Effect of nutraceutical supplementation on semen quality in stallions.

BACKGROUND: The use of reproductive biotechnologies in equine practice has shown that some stallions are subfertile, so ways to improve fertility have been sought. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nutraceutical supplementation on improving semen quality in Quarter Horse stallions. METHODS: Semen from six Quarter Horse stallions was assessed for 4 months every 20 days using the computer-assisted semen analysis system. They were evaluated for 60 days before supplementation; then, the same stallions were re-evaluated for 60 days with nutraceutical supplementation (30 g/day). RESULTS: Volume showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) with nutraceuticals. Sperm concentration (10x6 ) was significantly higher with supplementation (339.4 ± 17.5 sperm/mL) than without supplementation (224.6 ± 19.9). Sperm abnormalities (%) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower with supplementation (14.3 ± 0.6) than without supplementation (19.1 ± 0.4). Sperm kinematic parameters, total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), rectilinear velocity (VSL), the velocity of the trajectory (VAP) and curvilinear velocity (VCL), were significantly better with supplementation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, it is concluded that nutraceutical supplementation improved semen parameters in Quarter Horse stallions.

Clinical and ultrasonographic findings associated with testicular infiltration in pediatric patients with leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Testicular infiltration is infrequent in pediatric patients with leukemia and can be confused with other testicular conditions. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the presence of clinical and radiological features suggestive of testicular disease and its histological association with leukemia infiltration. METHOD: Retrospective and analytical observational study that included patients with diagnosis of leukemia who underwent biopsy for suspected testicular infiltration. The relationship with the variables analyzed were diagnosis, reason for taking the biopsy, ultrasound findings, stage of treatment, induration, increased volume and pain, with testicular infiltration. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were included; 11 of them with microlithiasis, of which one 1 reported infiltration (odds ratio: 0.075; p = 0.026), no association was found between ultrasound findings and the presence of infiltration. Clinical findings were significantly associated with positive biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: No risk association was found with the ultrasound findings such as microlithiasis and hypoechoic imaging. The clinically evident testicular disease (testicular enlargement and testicular induration) has a significant statistic association with the presence of leukemia infiltration.

ANTECEDENTES: La infiltración testicular en pacientes pediátricos con leucemia es infrecuente y puede ser confundida con otros padecimientos testiculares. OBJETIVO: Analizar la presencia de características clínicas y radiológicas sugestivas de enfermedad testicular y su asociación histológica con infiltración por leucemia. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional retrospectivo y analítico que incluyó a los pacientes con diagnóstico de leucemia sometidos a biopsia por sospecha de infiltración testicular. Se analizó la relación con las variables diagnóstico de base, motivo de toma de biopsia, hallazgos ultrasonográficos, etapa del tratamiento, induración, aumento de volumen y dolor, con infiltración a testículo. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 18 pacientes; de ellos, 11 con microlitiasis, de los cuales solo uno reportado con infiltración (odds ratio: 0.075; p = 0.026). No se encontró una asociación entre los hallazgos ultrasonográficos y la presencia de infiltración. Los hallazgos clínicos se asociaron significativamente con biopsias positivas. CONCLUSIONES: No se encontró una asociación de riesgo con los hallazgos por ultrasonido, como microlitiasis e imágenes hipoecogénicas. La enfermedad testicular clínicamente evidente (incremento de volumen e induración testicular) tiene una asociación estadísticamente significativa con la presencia de infiltración por leucemia.

Sleep matters: Neurodegeneration spectrum heterogeneity, combustion and friction ultrafine particles, industrial nanoparticle pollution, and sleep disorders-Denial is not an option.

Sustained exposures to ubiquitous outdoor/indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5), including combustion and friction ultrafine PM (UFPM) and industrial nanoparticles (NPs) starting in utero, are linked to early pediatric and young adulthood aberrant neural protein accumulation, including hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), beta-amyloid (Aß1 - 42), α-synuclein (α syn) and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), hallmarks of Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). UFPM from anthropogenic and natural sources and NPs enter the brain through the nasal/olfactory pathway, lung, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, skin, and placental barriers. On a global scale, the most important sources of outdoor UFPM are motor traffic emissions. This study focuses on the neuropathology heterogeneity and overlap of AD, PD, FTLD, and ALS in older adults, their similarities with the neuropathology of young, highly exposed urbanites, and their strong link with sleep disorders. Critical information includes how this UFPM and NPs cross all biological barriers, interact with brain soluble proteins and key organelles, and result in the oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrial stress, neuroinflammation, DNA damage, protein aggregation and misfolding, and faulty complex protein quality control. The brain toxicity of UFPM and NPs makes them powerful candidates for early development and progression of fatal common neurodegenerative diseases, all having sleep disturbances. A detailed residential history, proximity to high-traffic roads, occupational histories, exposures to high-emission sources (i.e., factories, burning pits, forest fires, and airports), indoor PM sources (tobacco, wood burning in winter, cooking fumes, and microplastics in house dust), and consumption of industrial NPs, along with neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric histories, are critical. Environmental pollution is a ubiquitous, early, and cumulative risk factor for neurodegeneration and sleep disorders. Prevention of deadly neurological diseases associated with air pollution should be a public health priority.

