ABSTRACT
Childhood problem behaviors for 145 boys seen in child guidance clinics were used to compare four adult outcome groups: antisocial men, schizophrenic subjects with good outcomes, schizophrenic subjects with poor outcomes, and subjects with good outcomes. Delinquent and aggressive factor scale scores distinguished the antisocial outcomes from the other groups. A preschizophrenic factor along with lower IQ separated schizophrenics with poor outcome from the others. Subjects with good outcomes had lower scores on factor scales, higher IQ, and less disturbed families. Schizophrenics with good outcomes were the most difficult to identify correctly.
Subject(s)
Antisocial Personality Disorder/diagnosis , Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosis , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizotypal Personality Disorder/diagnosis , Adult , Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Child of Impaired Parents/psychology , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Intelligence , Juvenile Delinquency/psychology , Male , Military Personnel/psychology , Patient Admission , Personality Assessment , Schizotypal Personality Disorder/psychologySubject(s)
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenic Psychology , Veterans/psychology , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Schizophrenia/classification , Schizophrenia/rehabilitation , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
For a longitudinal study of 29 males with an initial diagnosis of schizophrenia as young adults, childhood information identified excitable behavior as most strongly related to subsequent positive symptoms. This childhood variable was related to stable but not to unstable positive symptom measures. Further, stable positive symptoms were limited to the subgroup with a history of excitable behavior.
Subject(s)
Personality Development , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenic Psychology , Schizotypal Personality Disorder/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Arousal , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosis , Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Schizotypal Personality Disorder/psychologyABSTRACT
A sample of 29 men with an initial psychotic episode and diagnosis of schizophrenia as young adults were followed into middle adulthood. All had prior child guidance clinic contact. The negative symptoms of affect deficit in young adulthood but not the positive symptoms of thought disorder were predicted by a history of birth complications. Subjects with birth complications who developed negative symptoms had a stable deficit over the follow-up period.
Subject(s)
Birth Injuries/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenia/epidemiology , Schizophrenic Psychology , Adult , Comorbidity , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Military Personnel/psychology , Pregnancy , United States/epidemiology , Veterans/psychologyABSTRACT
Patients who meet DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia were compared with those who meet DSM-II, but not DSM-III, criteria. Comparisons included measures of positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and social competence both before extended hospitalization and during a 7-year follow-up. The measure of positive symptoms was the only variable that differed significantly between groups at initial assessment. Positive symptoms were more stable and predictive for DSM-III schizophrenics than for DSM-II schizophrenics. The measure of negative symptoms was the most stable and predictive variable for the DSM-II schizophrenics. Increased homogeneity for the DSM-III schizophrenics was not found for most measures.
Subject(s)
Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenic Psychology , Adult , Affect , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Severity of Illness Index , Social Behavior , ThinkingABSTRACT
Measures of aggression, peer status, and social class, gathered during the subjects' childhoods, were assessed as predictors of later delinquency for 711 boys. Multiple regression analysis indicated that aggression was the most significant predictor of delinquency followed by social class as the second significant predictor. A descriptive analysis isolated characteristics of groups varying markedly in terms of differences in rates of delinquent outcomes.
Subject(s)
Aggression/psychology , Juvenile Delinquency/psychology , Peer Group , Personality Development , Social Class , Social Dominance , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Risk Factors , Sociometric TechniquesABSTRACT
A sample of 2453 grade school children was followed into young adulthood through mental health record sources. Peer rejection was significantly related to subsequent mental health problems. Correlational findings were compared with alternative measures of predictive efficiency.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Peer Group , Personality Development , Rejection, Psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/psychologySubject(s)
Interpersonal Relations , Juvenile Delinquency/psychology , Peer Group , Adolescent , Child , Humans , Male , RiskABSTRACT
Although the various manifestations of disordered thought have played a central role in diagnostic and theoretical considerations of schizophrenia, such symptoms have not been found specific to schizophrenia, and at best have shown weak relations to outcome. As part of a 7-year followup study of a sample of young, acute, psychotic inpatients, we explored the hypothesis that despite these poor results there might be particular components of disordered thought that might have prognostic utility and be able to discriminate narrowly defined schizophrenics. Using extant symptom scales as our models, we constructed five internally consistent scales of disordered thought from behavioral ratings made using the Psychotic Inpatient Profile--Poverty of Speech, Attentional Impairment, Incoherence, Delusions, and Hallucinations. We tested the ability of these scales to predict various aspects of outcome adaptation including outcome diagnosis. In general, the Attentional Impairment scale demonstrated the best prognostic utility, predicting poorer outcome in several domains. Paradoxically, patients diagnosed by Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) as definite schizophrenic at outcome had been rated as showing less attentional impairment than probable and nonschizophrenics. An examination of the pattern of correlations between Attentional Impairment and performance on cognitive tasks suggested that attentional difficulties may be related to different underlying cognitive processes in those diagnosed schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic at outcome by RDC.
