed according to the steps: identification of the theme and selection of the research hypothesis; establishment of eligibility criteria; identification of studies in scientific bases/categorization of studies; evaluation of selected studies; critical analysis and interpretation of results; presentation of data in the framework of the integrative review. Results: Different educational strategies based on meaningful learning were identified, such as: conceptual map, case study, use of simulator, online courses and games. As main results of the interventions, it was observed the promotion of meaningful learning and the development of reflective and critical reasoning in students and nursing professionals, acting as subjects of their own praxis. Conclusion: Meaningful learning is a fundamental pedagogical line and should be inserted in the education process in several areas of knowledge. In this way, it was possible to identify that it anchored teaching strategies that proved to be effective, with emphasis on the use of concept maps and digital educational technologies.


Objetivo: Analizar la producción científica sobre estrategias educativas basadas en la evidencia utilizadas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en enfermería a la luz del enfoque del aprendizaje significativo. Método: Revisión integrativa desarrollada de acuerdo con los siguientes pasos: identificación del tema y selección de la hipótesis de investigación; establecimiento de criterios de elegibilidad; identificación de estudios en bases de datos científicas/categorización de estudios; evaluación de los estudios seleccionados; análisis crítico e interpretación de los resultados; presentación de los datos en la estructura de revisión integrativa. Resultados: Se identificaron distintas estrategias educativas basadas en el aprendizaje significativo como: mapa conceptual, estudio de casos, uso de simulador, cursos online y juegos. Los principales resultados de las intervenciones fueron la promoción del aprendizaje significativo y el desarrollo del pensamiento reflexivo y crítico en estudiantes y profesionales de enfermería, actuando como sujetos de su propia praxis. Conclusión: El aprendizaje significativo es una línea pedagógica fundamental y debe insertarse en el proceso educativo en diversas áreas del conocimiento. Así, fue posible identificar que ancló estrategias de enseñanza que se mostraron eficaces, con énfasis en el uso de mapas conceptuales y tecnologías educativas digitales.

6.
Life (Basel) ; 11(11)2021 Nov 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34833073

ABSTRACT

Rice bran oil is a highly nutritious vegetable oil, as it is rich in tocols and γ-oryzanol. Degumming is the first step in the vegetable oil refining process, and its main objective is the removal of phospholipids or gums. In the present study, enzymatic degumming trials were performed on crude rice bran oil using the phospholipases PLA1, Purifine® PLC, their mixture (PLA1/PLC), and a cocktail known as Purifine® 3G. Enzymatic degumming applying 50 mg/kg of PLA1 for 120 min resulted in a residual phosphorus content of 10.4 mg/kg and an absolute free fatty acid increase of 0.30%. Enzymatic degumming applying 300 mg/kg of Purifine® PLC for 120 min at 60 °C resulted in a residual phosphorus content of 67 mg/kg and an absolute diacylglycerol increase of 0.41%. The mixture of phospholipases and the cocktail presented approximately 5 mg/kg of residual phosphorus content after the reaction times. For all degumming processes, the preservation of minor components such as tocols and γ-oryzanol were observed. These results indicate that the use of enzyme mixtures or their cocktails to attain low phosphorus content and high diacylglycerol/free fatty acid conversion during enzymatic degumming is a viable alternative.