Fall Risk, Sleep Behavior, and Sleep-Related Movement Disorders in Young Urbanites Exposed to Air Pollution.

BACKGROUND: Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau, amyloid-ß, α-synuclein, and TDP-43 pathology had been documented in 202/203 forensic autopsies in Metropolitan Mexico City ≤40-year-olds with high exposures to ultrafine particulate matter and engineered nanoparticles. Cognition deficits, gait, equilibrium abnormalities, and MRI frontal, temporal, caudate, and cerebellar atrophy are documented in young adults. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify an association between falls, probable Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder (pRBD), restless leg syndrome (RLS), and insomnia in 2,466 Mexican, college-educated volunteers (32.5±12.4 years). METHODS: The anonymous, online study applied the pRBD and RLS Single-Questions and self-reported night-time sleep duration, excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and falls. RESULTS: Fall risk was strongly associated with pRBD and RLS. Subjects who fell at least once in the last year have an OR = 1.8137 [1.5352, 2.1426] of answering yes to pRBD and/or RLS questions, documented in 29% and 24% of volunteers, respectively. Subjects fell mostly outdoors (12:01 pm to 6:00 pm), 43% complained of early wake up hours, and 35% complained of sleep onset insomnia (EOI). EOI individuals have an OR of 2.5971 [2.1408, 3.1506] of answering yes to the RLS question. CONCLUSION: There is a robust association between falls, pRBD, and RLS, strongly suggesting misfolded proteinopathies involving critical brainstem arousal and motor hubs might play a crucial role. Nanoparticles are likely a significant risk for falls, sleep disorders, insomnia, and neurodegenerative lethal diseases, thus characterizing air particulate pollutants' chemical composition, emission sources, and cumulative exposure concentrations are strongly recommended.

TDP-43 CSF Concentrations Increase Exponentially with Age in Metropolitan Mexico City Young Urbanites Highly Exposed to PM2.5 and Ultrafine Particles and Historically Showing Alzheimer and Parkinson's Hallmarks. Brain TDP-43 Pathology in MMC Residents Is Associated with High Cisternal CSF TDP-43 Concentrations.

Environmental exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ultrafine particle matter (UFPM) are associated with overlapping Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) hallmark protein pathologies in young Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) urbanites. We measured CSF concentrations of TDP-43 in 194 urban residents, including 92 MMC children aged 10.2 ± 4.7 y exposed to PM2.5 levels above the USEPA annual standard and to high UFPM and 26 low pollution controls (11.5 ± 4.4 y); 43 MMC adults (42.3 ± 15.9 y) and 14 low pollution adult controls (33.1 ± 12.0 y); and 19 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients (52.4 ± 14.1 y). TDP-43 neuropathology and cisternal CSF data from 20 subjects­15 MMC (41.1 ± 18.9 y) and 5 low pollution controls (46 ± 16.01 y)­were included. CSF TDP-43 exponentially increased with age (p < 0.0001) and it was higher for MMC residents. TDP-43 cisternal CSF levels of 572 ± 208 pg/mL in 6/15 MMC autopsy cases forecasted TDP-43 in the olfactory bulb, medulla and pons, reticular formation and motor nuclei neurons. A 16 y old with TDP-43 cisternal levels of 1030 pg/mL exhibited TDP-43 pathology and all 15 MMC autopsy cases exhibited AD and PD hallmarks. Overlapping TDP-43, AD and PD pathologies start in childhood in urbanites with high exposures to PM2.5 and UFPM. Early, sustained exposures to PM air pollution represent a high risk for developing brains and MMC UFPM emissions sources ought to be clearly identified, regulated, monitored and controlled. Prevention of deadly neurologic diseases associated with air pollution ought to be a public health priority and preventive medicine is key.

