ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Work-related asthma (WRA) is the most prevalent occupational respiratory disease, and it has negative effects on socioeconomic standing, asthma control, quality of life, and mental health status. Most of the studies on WRA consequences are from high-income countries; there is a lack of information on these effects in Latin America and in middle-income countries. METHODS: This study compared socioeconomic, asthma control, quality of life, and psychological outcomes among individuals diagnosed with WRA and non-work-related asthma (NWRA) in a middle-income country. Patients with asthma, related and not related to work, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to assess their occupational history and socioeconomic conditions, and with questionnaires to assess asthma control (Asthma Control Test and Asthma Control Questionnaire-6), quality of life (Juniper's Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire), and presence of anxiety and depression symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Each patient's medical record was reviewed for exams and use of medication, and comparisons were made between individuals with WRA and NWRA. RESULTS: The study included 132 patients with WRA and 130 with NWRA. Individuals with WRA had worse socioeconomic outcomes, worse asthma control, more quality-of-life impairment, and a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression than individuals with NWRA. Among individuals with WRA, those who had been removed from occupational exposure had a worse socioeconomic impact. CONCLUSIONS: Consequences on socioeconomic, asthma control, quality of life, and psychological status are worse for WRA individuals when compared with NWRA.
Subject(s)
Asthma, Occupational , Asthma , Occupational Diseases , Occupational Exposure , Humans , Quality of Life , Cross-Sectional Studies , Asthma/epidemiology , Asthma/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Socioeconomic Factors , Quality Control , Asthma, Occupational/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Work-related asthma (WRA) is highly prevalent in the adult population. WRA includes occupational asthma (OA), which is asthma caused by workplace exposures, and work-exacerbated asthma (WEA), also known as work-aggravated asthma, which is preexisting or concurrent asthma worsened by workplace conditions. In adults, the estimated prevalence of OA is 16.0%, whereas that of WEA is 21.5%. An increasing number of chemicals used in industrial production, households, and services are associated with the incidence of adult-onset asthma attributable to exposure to chemicals. This review article summarizes the different types of WRA and describes diagnostic procedures, treatment, prevention, and approaches to patient management. It is not always easy to distinguish between OA and WEA. It is important to establish a diagnosis (of sensitizer-/irritant-induced OA or WEA) in order to prevent worsening of symptoms, as well as to prevent other workers from being exposed, by providing early treatment and counseling on social security and work-related issues.