Subject(s)
Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenic Psychology , Thinking , Adult , Attention , Delusions/diagnosis , Hallucinations/diagnosis , Humans , Prognosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Psychometrics , Reaction Time , Schizophrenic LanguageABSTRACT
A longitudinal sample of 1130 low peer choice grade school children were followed through record sources into young adulthood. Specific childhood problem behavior clusters were examined in relationship to delinquency, adult criminality, and mental health treatment contact. Childhood aggression, in the context of peer rejection, was related significantly to delinquency for males, an antisocial diagnosis for both sexes, and differentiated subjects in the judicial system from those in the mental health system. A childhood "neurological" scale differentiated subjects with a schizophrenic spectrum diagnosis from other subjects with mental health treatment.
Subject(s)
Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Juvenile Delinquency/psychology , Aggression/psychology , Child , Crime , Family , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/psychology , Rejection, Psychology , Schizophrenic Psychology , Social DesirabilityABSTRACT
A sample of 2,453 grade school children were followed into young adulthood through record sources. Teacher interviews provided information about low-peer-status children that was assessed in relation to subsequent delinquency for both sexes and young adult criminality for males. A multivariate design evaluated the joint effects of social class, a measure of family disturbance, and childhood problem behavior factors as antecedents of delinquency. Childhood aggression emerged as the most prominent antecedent factor for males but not for females. Social class and family disturbance were associated with aggression but did not have significant direct effects on delinquency. Aggression was related to severity of delinquency. Dispositional status, reflecting severity, was the best indicator of which delinquent males would have adult criminal records. A causal model is presented.
Subject(s)
Aggression/psychology , Juvenile Delinquency/psychology , Social Adjustment , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Criminal Psychology , Family , Female , Humans , Male , Models, Psychological , Peer Group , Rejection, Psychology , Sex Factors , Social Class , Social DesirabilityABSTRACT
A sample of child guidance clinic cases with a young adult onset of schizophrenia were followed into middle age. Outcome ratings and marital status were used as predictive criteria for childhood measures of IQ, aggressiveness, and severity of disturbance. The interaction of IQ and levels of aggressive symptomatology revealed a subgroup of preschizophrenics with low IQ and below average aggressiveness who had disproportionately unfavorable adult outcomes and never-married status. The results demonstrated the important moderating effects of a second variable on the predictive statements made about an initial predictor.
Subject(s)
Aggression/psychology , Intelligence , Marriage , Schizophrenic Psychology , Schizotypal Personality Disorder/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Schizophrenia, Childhood/psychology , Social AdjustmentSubject(s)
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Adult , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Medical Records , Psychometrics , Schizophrenic PsychologySubject(s)
Family Characteristics , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Antisocial Personality Disorder/complications , Bipolar Disorder/complications , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/genetics , Neurotic Disorders/complications , Prognosis , Schizophrenia/etiologySubject(s)
Schizophrenia, Childhood/rehabilitation , Schizophrenia/rehabilitation , Transients and Migrants , Adult , Educational Status , Employment , Follow-Up Studies , Hospitalization , Humans , Intelligence , Length of Stay , Marriage , Middle Aged , Minnesota , Prognosis , Schizophrenia, Paranoid/rehabilitationABSTRACT
Adult outcome information was obtained for a sample of 45 males with a hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia. All cases had been treated at a child guidance clinic as children prior to the onset of schizophrenia as young adults. Refined outcome categories, which reflected the independent judgments of two clinical raters, led to the comparison of poor outcome with more favorable outcome cases in terms of antecedent characteristics. Five rationally derived childhood symptom scales were used. The psychotic scale was significantly related to poor outcome, while acting-out and aggressive symptom scales were related to more favorable adult outcomes. Neurotic and neurological scales were not predictive of outcome. Low childhood IQ and poor peer adjustment were significantly related to poor adult outcome. Sample limitations and comparison with results from other studies were discussed.