Discovering the effect of solvents on poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate) grafting onto chitosan for an in vitro skin model.

The design of controlled grafting copolymers is critical in synthesizing effective artificial cellular matrices because of their regulatory role in cellular behavior. However, it is unclear whether poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate) grafted onto chitosan generated by gamma-radiation-induced graft polymerization in different solvents can influence the physicochemical properties and biotech applicability of the copolymer. This work aims to demonstrate for the first time the effect of various solvents on the synthesis, properties, and biological performance of grafted chitosan using the simultaneous irradiation method. The results proved that the solvent is one of the critical factors affecting the properties of the modified polysaccharide. The degree of grafting showed a solvent-dependent profile. Hexane presented utmost importance concerning the degree of grafting. Ethyl acetate showed the best results in grafting extent and human dermal fibroblast growth. These findings indicate that proper solvent selection determines the possible copolymer use for in vitro engineered skin substitute models.

Brainstem Quadruple Aberrant Hyperphosphorylated Tau, Beta-Amyloid, Alpha-Synuclein and TDP-43 Pathology, Stress and Sleep Behavior Disorders.

Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau (p-τ), amyloid-ß peptide, alpha-synuclein and TDP-43 brainstem and supratentorial pathology are documented in forensic ≤40y autopsies in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC), and p-τ is the major aberrant protein. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an elevated risk of subsequent dementia, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is documented in PD, AD, Lewy body dementia and ALS. This study aimed to identify an association between PTSD and potential pRBD in Mexico. An anonymous online survey of 4502 urban college-educated adults, 29.3 ± 10.3 years; MMC, n = 1865; non-MMC, n = 2637, measured PTSD symptoms using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and pRBD symptoms using the RBD Single-Question. Over 50% of the participants had IES-R scores ≥33 indicating probable PTSD. pRBD was identified in 22.6% of the participants across Mexico and 32.7% in MMC residents with PTSD. MMC subjects with PTSD had an OR 2.6218 [2.5348, 2.7117] of answering yes to the pRBD. PTSD and pRBD were more common in women. This study showed an association between PTSD and pRBD, strengthening the possibility of a connection with misfolded proteinopathies in young urbanites. We need to confirm the RBD diagnosis using an overnight polysomnogram. Mexican women are at high risk for stress and sleep disorders.

Sociodemographic and Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Psychomotor Retardation in Infants under Two Years Old in Tabasco / Factores de riesgo sociodemográficos y maternos asociados al retraso psicomotor en infantes menores de dos años en Tabasco / Fatores de risco sociodemográficos e maternos associados ao atraso psicomotor em crianças menores de dois anos em Tabasco

Abstract Introduction: Adequate psychomotor development during the first years of life significantly impacts the growth of each infant, so the timely detection of risk factors that affect this development is of vital importance. The objective was to determine sociodemographic and maternal factors associated with the presentation of psychomotor retardation in infants under two years old who attended the Centro de Rehabilitación y Educación Especial in Villahermosa (Tabasco, Mexico) in 2017. Materials and methods: An observational, retrospective study of cases and controls in infants under two years old. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire consisting of 45 questions, which included variables such as psychomotor retardation, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors, that used Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test, with a significant correlation of p <.05 being accepted . Results: A low social class showed a significant relationship with psychomotor retardation (p =.000), while the presence of infections at a very young age in the newborn, a family history of psychomotor retardation, and a history of disease during pregnancy showed a value of p <.05. Conclusión: A low socioeconomic status, pregnancy-associated diseases such as malnutrition, high blood pressure, and traumatic accidents, as well as infectious diseases at birth were the main factors that conditioned psychomotor retardation.

Resumen Introducción: el adecuado desarrollo psicomotor en los primeros años de vida influye significativamente en el crecimiento de cada sujeto, por lo que la detección oportuna de factores de riesgo que lo afecten es de vital importancia. El objetivo fue determinar factores sociodemográficos y maternos asociados a la presentación del retraso psicomotor en infantes menores de dos años que acudieron al Centro de Rehabilitación y Educación Especial en Villahermosa (Tabasco, México) en el 2017. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional, retrospectivo de casos y controles en infantes menores de dos años. Los datos se recolectaron mediante un cuestionario de 45 ítems, que incluyó variables como retraso psicomotor, factores de riesgo prenatales, perinatales y posnatales. Se emplearon las pruebas chi cuadrado de Pearson y la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se aceptó una correlación significativa de p<0.05. Resultados: el estrato social bajo mostró una relación significativa con el retraso psicomotor (p = 0.000), así como la presencia de infecciones a una edad muy temprana en el recién nacido, el historial de antecedente familiar y el antecedente de enfermedad en el embarazo (p<0.05). Conclusión: un estatus socioeconómico bajo, enfermedades asociadas al embarazo como malnutrición, hipertensión arterial y accidentes traumáticos, además de las enfermedades infecciosas al nacer, fueron los principales factores que condicionaron el retraso psicomotor.