7.
Clin Oral Investig ; 25(2): 759-767, 2021 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33222054

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study estimated the prevalence, genotype distribution, and the factors associated with oral human papillomavirus (HPV) in people who use crack-cocaine (PWUCC) in a remote Brazilian region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study used community-based snowball sampling methods for participant recruitment. Socio-demographic, economic, drug use, and health-related information was collected from 278 PWUCC in the cities of Bragança and Capanema in northern Brazil. HPV diagnosis and genotyping were performed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression identified the factors independently associated with oral HPV. RESULTS: In total, 111 (39.9%) PWUCC had HPV DNA. Several genotypes were identified, some of them with high oncogenic potential. Crack-cocaine use ≥40 months, unprotected sex, more than 10 sexual partners in the last 12 months, oral sex, exchange of sex for money or illicit drugs, oral mucosa lesions, not having access to public health services, and the absence of vaccination against HPV was all associated with HPV DNA. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified important epidemiological characteristics of oral HPV infection among PWUCC-a highly marginalized risk population-underlining the high prevalence of oral HPV with oncogenic potential and the urgent need for control and prevention measures, especially vaccination against this virus. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: It is necessary to understand the prevalence and risk factors of oral HPV in risk populations as people who use crack-cocaine.


Subject(s)
Alphapapillomavirus , Crack Cocaine , Papillomaviridae , Papillomavirus Infections , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Genotype , Humans , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors
8.
Ciênc. cuid. saúde ; 20: e55696, 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1356126

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar os fatores de risco para quedas em pessoas idosas residentes na comunidade. Métodos: estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, desenvolvido na região Nordeste do Brasil com 221 pessoas idosas residentes na comunidade. A coleta de dados ocorreu de junho a setembro de 2016 com a utilização de instrumentos estruturados. Realizou-se uma análise exploratória dos dados com medidas de tendência central, dispersão e associação entre as variáveis. Resultados: em relação ao perfil, observaram-se faixa etária entre 60 e 79 anos (75,6%); sexo feminino (70,6%); casados (43,9%); até quatro anos de escolaridade (33,9%); renda pessoal mensal de até um salário mínimo (45,7%) proveniente da aposentadoria (60,2%); três a cinco comorbidades (51,6%). Quanto ao risco para quedas, destacou-se como preditores a Fall Risk Score classificada como "alto risco", seguida por medicamentos antiparkinsonianos, antidepressivos e diuréticos, hipoglicemia, deficiência auditiva, dor, incontinência urinária e sintomas neurológicos. Conclusão: faz-se necessário estabelecer ações individuais e coletivas para a prevenção e promoção da saúde diante dos riscos para quedas. A rede de saúde deve trabalhar para possibilitar a conscientização de que as quedas constituem um problema de saúde pública e, por isso, ressalta-se a necessidade de cuidados direcionados, evitando consequências na qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa.


RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar los factores de riesgo para caídas en personas mayores residentes en la comunidad. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo, desarrollado en la región Nordeste de Brasil con 221 personas mayores residentes en la comunidad. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar de junio a septiembre de 2016 con la utilización de instrumentos estructurados. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio de los datos con medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y asociación entre las variables. Resultados: en relación al perfil, se observaron franja etaria entre 60 y 79 años (75,6%); sexo femenino (70,6%); casados (43,9%); hasta cuatro años de escolaridad (33,9%); renta personal mensual de hasta un salario mínimo (45,7%) proveniente de la jubilación (60,2%); tres a cinco comorbilidades (51,6%). En cuanto al riesgo de caídas, se destacó como predictores la FallRisk Score clasificada como "alto riesgo", seguida por fármacosAntiparkinsonianos, antidepresivos y diuréticos, hipoglucemia, deficiencia auditiva, dolor, incontinencia urinaria y síntomas neurológicos. Conclusión: se hace necesario establecer acciones individuales y colectivas para la prevención y promoción de la salud frente a los riesgos para caídas. La red de salud debe trabajar para posibilitar la concienciación de que las caídas constituyen un problema de salud pública y, por eso, se resalta la necesidad de cuidados dirigidos, evitando consecuencias en la calidad de vida de la persona anciana.


