[On the classification of vascular structures in children].

Vascular structures are a common childhood pathology that may cause not only the development of extensive cosmetic defects but also functional disorders of respiration, swallowing, vision, and hearing. These conditions not infrequently lead to severe disability and sometimes have a fatal outcome. The choice of the treatment modality depends on the type of the so-called "hemangiomas", the classification of these tumours remaining poorly developed. Our experience with the treatment of the children with these vascular structures (including those of "critical" localization) enabled us to propose a classification of vascular lesions according to which all vascular structures are subdivided into vascular hyperplasias, vascular malformations, and vascular tumour-like structures (both benign and malignant). It is believed that the rational use of this classification may be helpful for the choice of the adequate treatment strategies.

[Classification of the formations from blood vessels of maxillofacial region and neck in children].

Multidisciplinary group of investigators basing upon special literature study, analysis of their own observation (1168 cases) including retrospective for 20 years and with the help of several following methods - clinical, roentgenological, pathomorphological,immunohistochemical - picked out from wide group of the so called hemangiomas 3 types of lesions: hyperplasia, malformation, tumour and suggested their clinical biological classification. To each of lesion types characteristic was given.

[Compression-distraction osteosynthesis in management of children with craniosynostoses].

Le Fort III midfacial distraction using internal and external devices is a generally accepted procedure for midfacial retrusion in patients with craniosynostoses. Many novel techniques for correction of cranial deformities in craniosynostoses are being introduced today. The authors described 14 consecutive cases of Le Fort III midfacial distraction using internal and external distraction devices. The paper discusses advantages and limitations of these methods.

[Morphological description of distraction regenerates in children with congenital and acquired defects and facial skeleton bones hypoplasia].

Results of the morphological study of regenerates received after distraction upper and lower jaws in children were described. It was established that maternal bone and regenerate (retention during 3 months) in children of different age groups varied according to the stage of their structures differentiation; regenerate bone tissue was always less mature than maternal bone irrespective of its localization; lag in differentiation of new growth regenerate bone structures in the group of patients with congenital pathology if compared with the same indicator in the group of children with acquired pathology.

[Bone marrow hematopoiesis in polymer composite implants in long-term bone marrow cultures]. / Issledovanie protsessov kostnomosgovogo krovetvoreniia na implantatakh iz polimernykh kompozitov v dlitel'nykh kul'turakh kostnogo mozga.

The morphological composition of cells on implants made of different composition materials was studied on the model of long-term bone marrow cultures at cultivation for 28 days. Three samples of materials were investigated: polymethyl methacrylate (PMMC), PMMC with hydroxyapatite (HA) and PMMC with HA and subsequent processing with supercritical carbon dioxide. A gradual rise in total number of cells was observed on the implants for 4 weeks as well as increasing number of stromal and hemopoietic cells. With increasing time of cultivation the share of stromal cells was growing while the percent of hemopoietic cells fell. The greater number of hemopoietic cells was observed on the samples of the implants made from composites containing HA vs implants made from the initial PMMC.

[The combined treatment of children with congenital and acquired mandibular defects and deformities]. / Kompleksnoe lechenie detei s vrozhdennymi i priobretennymi defektami i deformatsiiami nizhnei cheliusti.

A total of 280 children and adolescents with congenital and acquired mandibular defects and deformations were treated. The main principle in the treatment of such children is to begin treatment as early as possible. Stages of rehabilitation and scope of therapeutic measures for each stage are determined. The best results were attained in patients administered multiple-modality treatment by surgical, orthodontic, physiotherapeutic methods and therapeutic exercises at an early age immediately after the defect was diagnosed.

[The x-ray characteristics of the visceral cranium in children with branchial arch syndromes I and II]. / Rentgenologicheskaia kharakteristika sostoianiia litsevogo cherepa u detei s sindromom I--II zhabernykh dug.

X-ray changes in the skull bones of children and adolescents with the first-second branchial arches syndrome are analyzed. Roentgenograms and sonograms of various parts of the skull of 66 patients are analyzed. The syndrome involves underdevelopment of half of the mandible and the condylar process and changes in the bones of the median zone of the face, temporal bone, base of the skull, and nasal cavity. The patients were divided into 3 groups with different degrees of mandibular deformations, requiring different treatment strategies.

[The characteristics of the clinical course of inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area in children]. / Osobennosti klinicheskogo techeniia vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti u detei.

As shown by investigations in 1990-1994, the number of cases with maxillofacial inflammation in children tended to an increase. Etiology became primarily odontogenic (69.5% of patients). Inflammatory processes developed against aggravated premorbid backgrounds. The group of risk was children aged 7-12 years. Yearly diagnosis, valid and adequate treatment combining immunostimulants, physiotherapeutic procedures, laser radiation reduced the time of rehabilitation and treatment, stimulated body response. Such policy proved effective in management of maxillofacial inflammation.

