[THE DIVERGENCE OF MEDICAL DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN RUSSIA].

The factors impacting demographic situation in largest cities are discussed. The transformation of correlation relationships ofvariation offertility and total mortality ofpopulation with intensity of its aging, labor payment, supply with physicians and capacity of medical institutions is analyzed

[The basic medical demographic indicators of population health of Russia up to 2013].

The actual medical demographic situation in Russia is characterized by positive trends of natality and mortality. At that, deepening of habitation differences in rate of lethal outcomes at the first year of life and gender differences in level of mortality at able-bodied age is established.

[The social capital and population health].

The article considers the interpersonal confidence as a frequently applied approximate estimate of social capital and as well as communicability and public activity. It is established that up to age of 50 years confidence to milieu factually has no effect to specific weight of respondents satisfied with one's own general state. The differences are insignificant and are multi-directional in the interval 41-45% in women and 53-56% in men. However, this confidence is associated with rising up to 1.3-1.4 times among persons 50-64 years old (from 14 to 18.5% and from 22.3 to 31.1% correspondingly, p < 0.05) and up to 1.8-2 times among persons 65 years and older (from 3.5 to 7.1%, p < 0.05 and from 7.4 to 13.1%, p < 0.05).

[The actual medical demographic situation in Russia].

The prospective decrease of portion of economically and reproductively active cohorts in the population structure as related to the demographic development of Russia is discussed. The dynamics of accumulation of risks of premature death and negative aspects of natality is demonstrated. The significance of qualitative prior to quantitative benchmarks in this area is substantiated.

[The health characteristics of the population dwelling the northern territories].

The role of the latitudinal gradient in the deepening of the regional differentiation of population health and in the effectiveness of the medical care organization is considered. The analysis of the actual trends in mortality, morbidity and medical aid appealability in the context of the three singled out groups of the Russian Federation subjects is given. The latitudinal differentiation of the basic public health indicators and their dependency on the resource supply and the workload of health care system is demonstrated. The need to take into account these characteristics in the process of elaboration of the social policy on the federal and regional levels is emphasized.

[The regional medical demographic characteristics in the Russian Federation].

The analysis of the aspects of demographic situation in several regions of the Russian Federation is made to determine the divergence of levels of life expectancy from 1998 to 2005. The key role of the male premature mortality in this respect is demonstrated. The contradiction of the revealed trends with the logic of development of resources supply and volumes of provided medical care is explained.

[The latent determinants of the reproduction of population].

A wide range of factors determining the actual dynamics of the fertility levels and their age-specific distribution is discussed. The unfavorable tendency of shifting the fertility model to the older age is demonstrated. The priority of the spiritual and moral determinants in the individual and public awareness to overcome the demographic crisis is founded.

[Peculiarities of medico-demographic processes in Russian Federation in the first half of the 21st century].

The authors analyze the modem dynamics in Russian population reproduction and its problems. Special attention is paid to the structure of mortality and regional variations in it. The mechanisms of changes beginning to take place nowadays, and their future development are discussed.

[The actual issues of fertility increase].

The analysis of objective and purposefully developed prerequisites of fertility increase after 2005 is given. It is noted that the material support of fertility will not provide the withdrawal from lingering demographic crisis without the development of attitude to many children and overall healthy family.

[On some aspects of the practice of the pathologoanatomic services].

It is demonstrated that the adequacy of the data of the structure of population mortality depends not so much upon the indicators of the practice of the pathologoanatomic services as upon the commitment both of the authorities and general community.

[Dynamics of mortality of able-bodied population in CIS countries].

Comparative analysis founded on WHO European database was carried out concerning mortality in progress as compared between Russia and CIS countries. It is testified that the Russian Federation is distinguished by excelling rate of reduction of able-bodied population of middle age group. It is suggested that in this process significant role is played by health care system defects along with life-style factors. Motivation for enhancing activity and attention of medical workers as related to this age group, especially males is needed.

[Problems of medical provision of elderly in Russia].

Review of problems related to morbidity, disability and mortality of the elderly and organization of their medical care in Russia and other countries.

[Murders and suicides as problem of public health].

Role of violence in public health deflection on international and regional levels is discussed. Data of public and sectoral statistics and sociological surveys is used. Social economic factors contributing to increase of victimization of Russian citizen is analyzed.

[Surgery in 1993-2002].

Analyzed in the paper are volumes and structure of surgery in 1993-2002. It is shown that the fluctuating and mismatching nature of surgical up trend observed both in hospitals and outpatient clinics contradicts the redistribution of scope of medical care in favor of its primary stage, which is not supported up to now by an appropriate personnel policy.

[The specificity of hygienic behavior of virtually healthy population].

An analysis of the results of a sociological study showed that both men and women aged around 50 and noting subjectively no chronic pathology regard health as a life value. Social hardships reliably worsen the preventive activity and limit its variability. An essential share of population (above 30%), while taking care of its health, does not give up such harmful habits as smoking and abuse of alcohol. The described data denote the need in not so much propagating the healthy mode of life as in motivating it. The disturbing trend towards ignoring the motivations targeted at health promotion deserves special attention; the above trend is observed in absence of age-related chronic pathologies and against the background of an improving social status especially in men.

[Quantitative assessment of impact of ambulatory polyclinic service on mortality].

Index, based on official statistic data, revealing regional differences and dynamics of medical care input into death rate is proposed. Its enhancing potential for health programs in ambulatory care is proved.

[On particular factors affecting demand in emergency medical care].

Comparative description of two groups of population--seeking and not seeking emergency medical care--is presented. To demonstrate dynamics of appealability for particular types of medical care official statistics data from 1999 to 2003 was used. To explore characteristics of health and self-care behavior in population seeking medical care data of survey carried out during 1999-2000 on various national territories was applied. In respondents seeking out-patient and in-patient care during a year demand in emergency medical care was higher in men than in women. In both genders this demand increases successively with age whereas contingent of persons who evaded extreme deterioration of health during a year reaches its maximum at the age of 30-49. More direct involvement of patient care institutions is needed with such patients as males, older people, indigent and least educated persons who are much less than others inclined and capable to obtain completeness and effectiveness of one's diagnostic and treatment.

[The structure of hospitalized patients in Russia]. / Struktura gospitalizirovannykh bol'nykh v Rossii.

Main trends in the time course of resource provision and volume of activities of hospitals in Russia and their specific regional features are analyzed. Comparison of the main parameters with those in the USA helped disclose the reserves of improving the efficiency of hospital treatment, an expensive type of medical care.