ABSTRACT Objective: to assess risk factors for falls in elderly people living in the community. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative study, developed in the Northeast region of Brazil with 221 elderly people living in the community. Data collection took place from June to September 2016 using structured instruments. An exploratory data analysis was performed with measures of central tendency, dispersion, and association between variables. Results: regarding the profile, there was an age group between 60 and 79 years old (75.6%); females (70.6%); married (43.9%); up to four years of education (33.9%); monthly personal income of up to one minimum wage (45.7%) from retirement (60.2%); three to five comorbidities (51.6%). As for the risk of falls, the Fall Risk Score classified as "high risk" stood out as predictors, followed by antiparkinsonian drugs, antidepressants and diuretics, hypoglycemia, hearing loss, pain, urinary incontinence, and neurological symptoms. Conclusion: it is necessary to establish individual and collective actions for the prevention and promotion of health because of the risks of falls. The health network must work to raise awareness that falls are a public health problem and, therefore, the need for targeted care is emphasized, avoiding consequences on the quality of life of elderly people.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Accidental Falls , Aged , Risk Factors , Pain , Primary Health Care , Urinary Incontinence , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Nursing , Diuretics , Disease Prevention , Accident Prevention , Health Promotion , Hypoglycemia , Antidepressive Agents , Antiparkinson Agents
9.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 73 Suppl 3: e20190601, 2020.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32756800

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the concept of "frailty syndrome" in the literature, according to the method proposed by Walker and Avant. METHODS: It is a concept analysis, guided by the method proposed by Walker and Avant, made operational through an integrative literature review. The search in a scientific database was carried out using the descriptors: Frail elderly, syndrome, phenotype, geriatric assessment, and aging. The literary corpus comprised 66 studies. RESULTS: The study found the antecedents and attributes (categorized as physical, sociodemographic, and behavioral/environmental) that integrate the signs and symptoms evidenced in the "frailty syndrome," as well as the consequences of this concept. The variables were analyzed with emphasis on the conceptions that influence the frailty process of the elderly. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated the complexity arising from the multifactorial genesis of the referred syndrome, emphasizing the specificities of the elderly's frailty. However, we recommend conducting further research involving the phenomenon in question to understand the construct better.


Subject(s)
Frailty , Aged , Aging , Frail Elderly , Geriatric Assessment , Humans , Syndrome
10.
Arch Biochem Biophys ; 691: 108487, 2020 09 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32710881

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are molecules with a broad spectrum of activities that have been identified in most living organisms. In addition, synthetic AMPs designed from natural polypeptides have been largely investigated. Here, we designed a novel AMP using the amino acid sequence of a plant trypsin inhibitor from Adenanthera pavonina seeds (ApTI) as a template. The 176 amino acid residues ApTI sequence was cleaved in silico using the Collection of Antimicrobial Peptides (CAMPR3), through the sliding-window method. Further improvements in AMP structure were carried out, resulting in adepamycin, an AMP designed from ApTI. Adepamycin showed antimicrobial activity from 0.9 to 3.6 µM against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus strains. Moreover, this peptide also displayed activity against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. No toxic effects were observed on healthy human cells. Studies on the mechanism of action of adepamycin were carried out using an E. coli and C. tropicalis. Adepamycin triggers membrane disturbances, leading to intracellular nucleic acids release in E. coli. For C. tropicalis, an initial interference with the plasma membrane integrity is followed by the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to apoptosis. Structurally, adepamycin was submitted to circular dichroism spectroscopy, molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulations, revealing an environment-dependent α-helical structure in the presence of 2,2,2- trifluoroethanol (TFE) and in contact with mimetic vesicles/membranes. Therefore, adepamycin represents a novel lytic AMP with dual antibacterial and antifungal properties.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/pharmacology , Amino Acid Sequence , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/toxicity , Antifungal Agents/chemical synthesis , Antifungal Agents/toxicity , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/chemical synthesis , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/toxicity , Bacteria/drug effects , Candida albicans/drug effects , Candida tropicalis/drug effects , Cell Membrane/metabolism , Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects , Fabaceae/chemistry , Hemolysis/drug effects , Humans , Lipid Bilayers/chemistry , Lipid Bilayers/metabolism , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Dynamics Simulation , Phosphatidylglycerols/chemistry
11.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 73(supl.3): e20190601, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1125950

