ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage-intake process of goats feeding on Massai grass pastures with different heights (40, 50, 60, and 70 cm). The experimental design was completely randomized, with treatments corresponding to four sward heights with two replicates over time and space. Collected data were related to the forage-intake process and the chemical and morphological composition of the pasture. Grazing trials (45 min) were performed with four Anglo-Nubian crossbred goats. Total forage mass intake, bite mass, and intake rate were expressed in relation to animal weight. Pasture density, forage mass, and leaf blade increased as forage height increased. The chemical composition of forage at the evaluated heights was similar, except for reduced crude protein content at 70-cm height. Bite rate, intake rate, and time per bite had a quadratic relationship with increasing sward height. The greatest intake rate was observed at 54.7 cm of height, with 0.136 g DM min-1 kg-1 LW. Bite rate exhibited a linear and positive correlation with increase in intake. At the 50-cm height, goats harvested a mass of 3.65 g DM bite-1 kg-1 LW, when they performed 34.5 bites per minute. Adult goats had a greater forage intake on 50-cm high Massai grass pastures because they could obtain a greater bite mass in a shorter time per bite.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar os processos de ingestão de forragem por caprinos em pastagem com capim-Massai manejado sob diferentes alturas (40, 50, 60 e 70 cm). O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos corresponderam a quatro alturas do dossel com duas repetições no tempo e no espaço. Os dados coletados foram relacionados aos processos de ingestão de forragem e composição química e morfológica do pasto. Foram realizados testes de pastejo de 45 minutos com quatro cabras mestiças da raça Anglonubiana. A massa de forragem total consumida, massa de bocados e a taxa de ingestão foram expressos em relação ao peso dos animais. Com o incremento da altura da forragem houve aumento na densidade do pasto, massa de forragem e lâmina foliar. A composição química da forragem nas alturas avaliadas foi semelhante, com exceção da redução do teor de proteína bruta aos 70 cm. A taxa de bocado, taxa de ingestão e tempo por bocado apresentou relação quadrática com o aumento da altura. A maior taxa de ingestão foi observada aos 54,7 cm de altura, com 0,136 g MS min-1 kg-1 de PC. A massa de bocado apresentou relação linear e positiva com o aumento da altura. Aos 50 cm as cabras colheram uma massa de 3,65 g MS bocado-1 kg-1 PC, quando realizavam 34,5 bocados por minuto. No pasto de capim-massai aos 50 cm ocorre maior consumo de forragem por cabras adultas, pois os animais conseguem obter uma massa maior do bocado em menor tempo por bocado.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Ruminants , Animal Feed/analysis , PanicumABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage-intake process of goats feeding on Massai grass pastures with different heights (40, 50, 60, and 70 cm). The experimental design was completely randomized, with treatments corresponding to four sward heights with two replicates over time and space. Collected data were related to the forage-intake process and the chemical and morphological composition of the pasture. Grazing trials (45 min) were performed with four Anglo-Nubian crossbred goats. Total forage mass intake, bite mass, and intake rate were expressed in relation to animal weight. Pasture density, forage mass, and leaf blade increased as forage height increased. The chemical composition of forage at the evaluated heights was similar, except for reduced crude protein content at 70-cm height. Bite rate, intake rate, and time per bite had a quadratic relationship with increasing sward height. The greatest intake rate was observed at 54.7 cm of height, with 0.136 g DM min-1 kg-1 LW. Bite rate exhibited a linear and positive correlation with increase in intake. At the 50-cm height, goats harvested a mass of 3.65 g DM bite-1 kg-1 LW, when they performed 34.5 bites per minute. Adult goats had a greater forage intake on 50-cm high Massai grass pastures because they could obtain a greater bite mass in a shorter time per bite.
Objetivou-se avaliar os processos de ingestão de forragem por caprinos em pastagem com capim-Massai manejado sob diferentes alturas (40, 50, 60 e 70 cm). O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos corresponderam a quatro alturas do dossel com duas repetições no tempo e no espaço. Os dados coletados foram relacionados aos processos de ingestão de forragem e composição química e morfológica do pasto. Foram realizados testes de pastejo de 45 minutos com quatro cabras mestiças da raça Anglonubiana. A massa de forragem total consumida, massa de bocados e a taxa de ingestão foram expressos em relação ao peso dos animais. Com o incremento da altura da forragem houve aumento na densidade do pasto, massa de forragem e lâmina foliar. A composição química da forragem nas alturas avaliadas foi semelhante, com exceção da redução do teor de proteína bruta aos 70 cm. A taxa de bocado, taxa de ingestão e tempo por bocado apresentou relação quadrática com o aumento da altura. A maior taxa de ingestão foi observada aos 54,7 cm de altura, com 0,136 g MS min-1 kg-1 de PC. A massa de bocado apresentou relação linear e positiva com o aumento da altura. Aos 50 cm as cabras colheram uma massa de 3,65 g MS bocado-1 kg-1 PC, quando realizavam 34,5 bocados por minuto. No pasto de capim-massai aos 50 cm ocorre maior consumo de forragem por cabras adultas, pois os animais conseguem obter uma massa maior do bocado em menor tempo por bocado.