Resumo Introdução: o adequado desenvolvimento psicomotor nos primeiros anos de vida impacta significativamente no crescimento de cada sujeito, pelo que a detecção oportuna de fatores de risco que o afetem é de vital importância. O objetivo foi determinar fatores sociodemográficos e maternos associados à apresentação do atraso psicomotor em crianças menores de dois anos que acorrem ao Centro de Reabilitação e Educação Especial em Villahermosa (Tabasco, México) em 2017. Materiais e métodos: estudo observa-cional, retrospectivo de casos e controles em crianças menores de dois anos. A recolecção de dados se realizou mediante um questionário de 45 itens o qual incluiu variáveis como atraso psicomotor, fatores de risco pré-natais, perinatais, e pós-natais, empregando as provas qui-quadrado de Pearson, prova exata de Fisher. Se aceitou uma correlação significativa de p<.05. Resultados: o estrato social baixo mostrou relação significativa com o atraso psicomotor (p=.000); também a presença de infeções a uma idade muito precoce no recém-nascido, o historial de antecedente familiar e antecedente de doença na gravidez (p<.05). Conclusão: o status socioeconómico baixo, doenças associadas à gravidez como subnutrição, hipertensão arterial e acidentes traumáticos, para além das doenças infeciosas ao nascer, foram os principais fatores que condicionaram o atraso psicomotor.

Gait and balance disturbances are common in young urbanites and associated with cognitive impairment. Air pollution and the historical development of Alzheimer's disease in the young.

To determine whether gait and balance dysfunction are present in young urbanites exposed to fine particular matter PM2.5 ≥ annual USEPA standard, we tested gait and balance with Tinetti and Berg tests in 575 clinically healthy subjects, age 21.0 ±â€¯5.7 y who were residents in Metropolitan Mexico City, Villahermosa and Reynosa. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment was also applied to an independent cohort n:76, age 23.3 ±â€¯9.1 y. In the 575 cohort, 75.4% and 34.4% had abnormal total Tinetti and Berg scores and high risk of falls in 17.2% and 5.7% respectively. BMI impacted negatively Tinetti and Berg performance. Gait dysfunction worsen with age and males performed worse than females. Gait and balance dysfunction were associated with mild cognitive impairment MCI (19.73%) and dementia (55.26%) in 57/76 and 19 cognitively intact subjects had gait and balance dysfunction. Seventy-five percent of urbanites exposed to PM2.5 had gait and balance dysfunction. For MMC residents-with historical documented Alzheimer disease (AD) and CSF abnormalities, these findings suggest Alzheimer Continuum is in progress. Early development of a Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome ought to be considered in city dwellers with normal cognition and gait dysfunction. The AD research frame in PM2.5 exposed young urbanites should include gait and balance measurements. Multicity teens and young adult cohorts are warranted for quantitative gait and balance measurements and neuropsychological and brain imaging studies in high vs low PM2.5 exposures. Early identification of gait and balance impairment in young air pollution-exposed urbanites would facilitate multidisciplinary prevention efforts for modifying the course of AD.

Environmental Nanoparticles, SARS-CoV-2 Brain Involvement, and Potential Acceleration of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases in Young Urbanites Exposed to Air Pollution.

Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD, PD) have a pediatric and young adult onset in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC). The SARS-CoV-2 neurotropic RNA virus is triggering neurological complications and deep concern regarding acceleration of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes already in progress. This review, based on our MMC experience, will discuss two major issues: 1) why residents chronically exposed to air pollution are likely to be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 systemic and brain effects and 2) why young people with AD and PD already in progress will accelerate neurodegenerative processes. Secondary mental consequences of social distancing and isolation, fear, financial insecurity, violence, poor health support, and lack of understanding of the complex crisis are expected in MMC residents infected or free of SARS-CoV-2. MMC residents with pre-SARS-CoV-2 accumulation of misfolded proteins diagnostic of AD and PD and metal-rich, magnetic nanoparticles damaging key neural organelles are an ideal host for neurotropic SARS-CoV-2 RNA virus invading the body through the same portals damaged by nanoparticles: nasal olfactory epithelium, the gastrointestinal tract, and the alveolar-capillary portal. We urgently need MMC multicenter retrospective-prospective neurological and psychiatric population follow-up and intervention strategies in place in case of acceleration of neurodegenerative processes, increased risk of suicide, and mental disease worsening. Identification of vulnerable populations and continuous effort to lower air pollution ought to be critical steps.