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the concept of "frailty syndrome" in the literature, according to the method proposed by Walker and Avant. Methods: It is a concept analysis, guided by the method proposed by Walker and Avant, made operational through an integrative literature review. The search in a scientific database was carried out using the descriptors: Frail elderly, syndrome, phenotype, geriatric assessment, and aging. The literary corpus comprised 66 studies. Results: The study found the antecedents and attributes (categorized as physical, sociodemographic, and behavioral/environmental) that integrate the signs and symptoms evidenced in the "frailty syndrome," as well as the consequences of this concept. The variables were analyzed with emphasis on the conceptions that influence the frailty process of the elderly. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the complexity arising from the multifactorial genesis of the referred syndrome, emphasizing the specificities of the elderly's frailty. However, we recommend conducting further research involving the phenomenon in question to understand the construct better.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el concepto "síndrome del anciano frágil", en la literatura, según el método propuesto por Walker y Avant. Métodos: Se trata de un análisis de concepto, orientada por el método propuesto por Walker y Avant, es operacionada mediante revisión integrativa de la literatura. La búsqueda en base de datos científicos ha sido efectuada utilizándose los descriptores: Frail elderly, syndrome, phenotype, geriatric assessment y aging. Para componer el corpus literario, han sido seleccionados 66 estudios. Resultados: Se ha constatado los antecedentes y atributos (categorizados en físicos, sociodemográficos, y comportamentales/ambientales) que integran los señales y síntomas evidenciados en el "síndrome del anciano frágil", así como los consecuentes del referido concepto. Ha procedido al análisis de las variables con destaque para las concepciones que influencian el proceso de fragilidad del anciano. Conclusión: El estudio demostró la complejidad proveniente de la génesis multifactorial del referido síndrome, resaltando las especificidades de la fragilidad del anciano. Sin embargo, se recomienda la realización de nuevas investigaciones envolviendo el fenómeno en cuestión para mejor comprensión del constructo.


RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o conceito "síndrome do idoso frágil", na literatura, de acordo com o método proposto por Walker e Avant. Métodos: Trata-se de uma análise de conceito, orientada pelo método proposto por Walker e Avant, operacionalizada mediante revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca em base de dados científicos foi efetivada utilizando-se os descritores: Frail elderly, syndrome, phenotype, geriatric assessment e aging. Para compor o corpus literário, foram elencados 66 estudos. Resultados: Constataram-se os antecedentes e atributos (categorizados em físicos, sociodemográficos, e comportamentais/ambientais) que integram os sinais e sintomas evidenciados na "síndrome do idoso frágil", bem como os consequentes do referido conceito. Procedeu-se à análise das variáveis com destaque para as concepções que influenciam o processo de fragilização do idoso. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou a complexidade proveniente da gênese multifatorial da referida síndrome, ressaltando as especificidades da fragilidade do idoso. Contudo, recomenda-se a realização de novas pesquisas envolvendo o fenômeno em questão para melhor compreensão do constructo.

12.
Diagn. tratamento ; 24(2): [59-63], abr - jun 2019. tab, fig
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1015338

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Com o crescimento contínuo das informações disponíveis na área da saúde, é fundamental que o profissional da saúde desenvolva habilidades e competências para realizar buscas de evidências cientificas. Objetivo: Apresentar as principais bases da área da saúde e os mecanismos de busca específicos para cada uma delas. Métodos: Estudo descritivo desenvolvido na Disciplina de Medicina Baseada em Evidências da Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp). Resultados: Este estudo apresentou os quatro passos do processo de busca em uma base de dados científica da área da saúde: (1) identificação da pergunta estruturada por meio dos acrônimos PICO/PECO, (2) escolha da base de dados (3) escolha e uso dos descritores em saúde apropriados para cada base (DeCS/MeSH/EMTREE) e (4) escolha e uso dos operadores booleanos (AND/OR/AND NOT). Conclusão: O processo de elaboração de uma estratégia de busca para bases de dados da área da saúde pode ser estruturado em quatro passos iniciais, que vão da identificação da pergunta estruturada ao uso dos operadores booleanos. Apropriar-se destes passos é fundamental para conseguir elaborar uma estratégia de busca adequada, capaz de recuperar os estudos de interesse e que abordem realmente a pergunta proposta.


