ABSTRACT
The article presents overview of modern concepts about application of artificial intelligence (AI) in pharmacotherapy to decrease risk of developing undesirable side effects of medications. The possibilities of applying AI in selection of optimal medicine or combination of medicines and prediction of treatment results are considered. The choice of the best medicine for patient usually requires integration of data of results of comprehensive examination of patient considering success of genetics and/or proteomics as well as data about chemical descriptors of compounds of medications. The prognosis of medication interactions is often based on indicators of similarity assuming that medications with analogous structures or targets will have comparable behavior or may impede each other. The optimization of scheme of dosage of medicines is implemented applying mathematical models to interpret pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data.
Subject(s)
Artificial Intelligence , Medicine , Humans , ComputersABSTRACT
In rats rearing in social isolation since 17th day of life and treated with 5-15% ethanol solution within 3 months, the effects of antidepressants on self-stimulation of lateral hypothalamus and place preference were studied. The comparative study of seven antidepressants with different mechanism of action (fluoxetine, maprotiline, tianaptine, pyrazidol, sertraline, citalopram, mianserin) was shown that pyrazidol and tianeptine and in a less degree sertraline and citalopram possessed the significant antidepressant activity in the model of social isolation and maprotiline and tianeptine did in model of alcoholization. It is concluded that antidepressants studied activate the reinforcing properties of the brain, that is associated with the involvement of both the catecholamine and serotonin system, working reciprocally.
Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Ethanol/pharmacology , Hypothalamic Area, Lateral/drug effects , Self Stimulation/drug effects , Social Isolation , Animals , Conditioning, Operant , Ethanol/administration & dosage , Hypothalamic Area, Lateral/physiology , Male , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
The depression-like state was modeled in rats by means of restricted social experience in the early ontogenesis (growth under conditions of isolation since 17th day of life). This state is characterized with increased motor and exploratory activity, anxiety, depression, aggression, and hyperreactivity of reinforcement. This state can be considered as a syndrome of social isolation (isolant depression syndrome). The most pronounced and significant manifestations of the depression-like state due to social isolation were the increased levels of anxiety and aggression. A comparative study of three antidepressants with different mechanism of action (maprotiline, fluoxetine, tianeptine) on this model showed that tianeptine possessed the most pronounced antidepressant activity. This drug reduced the anxiety and aggression in isolants, which was probably related to serotonin-modulating activity of this drug.
