ABSTRACT
La enterolitiasis o coprolitiasis, cálculos formados primariamente en el intestino, es una rara enfermedad en humanos asociada, generalmente, con estasis intestinal. Es sin embargo muy frecuente en algunos animales como los caballos. Suele cursar sin síntomas en la mayoría de los casos, pero puede presentar oclusión intestinal y debe ser tenida en cuenta como posible causa de la misma. Presentamos 2 casos de enterolitiasis cuyo diagnóstico fue establecido por imágenes de radiografía simple de abdomen y tomografia computarizada (TC). Aunque ambos pacientes presentaban factores favorecedores para enterolitiasis, no se puede descartar un sustrato genético que predisponga al desarrollo de esta infrecuente entidad clínica (AU)
Abstract Enterolithiasis, or coprolithiasis, stones formed mainly in the intestine, is uncommon in humans and is generally associated with intestinal stasis. This entity is highly common in some animals, such as horses. Enterolithiasis is usually asymptomatic but may lead to intestinal occlusion and should be considered as a possible cause of this event. We report two cases of enterolithiasis, in which the diagnosis was established by simple abdominal radiography and computed tomography. Although both patients had factors favoring the development of enterolithiasis, a genetic substrate predisposing them to this uncommon clinical entity cannot be excluded (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Lithiasis/diagnosis , Intestinal Diseases/etiology , Gastroparesis/complications , Abdominal Pain/etiology , ColonoscopyABSTRACT
Enterolithiasis, or coprolithiasis, stones formed mainly in the intestine, is uncommon in humans and is generally associated with intestinal stasis. This entity is highly common in some animals, such as horses. Enterolithiasis is usually asymptomatic but may lead to intestinal occlusion and should be considered as a possible cause of this event. We report two cases of enterolithiasis, in which the diagnosis was established by simple abdominal radiography and computed tomography. Although both patients had factors favoring the development of enterolithiasis, a genetic substrate predisposing them to this uncommon clinical entity cannot be excluded.
Subject(s)
Intestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Lithiasis/diagnosis , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
La mayoría de los ortodoncistas utilizan para cementarbrackets una técnica convencional de grabado ácido sobre el esmalte con ácido ortofosfórico, sistemas autograbadores, etc. Sin embargo, los cementos de vidrio ionómero son una buena opción gracias a las ventajas que ofrecen, como la ausencia de descalcificaciones alrededor del bracket, el cementado es más rápido y fácil, no es necesario controlar estrictamente la humedad, no es necesario acondicionar previamente el sustrato y es más fácil remover los restos dejados tras el despegado del bracket. Sin embargo, las fuerzas de adhesión obtenidas son más bajas que aquellas obtenidas con resinas de composite (AU)
Most of orthodontists use the ordinary technique of etching the enamel with orthophosforic acid, autoetching systems etc. However, glass ionomer cements are a good option regarding the advantages they offer, like the absence of decalcification around brackets, easy and quick cementation, its not necessary to estrictly control humidity, its not necessary to prepare the substrate and its easier to remove the rest of cement once you retire brackets. However, adhesive forces are lower than with acrilic resins (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Cements/analysis , Orthodontic Brackets , Glass Ionomer Cements/analysis , Adhesiveness , Resin Cements/analysis , Acrylic Resins/analysisABSTRACT
Background. Many experimental studies have demonstrated that parathyroid cell proliferation is induced by uremia and further aggravated by hypocalcemia, phosphorus retention and vitamin D deficiency. However, these factors may also promote parathyroid growth without uremia. In the present study, we examined the onset and progression of parathyroid hyperplasia regardless of the uremic setting, a situation that might occur soon during the early renal disease. Thus, the novelty of this work resides in the close examination of the time course for the expected changes in proliferation rates and their association with parathyroid hormone (PTH) release in normal rats under the physiological demands of a high-phosphate diet (HPD) or a low-calcium diet (LCD). Methods. We evaluated the functional response of the parathyroid glands in normal rats to different physiological demands an HPD 0.6% Ca, 1.2% P) and LCD 0.2% Ca, 0.6% P) and compared it with that of uremic rats. Furthermore, we also evaluated the time course for the reversal of high-P and low-Ca-induced parathyroid cell growth and PTH upon normalization of dietary Ca and P intake (0.6% Ca, 0.6% P). Proliferation was measured by flow cytometry and calcium receptor (CaR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression were assessed by qRT-PCR. Results. The pattern in the development of parathyroid hyperplasia by the two dietary models was different. The HPD produced a stronger stimulus than the number of proliferating cells doubled after only 1 day, while the LCD required 5 days to induce an increase; the elevated calcitriol might be a mitigating factor. The increase in cell proliferation was accompanied by a transient down-regulation of VDR expression (higher in the HPD); the expression of CaR was not affected by either diet. Cell proliferation and VDR mRNA levels were restored to control values by Day 15; it is as though the gland had attained a sufficient level of hyperplasia to respond to the PTH challenge. Compared to normal rats, the response of uremic rats to the HPD showed sustained and much higher rates of PTH secretion and cell proliferation and sustained down-regulation of both VDR mRNA and CaR mRNA. Finally, the recovery from the HPD or LCD to a control diet resulted in a rapid restoration of PTH values (1 to 2 days), but the reduction in cell proliferation was delayed (3 to 5 days). Conclusions. Regardless of uremia, a physiological demand to increase the PTH secretion driven either by a high P or a low Ca intake is able to induce a different pattern of parathyroid hyperplasia, which might be aggravated by the down-regulation of VDR expression. The recovery from the HPD or LCD to a control diet results in a more rapid reduction in PTH than in cell proliferation.
