ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Exercise is an effective therapeutic intervention for cancer survivors. Concerns about the completeness of reporting of exercise interventions have been raised in the literature, but without any formal analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the completeness of reporting of exercise interventions for cancer survivors in a large sample of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). METHODS: We developed a pre-defined protocol. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL for exercise trials in oncology between 2010 and 2017. Pairs of independent researchers screened the records, extracted study characteristics, and assessed 16 items on the TIDieR checklist (i.e., the 12 items, with item 5 divided into two and item 8 divided into four). For each of these items, the percentage of interventions in the included studies that reported the item was calculated. RESULTS: We included 131 RCTs reporting 138 interventions in the analysis. Breast cancer was the most common type of cancer (69, 50%), and aerobic exercise was the most studied exercise modality (43, 30%) followed by combined aerobic and resistance training (40, 28%). Completeness of reporting ranged from 42 to 96% among the TIDieR items; none of the items was fully reported. 'Intervention length' was the most reported item across interventions (133, 96%), followed by 'rationale' (131, 95%), whereas 'provider' (58, 42%) and 'how well (planned)' (63, 46%) were the two least reported items. Half of the TIDieR items were completely reported in 50 to 70% of the interventions, and only four items were reported in more than 80% of the interventions (Items 2 and 8a to c). The seven items deemed to be core for replication (Items 3 to 9) exhibited a mean reporting of 71%, ranging from 42 to 96%. CONCLUSION: Exercise training interventions for cancer survivors are incompletely reported across RCTs published between 2010 and 2017. The reporting of information about the provider, materials, and modifications require urgent improvements. Stronger reporting will enhance usability of trial reports by both healthcare providers and survivors, and will help to reduce research waste.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Exercise , Checklist , Female , Humans , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Poor functional status can significantly affect Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of HIV patients. However, there is scarce information on the functional profile of such patients before starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between health-related quality of life and physical functioning in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-infected patients. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with HIV-infected patients older than 18 years, and naïve to antiretroviral therapy. The patients were evaluated for functional profile by pulmonary function (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, and Tiffeneau index), handgrip strength, and six-minute walk test in a cross-sectional study. HRQoL was evaluated by the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey and its Physical (PCS) and Mental (MCS) Component Summaries. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of predictor variables with PCS and MCS scores. RESULTS: We found lower HRQoL among females patients, with far below average impairment of mental health component. Both male and female patients presented lower 6MWD function test values. Patients with dynapenia were older than patients without it, presented lower PCS mean score, lower family income, poor 6 MWD function test, lower FVC, and lower FEV1 t. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that Grip Strength, age and family income were predictor variables for Physical component of HRQoL. Female gender and smoking habit were predictive for the mental component of HRQoL. CONCLUSION: HRQoL in HIV, drug-naïve patients is predicted by level of dynapenia, smoking, income and gender. Therefore, lifestyle changes and active exercising can help to improve HRQoL in such patients.
ABSTRACT
Antecedentes. El Estado como institución de poder tiene la capacidad de reconocer y garantizar los derechos y deberes de los ciudadanos. La relación entre Estado y ciudadanía permite a la población con discapacidad legitimar sus derechos y ser partícipes de la elaboración, decisión y ejecución de los asuntos que le conciernen. Objetivo. En este documento se presentan los hallazgos de las categorías Estado y ciudadanía derivados del estudio Análisis histórico de la construcción política de la categoría discapacidad en Colombia con el objetivo de reconstruir la historia de los acontecimientos sociales que determinaron las transformaciones sociopolíticas de la discapacidad entre los años 1986 y 2012. Materiales y métodos. Seis categorías fueron analizadas en 283 fuentes primarias y secundarias; el análisis se realizó en tres niveles: macro (políticas y lineamientos de nivel mundial), meso (políticas, jurisprudencia y legislación) y micro (sociedad civil organizada). Las orientaciones teóricas usadas fueron el concepto de campo social de Bourdieu y el concepto de biopoder de Foucault; las orientaciones metodológicas aquí empleadas están en la perspectiva de los estudios históricos críticos e históricos sociales de la discapacidad. Resultados. Se exponen tres periodos históricos que representan los puntos de giro en el concepto sociopolítico de la discapacidad en Colombia. Conclusión. Existe una constante tensión entre el Estado y los ciudadanos en situación de discapacidad: las políticas públicas sobre discapacidad en Colombia han favorecido, y son el resultado de la emergencia y configuración de, sujetos políticos conscientes de sus capitales sociales, de manera que su ejercicio político trasforma la configuración del poder. Sin embargo, estas acciones no se extienden homogéneamente a todas las regiones del país, de manera que las acciones políticas y ciudadanas de la discapacidad, dada la estructura del Estado colombiano, son disímiles en las regiones.
Background. The State as an institution of power has the ability to recognize and guarantee the rights and duties of citizens. The relationship between State and citizens allows people with disabilities to legitimize their rights and become partners in the development, decision and execution of the issues that concern them. Objective. This document presents the findings of the categories State and Citizenship, derived from the study "Historical Analysis of the Political Construction of the Disability Category in Colombia", in order to reconstruct the history of the social events that determined the political changes of disabled people between 1986 and 2012 . Materials and Methods. Six categories were analyzed in 283 primary and secondary sources. The analysis was performed at three levels: the macro one (politics and guidelines worldwide); the meso one (politics, jurisprudence and legislation), and the micro one (the organized civil society). The theoretical approaches used were the Bourdieu's concept of social field and the Foucault's concept of biopower. On the other hand, the methodological approaches used here were based on a critical-historical and social-historical studies perspective. Results. Three historical periods that represent turning points in the sociopolitical concept of disability in Colombia are exposed. Conclusion. There is a constant tension between the State and citizens with disabilities. Public policies on disability in Colombia have favored, and they are the result of the emergence and configuration of political subjects aware of their social capitals. So his political exercise transforms the configuration of power. However, these actions do not extend in the same way to all regions of the country, thus political and civic actions on disability, given the structure of the Colombian State, differ from region to region.