Subject(s)
Animals , Panicum , Animal Feed/analysis , RuminantsABSTRACT
This study evaluate the effect of melatonin supplementation to TRIS-GEMA diluter in plasmatic andmitochondria membrane integrity of semen ram cryopreserved. Was used seven ejaculates of six ram,whichwere pooled in pool, according to the experimental groups: Control; T1 - 1x10-7 mol / L and T2 - 1x10-9 mol / Lmelatonin. Posteriorly the diluting the samples were packaged in straws of 0.25 ml and cryopreserved. Afterthawing at 37°C for 30 seconds, the samples were analyzed for Test thermoresistance slow (TTR) andacrosomal membrane integrity. For statistical analysis we used the Duncan test (α = 0.05) for meancomparison. Treatments 1 and 2 differed statistically control for plasma membrane integrity at times 60, 120and 180min. It was concluded that supplementation 1x10-7mol / L and 1x10-9mol / L of melatonin increased theintegrity of the plasma membrane to 60,120 and 180 minutes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cell Membrane/classification , Cell Membrane/chemistry , Sheep/embryology , Sheep/physiology , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Melatonin/analysis , Melatonin/adverse effectsABSTRACT
This study to evaluate the effect of melatonin supplementation to TRIS-GEMA diluter in sperm viabilityof semen ram cryopreserved. Was used seven ejaculates of six ram,which were pooled in pool, according to theexperimental groups: T1 - control; T2 - 1x10-7 mol / L and T3 - 1x10-9 mol / L melatonin. Posteriorly thediluting the samples were packaged in straws of 0.25 ml and cryopreserved. After thawing at 37°C for 30seconds, the samples were analyzed for Test thermoresistance slow (TTR) and acrosomal membrane integrity.For statistical analysis we used the Duncan test (α = 0.05) for mean comparison. The results demonstrated thatto the TTR at time 0 min, T2 showed 54.28% motility, and T1obtained lower values in the times 0 and 60 minutesfor force. Supplementation of 1x10-9mol / L of melatonin improved total motility.
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Melatonin/analysis , Sheep , Cell SurvivalABSTRACT
This study evaluate the effect of melatonin supplementation to TRIS-GEMA diluter in plasmatic andmitochondria membrane integrity of semen ram cryopreserved. Was used seven ejaculates of six ram,whichwere pooled in pool, according to the experimental groups: Control; T1 - 1x10-7 mol / L and T2 - 1x10-9 mol / Lmelatonin. Posteriorly the diluting the samples were packaged in straws of 0.25 ml and cryopreserved. Afterthawing at 37°C for 30 seconds, the samples were analyzed for Test thermoresistance slow (TTR) andacrosomal membrane integrity. For statistical analysis we used the Duncan test (α = 0.05) for meancomparison. Treatments 1 and 2 differed statistically control for plasma membrane integrity at times 60, 120and 180min. It was concluded that supplementation 1x10-7mol / L and 1x10-9mol / L of melatonin increased theintegrity of the plasma membrane to 60,120 and 180 minutes.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep/embryology , Sheep/physiology , Cell Membrane/chemistry , Cell Membrane/classification , Melatonin/adverse effects , Melatonin/analysis , Cryopreservation/veterinaryABSTRACT
This study to evaluate the effect of melatonin supplementation to TRIS-GEMA diluter in sperm viabilityof semen ram cryopreserved. Was used seven ejaculates of six ram,which were pooled in pool, according to theexperimental groups: T1 - control; T2 - 1x10-7 mol / L and T3 - 1x10-9 mol / L melatonin. Posteriorly thediluting the samples were packaged in straws of 0.25 ml and cryopreserved. After thawing at 37°C for 30seconds, the samples were analyzed for Test thermoresistance slow (TTR) and acrosomal membrane integrity.For statistical analysis we used the Duncan test (α = 0.05) for mean comparison. The results demonstrated thatto the TTR at time 0 min, T2 showed 54.28% motility, and T1obtained lower values in the times 0 and 60 minutesfor force. Supplementation of 1x10-9mol / L of melatonin improved total motility.(AU)