[Universal newborn hearing screening : Definition of uniform parameters by the Association of German Hearing Screening Centers as a requirement for nationwide evaluation with valid results]. / Universelles Neugeborenen-Hörscreening : Definition einheitlicher Parameter durch den Verband Deutscher Hörscreening-Zentralen (VDHZ) als Voraussetzung für eine flächendeckende Evaluation mit validen Ergebnissen.

BACKGROUND: Since 2009, all newborns in Germany have been entitled to universal neonatal hearing screening (UNHS). UNHS with tracking of test results leads to earlier detection of hearing disorders. The Association of German Hearing Screening Centers (Verband Deutscher Hörscreening-Zentralen, VDHZ) was founded to promote nationwide tracking, validity and quality control of UNHS results. OBJECTIVES: A comparable data structure in the different screening centers, with uniform definitions of primary parameters is essential for the nationwide evaluation of UNHS results. To address the question of whether a data structure with comparable definitions already exists or still has to be created, the existing structures and primary parameter definitions in the hearing screening centers should be investigated and compared. METHODS: A survey was conducted in all hearing screening centers to assess how data on the primary UNHS parameters defined in pediatric guidelines was gathered. In the case of discrepancies, uniform definitions were created. Finally, the practicability of these definitions was evaluated. RESULTS: Due to differing definitions of primary parameters, some of the data were not comparable between the individual centers. Therefore, uniform definitions were created in a consensus process. In the centers, the screening method, the two-step first screening and the result of the first screening now correspond to these uniform definitions. Other parameters, e.g. the total number of newborns, still vary widely, rendering the comparison of screening rates almost impossible. CONCLUSION: Valid evaluation of UNHS not only requires nationwide establishment of hearing screening centers, but also unified data structures and parameter definitions.

Left ventricular inotropic reserve and right ventricular function predict increase of left ventricular ejection fraction after beta-blocker therapy in nonischemic cardiomyopathy.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether higher left ventricular inotropic reserve, defined as the increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in response to intravenous dobutamine infusion, or other ventriculographic variables predict the increase in LVEF after beta-blocker therapy in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). BACKGROUND: Long-term beta-blocker therapy increases LVEF in some patients with NICM. Other than dose, there are no definite predictors of LVEF increase. METHODS: Thirty patients with LVEF < or = 0.35 and NICM underwent assessment of LVEF at rest and after a 10-min intravenous infusion of dobutamine at 10 microg/kg/min, using equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. Age was 49 +/- 11 years, 33% women, functional class 2.6 +/- 0.5, duration of chronic heart failure 3.2 +/- 2.9 years, LVEF 0.21 +/- 0.07, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index 180 +/- 64 ml/m2. Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was abnormal in 37%. Mean dobutamine-induced augmentation of LVEF (DoALVEF) was 0.12 +/- 0.08. Patients were started on one of three beta-blockers (carvedilol, bucindolol or metoprolol) and the dose was advanced to the maximum tolerated. RESULTS: Left ventricular ejection fraction, reassessed 7.4 +/- 5.9 months after maximum beta-blocker dose was reached, increased to 0.34 +/- 0.13 (p = 0.0006). The following baseline variables correlated with improvement of LVEF: DoALVEF (p = 0.001), RVEF (p = 0.005), systolic blood pressure at end of dobutamine infusion (p = 0.02) and dose of beta-blocker (p = 0.07). In a multivariate analysis, only DoALVEF (p = 0.0003) and RVEF (p = 0.002) were predictive of the increase in LVEF. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy who have higher left ventricular inotropic reserve and normal RVEF derive higher increase in LVEF from beta-blocker therapy.

Dobutamine-induced augmentation of left ventricular ejection fraction predicts survival of heart failure patients with severe non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy.

