Construção e validação da escala unifatorial de autoeficácia acadêmica / Construction and Validation of the Unifactorial Scale of Academic Self-Efficacy / Construcción y Validación de la Escala Unifactorial de Autoeficacia Académica

Este artigo teve por objetivo reunir evidências de validade e precisão da Escala Unifatorial de Autoeficácia Acadêmica (EUAA). Dividida em dois momentos (validação cruzada), esta pesquisa engloba Análise Fatorial Exploratória e Confirmatória. No Estudo 1 participaram 299 estudantes de diversos estados do Brasil, com idade média de 22,24 (DP =3,75), predominância do sexo feminino (69,6%) e estudantes de instituições públicas (88,3%). Os resultados deste estudo indicaram apenas 1 fator com α = 0,93. No Estudo 2 participaram 315 estudantes distribuídos entre os estados brasileiros, com idade média de 23,21 (DP=5,25), em sua maioria mulheres (60%) e oriundos de instituições públicas (95,2%). Os resultados confirmam a unidimensionalidade da escala, com CC = 0,95 e α = 0,91. Todos os indicadores de ajuste foram satisfatórios e dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela literatura. Sugere-se que esta escala seja aplicada em estudos posteriores que queiram investigar os efeitos da autoeficácia acadêmica nos processos de aprendizagem e sucesso acadêmico.

This article aimed to gather evidence of the validity and accuracy of the Unifactorial Scale of Academic Self-Efficacy (EUAA). It was divided into two stages (cross-validation) and encompasses the Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, as well as adjustment indexes. 299 students from various states of Brazil participated in study 1, with an average age of 22.24 (SD = 3.75), predominantly female (69.6%) and students from public institutions (88.3%). The results of this study indicate 1 factor with α = 0.93. 315 students participated in study 2, which were distributed over a number of Brazilian states, with an average age of 23.21 (SD = 5.25), most of whom were female (60%) and from public institutions (95.2%). The results confirm the scale's one-dimensionality, with CC = 0.95 and α = 0.91. All adjustment indices were satisfactory and within the limits established by the literature. The suggestion is to apply this scale in future studies to investigate the effects of academic self-efficacy on learning processes and academic success. Keywords: academic self-efficacy, college student, measuring scale, validity test, cognitive process.

Este artículo tuvo como objetivo reunir pruebas de validez y precisión de la escala unifactorial de autoeficacia académica (EUAA). Dividida en dos etapas (validación cruzada), esta investigación abarca Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y confirmatorio. En el Estudio 1, participaron 299 estudiantes de diversos estados de Brasil, con edad media de 22,24 (SD = 3,75), predominantemente mujeres (69,6%) y de las instituciones públicas (88,3%). Los resultados de este estudio indicaron solamente 1 factor con α = 0,93. En el estudio 2, participaron 315 estudiantes distribuídos entre los estados brasileños, con una edad media de 23,21 (SD = 5,25), en su mayoría mujeres (60%) y oriundos de las instituciones públicas (95,2%). Los resultados confirmaron la unidimensionalidad de la escala, con CC = 0,95 y α = 0,91. Todos los indicadores de ajuste fueron satisfactorios y dentro de los límites establecidos en la literatura. Se sugiere que esta escala sea aplicada en estudios posteriores que quieran investigar los efectos de la autoeficacia académica en los procesos de aprendizaje y éxito académico.

Analysis of air temperature changes on blood pressure and heart rate and performance of undergraduate students.

BACKGROUND: The increase in air temperature has been associated with human deaths, some of which are related to cardiovascular dysfunctions, and with the reduction of physical and cognitive performance in humans. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) and the cognitive performance of students who were submitted to temperature changes in classrooms. METHODS: The university students answered a survey that was adapted from the Battery of Reasoning Tests over 3 consecutive days at different air temperatures while their thermal state and HR were measured. During those 3 days, BP and HR were evaluated before and after the cognitive test. RESULTS: The average and final HR increased at high temperatures; the tests execution time was reduced at high temperatures; and the cognitive tests was related to Mean BP at the beginning of the test, the maximum HR during the test and the air temperature. CONCLUSIONS: The cognitive performance of undergraduate students in the field of engineering and technology will increase while performing activities in a learning environment with an air temperature of approximately 23.3°C (according to their thermal perception), if students have an initial MBP of 93.33 mmHg and a 60 bpm HRmax.