Subject(s)
Epidemiology, Descriptive , Databases, Bibliographic , Evidence-Based Medicine , Medical Subject Headings , Methodology as a Subject , Search Engine
13.
Rev Bras Epidemiol ; 22: e190010, 2019 Mar 14.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30892473

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the trends in hospitalization and mortality rates for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) among older adults in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 2008 to 2015. METHOD: Ecological time-series study based on data from the Hospital Information System (Sistema de Informações Hospitalares - SIH) of the public health system (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS), using hospital admission authorization forms as data source, from 2008 to 2015, in Santa Catarina. Data were analyzed by gender and age, which was stratified into two age groups: 60 to 79 years and 80 years or older. We standardized age rates using the direct method and statistical analysis using segmented linear regression (joinpoint regression). RESULTS: Sensitive conditions led to 41% of total hospitalizations of older adults in 2008 and 32% in 2015. The annual rate variation decreased [-4.6^ 95%CI (-5.7; -3.6)]. The most prevalent causes were: heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cerebrovascular diseases. Hospitalization mortality rates dropped, regardless of gender and in the age group up to 80 years, representing an annual variation of -2.4%, with -2.1% for males and -2.7% for females. CONCLUSION: Analyzing the ACSC indicator, which evaluates the quality and effectiveness of primary care, the results of this research revealed a reduction in hospitalization rates among older adults, regardless of gender and age groups established in this study.


OBJETIVO: Analisar a tendência das taxas de internação e de mortalidade de idosos por condições sensíveis à atenção primária (CSAP) no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, no período de 2008 a 2015. MÉTODO: Estudo ecológico de série temporal, com dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH) do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), utilizando as autorizações de internações hospitalares como fonte de dados, no período de 2008 a 2015, em Santa Catarina. Os dados foram analisados por sexo e idade, estratificada em duas faixas etárias: 60a 79 anos e 80 anos ou mais. Foram realizadas a padronização das taxas por idade através do método direto e a análise estatística por meio de regressão linear segmentada (joinpoint regression). RESULTADOS: Asinternações por condições sensíveis representaram 41% do total de internações de idosos em 2008 e 32% em 2015. Avariação anual da taxa comportou-se de maneira decrescente [-4,6


Subject(s)
Hospital Mortality/trends , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/trends , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Ambulatory Care , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Health Services for the Aged/statistics & numerical data , Hospital Information Systems , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Primary Health Care , Sex Factors
14.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 22: e190010, 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-990743

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a tendência das taxas de internação e de mortalidade de idosos por condições sensíveis à atenção primária (CSAP) no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, no período de 2008 a 2015. Método: Estudo ecológico de série temporal, com dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH) do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), utilizando as autorizações de internações hospitalares como fonte de dados, no período de 2008 a 2015, em Santa Catarina. Os dados foram analisados por sexo e idade, estratificada em duas faixas etárias: 60a 79 anos e 80 anos ou mais. Foram realizadas a padronização das taxas por idade através do método direto e a análise estatística por meio de regressão linear segmentada (joinpoint regression). Resultados: Asinternações por condições sensíveis representaram 41% do total de internações de idosos em 2008 e 32% em 2015. Avariação anual da taxa comportou-se de maneira decrescente [-4,6^ IC (-5,7; -3,6)]. As causas mais prevalentes foram: insuficiência cardíaca, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e doenças cerebrovasculares. As taxas de mortalidade das internações apresentaram redução, independentemente do sexo e na faixa etária até 80 anos, representando variação anual de menos 2,4%, 2,1% para os idosos e 2,7% para as idosas. Conclusão: Por meio da análise do indicador CSAP, que avalia a qualidade da assistência e a efetividade dos cuidados prestados na atenção primária, os resultados desta pesquisa evidenciaram queda nas taxas de internação de idosos, independentemente do sexo e das faixas etárias estabelecidas no estudo.


ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the trends in hospitalization and mortality rates for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) among older adults in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 2008 to 2015. Method: Ecological time-series study based on data from the Hospital Information System (Sistema de Informações Hospitalares - SIH) of the public health system (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS), using hospital admission authorization forms as data source, from 2008 to 2015, in Santa Catarina. Data were analyzed by gender and age, which was stratified into two age groups: 60 to 79 years and 80 years or older. We standardized age rates using the direct method and statistical analysis using segmented linear regression (joinpoint regression). Results: Sensitive conditions led to 41% of total hospitalizations of older adults in 2008 and 32% in 2015. The annual rate variation decreased [-4.6^ 95%CI (-5.7; -3.6)]. The most prevalent causes were: heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cerebrovascular diseases. Hospitalization mortality rates dropped, regardless of gender and in the age group up to 80 years, representing an annual variation of -2.4%, with -2.1% for males and -2.7% for females. Conclusion: Analyzing the ACSC indicator, which evaluates the quality and effectiveness of primary care, the results of this research revealed a reduction in hospitalization rates among older adults, regardless of gender and age groups established in this study.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hospital Mortality/trends , Hospitalization/trends , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care , Brazil/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Age Factors , Hospital Information Systems , Ambulatory Care , Health Services for the Aged/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged
15.
Pathog Glob Health ; 112(8): 438-447, 2018 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30570384

ABSTRACT

The biological activities and the structural arrangement of adevonin, a novel antimicrobial peptide, were investigated. The trypsin inhibitor ApTI, isolated from Adenanthera pavonina seeds, was used as a template for screening 18-amino acid peptides with predicted antimicrobial activity. Adevonin presented antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 1.86 to 7.35 µM against both Gram-positive and - negative bacterial strains. Moreover, adevonin exerted time-kill effects within 10 min and both susceptible and drug-resistant bacterial strains were affected by the peptide. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that, at MIC concentration, adevonin did not affect human fibroblasts (MRC-5) viability or Galleria mellonella survival, respectively. Hemolytic activity was observed only at high peptide concentrations. Additionally, nucleic acid efflux assays, gentian violet uptake and time-kill kinetics indicate that the antimicrobial activity of adevonin may be mediated by bacterial membrane damage. Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulation in the presence of SDS micelles and anionic membrane bilayers showed that adevonin acquired a stable α-helix secondary structure. Further studies are encouraged to better understand the mechanism of action of adevonin, as well as to investigate the anti-infective activity of this peptide.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/genetics , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/pharmacology , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology , Trypsin Inhibitors/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents/toxicity , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/toxicity , Biological Assay , Cell Line , Cell Membrane/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Fabaceae/enzymology , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Fibroblasts/physiology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Hemolysis , Humans , Lepidoptera/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Microbial Viability/drug effects , Recombinant Proteins/toxicity , Survival Analysis , Trypsin Inhibitors/toxicity
16.
Rev. bras. ciênc. saúde ; 22(1): 21-26, 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-882220