Percepción del médico residente sobre la asignatura de salud mental en el tercer año del residentado médico de una universidad pública de Lima-Perú / The Perception Of Resident Physicians On The Subject Of Mental Health In The Third Year Of The Medical Residency Of A Public University In Lima-Peru

Introducción: La salud mental es un tema que ha tomado gran importancia en los últimos años yse ha vuelto parte sustancial en muchos programas de formación alrededor del mundo. Objetivo:Determinar la percepción del médico residente de la asignatura de salud mental durante el último añodel residentado médico. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal con una muestrade 130 estudiantes del curso de Salud mental de la residencia médica impartida por la UniversidadNacional Federico Villarreal que fueron encuestados con un formulario de 10 preguntas que buscabaconocer las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre este curso. El muestreo fue no probabilístico.Resultados: De los 130 encuestados, 57,69% eran mujeres y 13,85% eran pediatras, 57,69% realizabanuna especialidad clínica y 58,46% hacia la residencia por modalidad libre. Se hizo un análisis exploratorio:sobre la importancia del curso se encontraron diferencias con el rango de edad (p = 0,038) y modalidadde la residencia (p = 0,05). Además, con respecto a la aceptación del curso se encontraron diferenciascon el rango de edad (p = 0,021) y tipo de residencia (p = 0,053). Conclusión: Los participantes delcurso de salud mental del residentado médico tienen buena aceptación de la asignatura y se consideraimportante.

Introduction: Mental health is a topic that has taken on great importance in recent years and hasbecome a substantial part of many training programs around the world. Objective: Determine theperception of the resident doctor of the mental health subject during the last year of the medicalresidency. Methods: Observational, descriptive and transversal study with a sample of 130 students ofthe Mental Health course of the medical residency given by the Universidad Nacional Federico Villarrealwho were surveyed with a 10-question form that sought to know the students' perceptions about thiscourse. The sample was non-probabilistic. Results: Of the 130 students surveyed, 57.69% were womenand 13.85% were pediatricians, 57.69% were in a clinical specialty and 58.46% were in a residencyprogram. An exploratory analysis was made: concerning the importance of the course, differenceswith age range (p = 0.038) and residency modality (p = 0.005) were found. Besides, with respect to theacceptance of the course, differences with age range (p = 0.021) and type of residence (p = 0.053) werefound. Conclusion: The participants of the mental health course of the medical resident have goodacceptance of the subject and consider it important.

Parametrization with Explicit Water of Solvents Used in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Cyclic Carbonates and Linear Ethers.

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study carbonates and ethers that are widely used as electrolytes in energy storage devices. The first type contains in their molecular geometry a hydrocarbon tail of ethylene, propylene, and butylene whereas in the second type, the tail comprises 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 1,2-diethoxyethane. The evaluation of optimized potential for liquid simulations (OPLS), CHARMM, and GROMOS force fields for some of the solvents shows poor agreement with experimental thermodynamic and transport properties leading us to parameterize those solvents using the OPLS parameters as the starting point. A systematic procedure that uses the solubility of the solvents as the target property in simulations with explicit water is applied. The transferability of the parameters of the smallest cyclic or linear molecules was used to simulate systems with longer hydrocarbon chains. The optimized parameter reproduce the experimental solubility of butylene carbonate and 1,2-diethoxyethane in water. The interaction parameters were used to obtain the self-diffusion coefficients of ions of the salt LiPF6 at 1 M concentration in mixtures with ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate. The simulation results for pure components and mixtures with the new parameters are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.

Constrained dipole moment density functional theory for charge distributions in force fields for the study of molecular fluids.