AIMS: The prognosis of patients with severe non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy is variable. The predictive value of currently utilized tests is suboptimal. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic value of dobutamine-induced augmentation of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-two patients with left ventricular ejection fraction < or =0.30 underwent exercise testing with gas exchange analysis and assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction at rest and after a 10-min intravenous infusion of dobutamine at 10 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1), using equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. Age was 48+/-11 years, 32% females, functional class 2.6+/-0.6, resting left ventricular ejection fraction 0.20+/-0.06, and peak exercise oxygen consumption (mVO2) 19+/-6 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). Mean dobutamine-induced augmentation of left ventricular ejection fraction (DeltaLVEF) was 0.09+/-0.06 (median 0.08, range -0.03 to 0.26). Follow-up was 25+/-15 months during which there were 12 deaths and five transplantations. Patients were divided into two groups based on median DeltaLVEF. The transplant-free survival was better in the group with higher DeltaLVEF (94% vs 64%, P<0.008). In multivariate analysis incorporating age, gender, duration of chronic heart failure, functional class, right and left ventricular ejection fraction, DeltaLVEF, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, and mVO2, only DeltaLVEF was predictive of 1-year, 3-year, and overall transplant-free survival (RR 0.09, 0.03, and 0.13;P 0.03, 0.09, and 0.08 respectively). The linear correlation between DeltaLVEF and mVO2(r=0.3) and between DeltaLVEF and left ventricular ejection fraction (r=0.5) was weak. CONCLUSION: Dobutamine-induced augmentation of left ventricular ejection fraction is a strong prognostic variable, independent of exercise capacity and resting ventriculographic variables, in severe non-ischaemic systolic dysfunctional heart failure.

Effect of heart failure program on cardiovascular drug utilization and dosage in patients with chronic heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Utilization and dosage of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) remain low. Recent data suggest that care of patients with CHF in specialized heart failure programs is associated with improved clinical outcomes. HYPOTHESIS: Specialized heart failure care is associated with better utilization and higher dose of cardiovascular drugs. METHODS: Data from 133 patients with CHF referred to a heart failure program were analyzed. Mean functional class 3.1 +/- 0.5, left ventricular ejection fraction 19 +/- 8. Utilization and doses of cardiovascular drugs were examined at initial evaluation and at last visit, after an average period of 17 +/- 14 months. Hospitalization and survival data were determined. RESULTS: Utilization of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers increased from 87 to 100% (p < 0.001). Average daily dose increased by 60%, from the equivalent of captopril 105 +/- 78 mg to 167 +/- 86 mg (p < 0.001). Utilization of the following drugs increased significantly: beta blockers (16-37%, p < 0.001), metolazone (10-23%, p = 0.007), spironolactone (1-36%, p < 0.001), amiodarone (7-15%, p = 0.05), hydralazine (1-9%, p = 0.004), and nitrates (20-33%, p = 0.03). One-year survival was 90%. The 3- and 6-month hospitalization rates for heart failure were 4 and 7%, and for all cardiovascular causes they were 6 and 11%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Care of patients with CHF in a specialized heart failure program was associated with significant increase in the utilization and doses of all beneficial cardiovascular drugs, especially ACE inhibitors. It was also associated with excellent clinical outcomes.

Effect of intracoronary saline infusion on dissection during excimer laser coronary angioplasty: a randomized trial. The Percutaneous Excimer Laser Coronary Angioplasty (PELCA) Investigators.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate whether intracoronary saline infusion during excimer laser coronary angioplasty decreases the incidence of significant laser-induced coronary artery dissections. BACKGROUND: Despite procedural success rates > 90%, coronary artery dissections occur in 17% to 27% of excimer laser coronary angioplasty procedures. Excimer laser irradiation of blood results in vapor bubble formation and acoustomechanical trauma to the vessel wall. Saline infusion into a coronary artery may minimize blood irradiation and consequent arterial wall damage. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, controlled study, consecutive patients undergoing excimer laser coronary angioplasty were randomly assigned to conventional laser irradiation in a blood medium or to laser irradiation with blood displacement by intracoronary saline infusion. In the patients randomized to intracoronary saline infusion, prewarmed normal saline was injected through the coronary artery guide catheter at a rate of 1 to 2 ml/s using a power injector. The incidence and severity of dissection after excimer laser ablation were evaluated in a core laboratory by angiographers with no knowledge of treatment assignment. The severity of coronary artery dissection was rated on an ordinal scale of 1 to 5. Dissections of grade 2 or higher were considered significant. RESULTS: The mean (+/- SE) dissection grade after laser angioplasty in patients treated with intracoronary saline infusion was 0.43 +/- 0.13 compared with 0.91 +/- 0.26 in patients undergoing laser angioplasty in a blood medium. The incidence of significant dissection was 7% in saline-treated patients compared with 24% in conventionally treated patients (p < 0.05). No significant complications were associated with saline infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Intracoronary saline infusion should be incorporated into all excimer laser coronary angioplasty procedures.