ABSTRACT
In order to identify novel lead compounds with antiviral effect, methanol and aqueous extracts of eight medicinal plants in the Zingiberaceae family were screened for inhibition of proteases from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). In general, the methanol extracts inhibited the enzymes more effectively than the aqueous extracts. HIV-1 protease was strongly inhibited by the methanol extract of Alpinia galanga. This extract also inhibited HCV and HCMV proteases, but to a lower degree. HCV protease was most efficiently inhibited by the extracts from Zingiber officinale, with little difference between the aqueous and the methanol extracts. Many of the methanol extracts inhibited HCMV protease, but the aqueous extracts showed weak inhibition. In a first endeavor to identify the active constituents, eight flavones were isolated from the black rhizomes of Kaempferia parviflora. The most effective inhibitors, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone and 5,7-dimethoxyflavone, inhibited HIV-1 protease with IC50 values of 19 microM. Moreover, 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone inhibited HCV protease and HCMV protease with IC50 values of 190 and 250 microM, respectively.
Subject(s)
Flavones/pharmacology , Protease Inhibitors , Viruses/enzymology , Zingiberaceae/chemistry , Cytomegalovirus/enzymology , Flavones/isolation & purification , HIV Protease/metabolism , HIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology , HIV-1/enzymology , Hepatitis C/enzymology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Roots/chemistry , Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism , Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredABSTRACT
Three oxidized heptenes, 7-benzoyloxy-6-oxo-2,4Z-heptadiene-1,4-olide, [7-benzoyloxy-4-hydroxy-1-methoxy-2E,4Z-heptadiene-1,6-dione] and 7-benzoyloxy-6-oxo-2,4E-heptadiene-1,4-olide, were isolated from flowers of Melodorum fruticosum. Their structures were determined by spectral data analysis. The first two compounds exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against a panel of human tumor cell lines, whereas the third was inactive.
Subject(s)
Alkenes/chemistry , Annonaceae/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Alkenes/isolation & purification , Alkenes/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Oxidation-ReductionABSTRACT
Three labdane diterpenoids, 2-acetoxy-3-hydroxy-labda-8(17),12(E)-14-triene, 3-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-labda-8(17),12(E)-14-triene, and 2,3-dihydroxy-labda-8(17),12(E),14-triene were isolated from stem bark of Croton oblongifolius. Their structures were established by spectroscopic data, and each was also tested for cytotoxicity against various human tumor cell lines. The latter compound showed non-specific, moderate, cytotoxicities against all the cell lines; whereas the first two compounds were less active.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Diterpenes/chemistry , Diterpenes/isolation & purification , Naphthols/chemistry , Rosales/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Diterpenes/pharmacology , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Humans , Spectrum Analysis , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
A new cassane diterpenoid, 14-deoxy-epsilon-caesalpin was isolated from the seed kernels of Caesalpinia major and its structure was determined by spectroscopic data.
Subject(s)
Diterpenes/isolation & purification , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Rosales/chemistry , Diterpenes/chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Seeds/chemistry , ThailandABSTRACT
A new cembranoid diterpene, neocrotocembranal (3), was isolated from the stem bark of Croton oblongifolius. Its structure was established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. This compound inhibited platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, with an IC50 value of 47.21 microg/mL, and exhibited cytotoxicity against P-388 cells in vitro, with an IC(50) value of 6.48 microg/mL.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Diterpenes/isolation & purification , Euphorbiaceae/chemistry , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Diterpenes/pharmacology , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , In Vitro Techniques , Leukemia P388/drug therapy , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Plant Epidermis/chemistry , Plant Stems/chemistry , Platelet Aggregation/drug effects , Rabbits , Spectrophotometry, UltravioletABSTRACT
Two new cembranoids, crotocembraneic acid (1) and neocrotocembraneic acid (2), were isolated from the stem bark of Croton oblongifolius. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.