A new procedure, based on electronic structure calculations that only requires a dipole moment value for a given molecule as input and, from which the charges for all the atoms in it are uniquely determined, is developed and applied to the study of molecular fluids with classical dynamics. The dipole moment value considered for the isolated molecule is the one that reproduces the dielectric constant of its corresponding fluid. Following previous work, the Lennard-Jones parameters are determined to reproduce the liquid density and the surface tension at the liquid-vapor interface. The force field thus obtained leads to a reasonable description of several properties such as heats of vaporization, self-diffusion coefficients, shear viscosities, isothermal compressibilities, and volumetric expansion coefficients of pure substances.

Coronary anatomy of Commerson's dolphin (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) / Anatomia coronaria de la tonina overa (Cephalorhynchus commersonii)

The Commerson's dolphin (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) is an odontocete cetacean specie that lies in the waters of the southern hemisphere. With the aim of studying the course and distribution of Cephalorhynchus commersonii's coronary arteries, an exhaustive heart dissection was performed on one specimen. To the extent of our knowledge, and basing upon an extensive bibliographic research on the commersonii species, this is the first reported description of a Commerson's dolphin heart anatomy. Despite the fact that the analysis of a unique specimen does not allow to establish final conclusions, comparisons reveal broad similarities between Cephalorhynchus commersonii's coronary distribution and previous anatomical studies describing the heart of various marine diving mammals and the human fetus circulation. Diving mammals have developed an anastomotic system along evolution, in order to adjust their bodies to diving imposed conditions, and minimize the oxygen demand of the heart muscle. The present work begins with the identification of the patterns and similarities between Commerson's dolphin heart anatomy when compared to other odontecete species, to continue with an exhaustive description of the Commerson's dolphin coronary anatomy.

La tonina overa (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) es una especie de cetáceo odontoceto que se encuentra en las aguas del hemisferio sur. Con el objetivo de estudiar el curso y la distribución de las arterias coronarias de Cephalorhynchus commersonii, se realizó una disección exhaustiva del corazón de un ejemplar. Hasta donde sabemos, y basándonos en una extensa investigación bibliográfica sobre la especie, esta es la primera descripción informada de la anatomía de un corazón de este ejemplar. A pesar de que el análisis de una sola muestra no permite establecer conclusiones finales, las comparaciones revelan amplias similitudes entre la distribución coronaria de Cephalorhynchus commersonii, los estudios anatómicos previos que describen el corazón de varios mamíferos marinos buceadores, y la circulación del feto humano. Los mamíferos buceadores han desarrollado un sistema anastomótico a lo largo de la evolución para ajustar sus cuerpos a las condiciones impuestas por el buceo y minimizar la demanda de oxígeno del músculo cardíaco. El presente trabajo comienza con la identificación de los patrones y similitudes entre la anatomía del corazón de tonina overa en comparación con otras especies odontecetas, continuando con una descripción exhaustiva de la anatomía coronaria.

Guía de Práctica Clínica para el Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Esclerosis Múltiple en Adultos / Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnostic and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis in Adults

La Esclerosis Múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad crónica del sistema nervioso central, para la cual aún no hay una cura definitiva; sin embargo, existe una diversa variedad de terapias con el objetivo de modificar el curso natural de la enfermedad, que promueve la inclusión constante de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas. Objetivo: La Sociedad Peruana de Neurología, por encargo del Ministerio de Salud, convocó a un comité de expertos con el objetivo de elaborar una guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de EM. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda y evaluación de guías de práctica clínica bajo la metodología AGREE II, escogiendo como modelo la Guía de Práctica Clínica Catalana. Las preguntas clínicas no concernientes al tratamiento fueron resueltas a través de revisión sistemática. Las preguntas clínicas de tratamiento se diseñaron bajo el formato PICO y se resolvieron con un meta-análisis de ensayos clínicos disponibles hasta agosto del 2017, tomando en consideración las terapias aprobadas por DIGEMID hasta enero del 2017. Las recomendaciones finales fueron elaboradas mediante el método Delphi modificado con un consenso de al menos 80% de los miembros de su comité. Finalmente se realizó una revisión externa del manuscrito por expertos internacionales en EM. Resultados: Se formularon 18 preguntas clínicas y 21 recomendaciones para el manejo, incluyendo algoritmos terapéuticos.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system, for which there is still no definitive cure; but there is a diverse variety of therapies with the objective of modifying the course of the disease, which promotes the constant inclusion of new therapeutic strategies. Objective: The Peruvian Society of Neurology, as requested by the Peruvian Health Ministry, convened a committee of experts with the purpose of elaborating a clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of MS. Method: Clinical practice guidelines were searched and evaluated according to the AGREE II methodology, choosing the Catalan Clinical Practice Guide as a model. The clinical questions not related to treatment were solved through a systematic review. The clinical treatment questions were assessed under the PICO format and were solved with a meta-analysis of clinical trials available until August 2017, considering the therapies approved by DIGEMID until January 2017. The final recommendations were elaborated using the modified Delphi method with a consensus of at least 80% of the members of its committee. Finally, an external revision of the manuscript was made by international experts in MS. Results: Eighteen clinical questions and twenty-one recommendations for management were developed, including therapeutic algorithms.

