Trends in glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors and chronic complications of type 2 diabetes, 2012-2016, in a healthcare area of Barcelona.

AIMS: This study aimed to analyse the evolution of the metabolic control, cardiovascular risk factors and chronic complications in a Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) population in a healthcare area of Barcelona. METHODS: We carried out a comparative study of T2D patients (20.457) between 2012 and 2016 (data recorded in the "Electronic Clinical-Station in Primary Care") concerning: age, gender, body mass index (BMI), arterial blood pressure (BP), HbA1c, LDL-Cholesterol, smoking, heart failure (HF), micro and macrovascular complications. RESULTS: Average HbA1c was 6.9 % in 2012 and 7 % in 2016 (Non significant differences)(NS). In 2012, 57.9 % of patients presented proper glycaemic control, 42.8 % LDL-Cholesterol < 100 mg/dL and 76.9 % BP < 140/90 while in 2016 it was 61.2 % (NS), 59.2 % (p = 0.001) and 82.9 % (p = 0.016) respectively. No changes were found in BMI or active smoking. Significant increases were found in the prevalence of microvascular complications, HF and peripheral vasculopathy (PV). Patients with vascular diseases (PVD) and adequate metabolic control increased from 57.5 % to 62.7 % (p = 0.006). Albuminuria > 30 mg/g were more frequent among PVD. CONCLUSIONS: Between 2012 and 2016 it was observed that, amongst our study population, glycaemic control was steady and cholesterol and BP levels were improved, while there was a significant increase of diabetic complications, HF and PV.

Effect of health professional education on outcomes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care: a non-randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The best strategy to achieve optimal integrated management to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in primary care (PC) is not clear. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention in PC based on an integrated programme, which combines diverse strategies directed at health professionals to improve quality of life and clinical outcomes of their patients with COPD. We compared the outcome with results from standard practice. METHODS: A prospective, multicentre, quasi-experimental study and a 12-month follow up was performed. Intervention consisted of an integrated education programme in PC. The main outcome variable was the change in total score of the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) at the end of follow up between the control and intervention group. RESULTS: A total of 801 patients participated in the study with a mean age of 70.2 years and a mean FEV1 (% predicted) of 55%. At 1-year follow up, the SGRQ score did not significantly differ. Although the intervention group showed an improvement in dietary, exercise and smoking habits, there was an increase in reported exacerbations and hospital admissions (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of an integrated education programme in a PC setting, which combines diverse strategies directed at health professionals, did not achieve the expected changes in quality of life measured by SGRQ at 1-year follow up. Nonetheless, this study observed an improvement in patients' lifestyle choices, even though this did not result in a significant change in the clinical evolution or heath status over 12 months.

Evaluation of a combined strategy directed towards health-care professionals and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): information and health education feedback for improving clinical monitoring and quality-of-life.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a health problem that is becoming increasingly attended-to in Primary Care (PC). However, there is a scarcity of health-care programs and studies exploring the implementation of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG). The principal objective of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined strategy directed towards health-care professionals and patients to improve the grade of clinical control and the quality-of-life (QoL) of the patients via a feedback on their state-of-health. A training plan for the health-care professionals is based on CPG and health education. METHOD/DESIGN: Multi-centred, before-after, quasi experimental, prospective study involving an intervention group and a control group of individuals followed-up for 12 months. The patients receive attention from urban and semi-urban Primary Care Centres (PCC) within the administrative area of the Costa de Ponent (near Barcelona). All the pacients corresponding to the PCC of one sub-area were assigned to the intervention group and patients from the rest of sub-areas to the group control. The intervention includes providing data to the health-care professionals (clinician/nurse) derived from a clinical history and an interview. A course of training focused on aspects of CPG, motivational interview and health education (tobacco, inhalers, diet, physical exercise, physiotherapy). The sample random includes a total of 801 patients (> or = 40 years of age), recorded as having COPD, receiving attention in the PCC or at home, who have had at least one clinical visit, and who provided written informed consent to participation in the study. Data collected include socio-demographic characteristics, drug treatment, exacerbations and hospital admissions, evaluation of inhaler use, tobacco consumption and life-style and health-care resources consumed. The main endpoints are dyspnoea, according to the modified scale of the Medical Research Council (MRC) and the QoL, evaluated with the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). The variables are obtained at the start and the end of the intervention. Information from follow-up visits focuses on the changes in life-style activities of the patient. DISCUSSION: This study is conducted with the objective of generating evidence that shows that implementation of awareness programs directed towards health-care professionals as well as patients in the context of PC can produce an increase in the QoL and a decrease in the disease exacerbation, compared to standard clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT00922545;