ABSTRACT
Cranial dura maters of 36 consecutive infants with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and 16 control infants coming to the Department of Coroner were examined microscopically to determine if subdural neomembranes are associated with cases submitted as SIDS. Thirty-one percent (31%) of the infants with SIDS and 13% of control infants had organizing subdural neomembranes (p > 0.05). Overall prevalence of organizing subdural neomembranes was 25% in the group examined. In all but two cases, birth trauma could be excluded as a cause of head trauma by aging neomembranes histologically. No association was found between type of delivery (vaginal or Cesarean) and presence of a subdural neomembrane. Subdural neomembranes are common in infants autopsied in a forensic setting, but they may be missed without a microscopic examination. Subdural neomembranes have no demonstrated association with SIDS.
Subject(s)
Birth Injuries/complications , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Dura Mater/injuries , Hematoma, Subdural/etiology , Sudden Infant Death/etiology , Age Factors , Dura Mater/pathology , Hematoma, Subdural/epidemiology , Hematoma, Subdural/pathology , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Sudden Infant Death/epidemiology , Sudden Infant Death/pathologyABSTRACT
Resveratrol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) has been isolated from the seeds of Erythrophleum lasianthum (Caesalpinioidae, Leguminosae), a South African plant used in traditional medicine, and has shown antiplatelet aggregation activity. The synthesis of 1, related hydroxystilbenes, and their glucosides has been undertaken to provide larger quantities, for further biological evaluation, and has been accomplished via Wittig reactions followed by glucosylation under phase transfer catalysis.
Subject(s)
Glucosides/isolation & purification , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Platelet Aggregation/drug effects , Stilbenes , Glucosides/chemical synthesis , Glucosides/pharmacology , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology , Seeds/chemistryABSTRACT
Combretastatin B1, a polyhydroxybibenzyl compound extracted from the fruit of Combretum kraussii, known to contain 'hiccup nut' toxin, reversibly increased the duration, but not the peak or the rate of rise, of the action potential in rat sensory neurones by approximately 300%. This effect was only seen when it was applied to the extracellular side of the membrane. No effects on the resting potential were observed. K+ delayed rectifier currents were inhibited in neurones and in human myotubes with an IC50 of about 300 microM; the HERG-type inward rectifier channels in tumour cells were inhibited to a greater degree. Due to its selective action and the similarity of its blockade to that produced by class III antiarrhythmic drugs, the toxin could be the origin of compounds of potentially significant pharmacological interest.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Bibenzyls/pharmacology , Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects , Potassium Channels/drug effects , Stilbenes , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Humans , RatsABSTRACT
Two alkaloids 1 and 2 were isolated from the seeds of Erythrophleum lasianthum. Their structures were assigned by spectroscopic and chemical means as 3 beta-hydroxynorerythrosuamine (1) and its 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2). In spontaneously beating atria, both compounds 1 and 2 showed a marked and concentration-dependent positive inotropic activity and a weak negative chronotropic activity. The positive inotropic effect induced by 1 and 2 was not modified by propranolol, prazosin, carbachol, and ranitidine plus pyrilamine. Both 1 and 2 were very active in inhibiting the Na+/K(+)-ATPase isolated from bovine cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles.