Presentismo y aspectos socioeconómicos en médicos de un hospital psiquiátrico / Presentism and socioeconomic aspects in doctors of a psychiatric hospital

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el presentismo y los aspectos socioeconómicos en los médicos del Hospital Nacional Víctor Larco Herrera en el año 2018. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de tipo no experimental, transversal, correlacional, prospectivo. Se trabajó con 60 médicos del Hospital Nacional Víctor Larco Herrera, la variable dependiente fue el presentismo laboral, medido con la escala presentismo laboral de Stanford SPS-6, las independientes fueron los aspectos socioeconómicos. Para el análisis bivariado, se usó la prueba de correlación de Pearson, obteniendo el coeficiente de correlación (r) y el valor p. Resultados:54,5% de la muestra fueron del sexo femenino, el grupo etario más frecuente fue de 28 a 37 años con 45,5%. La prevalencia de presentismo fue de 49 (81,8%) médicos. Estuvo asociada significativamente a la condición laboral (r=-0,236; valor p=0,039), correlacionándose con el tener un régimen de contratado o por terceros frente a ser nombrado. No hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa con tener otro trabajo, personas que dependen económicamente, horario de trabajo y años de servicio. Conclusión: El presentismo en médicos del Hospital Nacional Larco Herrera estuvo asociado a la condición laboral. Se recomienda realizar más estudios en este respecto para poder conocer de mejor manera la realidad de esta problemática en nuestro País.

Objectives: Determine the relationship between presenteeism and socioeconomic aspects in doctors of the Hospital Nacional Víctor Larco Herrera in 2018. Methods: A non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational, prospective quantitative study was carried out. 60 doctors from the Hospital Nacional Víctor Larco Herrera were included, the dependent variable was occupational presenteeism, measured with the Stanford SPS-6 work presenteeism scale, the independent variables were the socioeconomic aspects. For the bivariate analysis, the Pearson correlation test was used, obtaining the correlation coefficient (r) and the p value. Results: 54.5% of the sample were female, the most frequent age group was 28 to 37 years old with 45.5%. The prevalence of presenteeism was 49 (81.8%). It was significantly associated to the labor condition (r = -0.236, value p = 0.039), correlating with having a contracted or third-party regime against permanent contract worker. There was no statistically significant association with having another job, people who depend economically, work hours and years of service. Conclusion: The presenteeism in doctors of the Larco Herrera National Hospital was associated to the labor condition. It is recommended to carry out more studies in this regard in order to better understand the reality of this problem in our country.

Determination of functional fitness age in women aged 50 and older.

BACKGROUND: The construction of useful and attainable indicators of fitness assessment deserves special attention in clinical practice. We aimed to construct an indicator of the functional fitness age (FFA) of women aged 50 and older by an equation using fitness outcomes and its correlation with chronological age (CA) and to analyze the external validity of our results by comparing our sample to others. METHODS: Participants (n = 459, age: 70.3 ± 7.9 years, mean ± SD) were evaluated using the Senior Fitness Test battery. We applied a multiple regression and a subsequent Holt's exponential smoothing to analyze the outcomes. RESULTS: We obtained a statistically significant expression of F(6, 452) = 328.384; p < 0.0005 in which the coefficients of the equation explain 81% of variability (R 2 corrected = 0.813). The equation correlates fitness assessment in women aged 50 and over with regards to CA: FFA = 40.146 + 0.350 × CS (stand) - 0.714 × AC (rep) - 0.110 × ST (step) - 0.177 × CSR (cm) - 0.101 × BS (cm) + 8.835 × FUG (s) where CS means chair stand test, AC means arm curl test, ST means 2-min step test, CSR means chair sit-and-reach test, BS means back scratch test, FUG means 8-foot up-and-go test. We compared this index with percentiles distribution from our sample and from other studies. CONCLUSION: We suggest the use of FFA as a valid indicator of fitness in adult and senior women as well as a useful motivational tool to undertake exercise programs.