ABSTRACT

Registros de araneísmo no nordeste do Brasil são escassos e, possivelmente, subestimam a verdadeira situação de risco. Objetivo: analisar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico do araneísmo no período de 2005 a 2013 notificados no Centro de Assistência Toxicológica da Paraíba. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo com dados coletados no banco de dados do Centro de Assistência Toxicológica da Paraíba e em suas fichas de notificação dos acidentes. Resultados: Ocorreram 484 notificações de acidentes com aranhas, nos quais dos 202 casos com identificação de gênero, prevaleceu os acidentes com caranguejeira (57,9%) e Loxosceles (33,2%). Quanto à sazonalidade, os meses com maior número de ocorrências foram agosto, março, janeiro e junho, respectivamente. A maioria dos acidentes ocorreu em zona urbana; o sexo feminino e a faixa etária entre os 21 aos 30 anos foram os mais acometidos; e os membros superiores e os inferiores foram os locais mais atingidos. As principais manifestações clínicas foram dor, eritema, edema e prurido. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que a prevalência do araneísmo pode apresentar relação com o urbanismo, não ocorreu predominância de casos graves. (AU)


Araneism records in northeastern Brazil are scarce and possibly underestimate the actual risk situation. Objective: to analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of araneism during the 2005-2013 period reported in the Toxicological Assistance Center of Paraíba. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive study using data collected from the database of the Toxicological Assistance Center of Paraíba and from accident notification files. Results: There were 484 notifications of accidents with spiders, amongst which only 202 cases identified the spider genus, with a high prevalence of Brazilian spider "caranguejeira" (57.9%) and Loxosceles (33.2%). Regarding seasonality, August, March, January and June, were the months with the highest number of occurrences, respectively. Most accidents occurred in urban areas; females and 21-30 age groups were the most affected ones; and the upper and lower limbs were the most affected parts of the body. The main clinical manifestations were pain, redness, swelling and itching. Conclusion: The results indicate that the prevalence of araneism can be related to urbanism. There was no predominance of severe cases. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Animals, Poisonous , Spiders , Toxicology , Accident Prevention , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies
17.
Rev. enferm. UFPE on line ; 11(6): 2368-2374, jun. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1032156

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção de pessoas com doenças crônicas acerca da internação. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa. Foram entrevistadas 15 pessoas com doenças crônicas nas Clínicas Médicas e Cirúrgicas de um Hospital Universitário do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram produzidos a partir de um roteiro que subsidiou as entrevistas semiestruturadas, gravadas, transcritas e analisadas pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, na modalidade Análise Categorial. Resultados: foram elucidadas as categorias que desvelam a elaboração de significados acerca do processo de adoecimento, da compreensão e ressignificação de sentimentos e do reconhecimento de necessidades para o cuidado. Conclusão: considerou ser relevante identificar a percepção acerca da internação hospitalar, pois proporciona ampliar a qualidade do cuidado e das ações de educação em saúde.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Self Care , Chronic Disease , Emotions , Life Style , Inpatients , Perception , Diabetes Mellitus , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Hypertension
18.
Rev Rene (Online) ; 16(4): 586-592, jul.-ago. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-776014

ABSTRACT

bjetivo: verificar a associação entre pé doloroso e a incapacidade funcional em idosos. Métodos: estudo descritivo, realizado entre os idosos atendidos em um ambulatório de geriatria de um Hospital Universitário. A amostra constou de 114 idosos que relataram pé doloroso. Dados coletados por meio de entrevista subsidiada por instrumento estruturado, contemplando variáveis demográficas e Índice Manchester de Incapacidade Associada ao Pé Doloroso em Idosos e o Mini Exame do Estado Mental. Resultados: verificou-se alta incidência de pé doloroso entre as mulheres e idosos jovens, bem como significativa incapacidade para realizar determinadas atividades rotineiras. Conclusão: identifica-se a necessidade de atenção especial à saúde do idoso que relata dor nos pés, visto que, este tende a restringir as atividades habituais, causando diminuição da qualidade de vida, imobilização e possíveis episódios de quedas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Geriatric Assessment , Pain , Nursing , Aged , Foot
19.
Environ Monit Assess ; 187(7): 442, 2015 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26088756