[The late results of the conservative and surgical treatments of chronic periodontitis of the permanent teeth in children and adolescents]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty konservativno-khirurgicheskogo lecheniia khronicheskogo periodontita postoiannykh zubov u detei i podrostkov.

The authors view results of conservative and surgical treatment of constant tooth chronic periodontitis in 90 children and adolescents aged 7-18 20 hemisections, 45 apicoectomies, 10 radix amputations were performed. The patients were followed up 6 months to 5 years. X-ray films show osseous restoration on the maxilla tooth to complete in 5-6 months, on the mandible tooth in over 8 months. The authors describe indications and contraindications to such kind.

[Keratocysts of the jaws in children and adolescents with Gorlin's syndrome]. / Keratokisty cheliustei u detei i podrostkov s sindromom Gorlina.

The authors review clinical and X-ray examinations of 30 patients with keratocysts and show difficulties of differential diagnosis with other cysts. Keratocysts are aggressive and prone to recurrences. The authors disclose some clinico-radiological, macroscopic and histological features of keratocysts which may be helpful in valid diagnosis making.

[The x-ray changes in the facial skull in children and adolescents with bite anomalies]. / Rentgenologicheskie izmeneniia litsevogo cherepa u detei i podrostkov s anomaliiami prikusa.

Analysis of x-ray parameters of the facial skull in 102 children and adolescents directed for orthodontic treatment because of occlusion abnormalities showed that the changes in the dentition ratio are caused by disorders in the growth and formation of facial bones and skull base. X-ray characteristics of different types of such disorders are presented.

[A technic for performing tooth-preserving operations in treating radicular cysts and chronic periodontitis of the permanent teeth in children and adolescents]. / Tekhnika provedeniia zubosokhraniaiushchikh operatsii pri lechenii radikuliarnykh kist i khronicheskikh periodontitov postoiannykh zubov u detei i podrostkov.

A high incidence of complications developing during and after removal of teeth with chronic periodontitis and radicular cysts has made the dentists resort to conservative surgical methods of treatment of such conditions. These methods are replantation, resection of radical apex, hemisection, radicular amputation, granulectomy, crown-radicular separation, crown-radicular amputation, hemireplantation, and inter-radicular granulectomy. The technique of such treatment is described in detail. Conservative surgical methods of treatment include the following stages: (1) conservative therapy; (2) surgical treatment; (3) orthodontic treatment; (4) dynamic follow-up till complete recovery of osseous tissue. The recommended modalities are not difficult but rather effective and may be performed at pedodontic clinics.

[The indications for the surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis of the permanent teeth in children and adolescents of different health groups]. / Pokazaniia k operativnomu lecheniiu khronicheskikh periodontitov postoiannykh zubov u detei i podrostkov razlichnykh grupp zdorov'ia.

Chronic granulating and granulomatous periodontitis of 250 permanent teeth was treated in children and adolescents aged 7 to 17, surgery had to be resorted to in 44 (18%) cases. Three groups of indications for radical treatment of chronic periodontitis in children were distinguished: difficulties in or impossibility of conservative treatment, inefficacy of conservative treatment, and somatic indications. The conservative and surgical methods together are most often indicated for patients in whom the adverse conditions of treatment (the first group of indications) are associated with an aggravated somatic status. Radical methods of treatment helped attain bone tissue recovery sooner (in 5-6 months) than after conservative therapy alone (in 8-9 months) and completely liquidate chronic foci of odontogenic infection.

[The x-ray manifestations of acquired deformities of the visceral cranium in children and adolescents]. / Rentgenologicheskie proiavleniia priobretennykh deformatsii litsevogo cherepa u detei i podrostkov.

X-ray image of changes in facial skull bones and temporomandibular articulation in 75 children and adolescents with a history of traumatic or inflammatory diseases or surgery for benign mandibular tumors in childhood is described. The deformation type did not present the specific features indicating the cause of the defect; its severity depended on the length of the defect existence and the depth of the injury to the mandibular growth area. Deformations of the lower third of the facial skull commonly develop soon after the underlying disease; changes in the upper segments of the skull develop later. If skin plasty was carried out simultaneously with tumor removal no facial skull deformations developed or these deformations were but negligible. The longer was the existence of the defect, the more coarse and vast were the changes in facial skull bones, that needed a combined surgical and orthodontic management.

[X-ray manifestations of fibrous dysplasia of the facial bones]. / Rentgenologicheskie proiavleniia fibroznoi displazii v kostakh litsevogo cherepa.

The paper is concerned with roentgenological characterization of mono- and poly-osseous fibrous dysplasia in cranial facial bones of 60 persons of both sexes and at a different age, of them 14 persons were under 14. Mono-osseous lesions after radical operations were shown to be capable of continued growth of rearranged osseous tissue in those cases when the periosteum was not completely removed.