ABSTRACT

Water quality monitoring is used to determine the impact of human activities on the environment. We evaluated water quality in the Água Boa stream, located within the municipality of Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, by analyzing physico-chemical, chemical, and microbiological parameters, as well as chlorophyll concentrations. Five sets of water samples were collected between December 2012 and November 2013 from three locations within the stream. The results showed the presence of Escherichia coli and antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas spp. strains and high concentrations of organic matter (total dissolved solids), inorganic species (Mg, Ca, and Fe), and agrochemical residues (thiamethoxam). The main stream water contaminants are derived from urban, industrial, and agricultural activities within the watershed. Given the presence of contaminants, it is important that such findings are disseminated in order to highlight the risks that contact with this water may pose to human health. To preserve the environment and improve site conditions, people would need to participate by demanding that normative national and international standards be respected and that the situation be supervised by the competent governmental agencies; this would make it possible to reverse or minimize contamination problems within the Água Boa stream.


Subject(s)
Rivers/chemistry , Water Microbiology , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Water Pollution/analysis , Water Quality , Agriculture , Benzimidazoles/analysis , Brazil , Carbamates/analysis , Chlorophyll/analysis , Chlorophyll A , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Humans , Industrial Waste , Industry , Metals/analysis , Neonicotinoids , Nitro Compounds/analysis , Oxazines/analysis , Pseudomonas/isolation & purification , Pseudomonas/physiology , Thiamethoxam , Thiazoles/analysis , Water Pollution/statistics & numerical data
20.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 7(2): 2254-2262, abr.-jun. 2015. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-755367

ABSTRACT

Objective: to determine the most frequentpodal changes and their harm in the mobility in elderly outpatients. Method: this descriptive study was conducted with 121 elderly people who were treated in a geriatric outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Data were collected through interviews subsidized by structured tool and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: we observed high incidence of feet problems, especially in women and the young elderly, highlighting foot pain in the majority of respondents. There was also a predominance of elderly with partial independence. Conclusion: it is identified the need for special attention to the health of aged people who reports pain in feet, since this tends to restrict their usual activities, causing decreased quality of life, immobilization and possible falls.


Objetivo: verificar alterações podais mais frequentes e o prejuízo destas na mobilidade de idosos em atendimento ambulatorial. Método: estudo descritivo, realizado com 121 idosos que foram atendidos em um ambulatório de geriatria de um hospital universitário. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista subsidiada por instrumento estruturado e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: verificou-se alta incidência de problemas podais, especialmente nas mulheres e idosos jovens, destacando a ocorrência do pé doloroso na maioria dos entrevistados. Houve também predominância de idosos com independência parcial. Conclusão: identifica-se a necessidade de atenção especial à saúde do idoso que relata dor nos pés, visto que este tende a restringir suas atividades habituais, causando diminuição da qualidade de vida, imobilização e possíveis episódios de quedas.


Objetivo: verificar las modificaciones podales más frecuentes y el perjuicio de estas en la movilidad de ancianos en una clínica geriátrica. Método: estudio descriptivo, realizado con 121 ancianos que fueron asistidos en un ambulatorio de geriatría de un hospital universitario. Los datos fueron recolectados através de entrevistas subvencionadas por instrumento estructurado y analizados mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: se verificó alta incidencia podales, especialmente entre las mujeres y ancianos jóvenes, destacando la ocurrencia del pie doloroso en la mayoría de los encuestados. También hubo un predominio de pacientes de edad avanzada con independencia parcial. Conclusión: se identifica la necesidad de prestar especial atención a salud del anciano que relata dolor en los pies, ya que este tiende a restringir sus actividades diarias, causando disminución de la calidad de vida, inmovilización y posibles episodios de caídas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Foot Diseases/diagnosis , Foot Diseases/nursing , Foot Diseases/prevention & control , Foot Diseases/therapy , Mobility Limitation , Foot , Quality of Life , Brazil
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