Satisfacción del usuario por un trato digno en las Áreas de Terapia Ocupacional y Mecanoterapia del Centro de Rehabilitación y Educación Especial del Estado de Tabasco / User satisfaction for a dignified treatment in the areas of occupational therapy and mechanotherapy of the Rehabilitation and Special Education Center of the State of Tabasco

Resumen Introducción La satisfacción del paciente ha surgido como un resultado crítico de la atención; por ello, profundizar en la opinión de los usuarios, sus necesidades y expectativas desde la perspectiva de la calidad percibida es de gran importancia. Objetivo Determinar el nivel de satisfacción del usuario por un trato digno en las Áreas de Terapia Ocupacional y Mecanoterapia del Centro de Rehabilitación y Educación Especial del Estado de Tabasco. Material y métodos Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, transversal y prospectivo a pacientes que acudieron al Área de Mecanoterapia y Terapia Ocupacional del Centro de Rehabilitación y Educación Especial del Estado de Tabasco, en relación con la satisfacción y el trato digno recibido de los fisioterapeutas. El universo estuvo conformado por 280 pacientes; se optó por la fórmula para población finita por proporciones, obteniéndose una muestra de 122 usuarios; se implementó un cuestionario de 26 ítems. Se empleó la prueba ji-cuadrada (χ2) de Pearson, aceptándose una p ≤ 0.05. Resultados 81 eran mujeres (66.4%) y 41 hombres (33.6%), con edades de 36.3 ± 13.4 años. El 81.1% se sintió muy satisfecho con la atención recibida y un 76.2% con el tiempo de espera en las Áreas de Terapia Ocupacional y Mecanoterapia. Conclusión Los resultados fueron buenos, ya que 76.2% se encontraron satisfechos con el tiempo que esperaron para recibir la atención y un 81.1% con la atención recibida del fisioterapeuta; sólo el 69.7% consideró que el terapeuta le explicó en forma clara y entendible.

Abstract Introduction Patient satisfaction has emerged as a critical result of care; therefore, focusing on the opinion of users, their needs and expectations from the perspective of perceived quality is of great importance. Objective To determine the level of satisfaction of the user from a dignified treatment in the areas of occupational therapy and mechanotherapy of the Center of Rehabilitation and Special Education of the State of Tabasco. Material and methods An observational, analytical, cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out on patients who came to the area of mechanotherapy and occupational therapy at the Center for Rehabilitation and Special Education of the State of Tabasco, in relation to the satisfaction and dignified treatment received from physiotherapists. The universe consisted of 280 patients; the formula for finite population by proportions was chosen, obtaining a sample of 122 users; a questionnaire of 26 items was implemented. Pearson's chi-square (χ2) test was used, accepting a p ≤ 0.05. Results 81 were women (66.4%) and 41 were men (33.6%), with ages of 36.3 ± 13.4 years. 81.1% were very satisfied with the care received and 76.2% with the waiting time in the areas of Occupational Therapy and Mechanotherapy. Conclusion The results were good, as 76.2% were satisfied with the time they waited to receive care and 81.1% with the care received from the physiotherapist; only 69.7% considered that the therapist explained in a clear and understandable way.

Efecto del tratamiento Kinesio taping en el dolor cervical: un metaanálisis y revisión sistemática / The effect of Kinesio taping treatment on cervical pain: a meta-analysis and systematic review

Resumen Antecedentes Estudios previos han analizado los beneficios del Kinesio taping (KT) en pacientes con dolor de cuello. Sin embargo, las conclusiones de estas investigaciones han sido inconsistentes. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo aclarar la asociación entre los efectos del KT y el dolor de cuello a través de un metaanálisis. Material y métodos Se buscaron en las bases de datos PubMed y EBSCO todas las publicaciones sobre esta asociación. Se definieron criterios de inclusión para los estudios elegibles. Se realizaron dos análisis diferentes: 1) la relación entre el tratamiento con KT versus el tratamiento convencional; 2) la relación entre el tratamiento con KT versus el placebo de KT. Resultados Se analizaron 10 estudios para el análisis cuantitativo en los que participaron 233 pacientes usando el tratamiento de KT y 198 pacientes controles. Conclusión No se encontró asociación significativa del Kinesio taping en pacientes con dolor de cuello en ninguno de los dos subgrupos estudiados.

Abstract Background Previous studies have delved into the benefits of Kinesio taping (KT) in patients with neck pain. However, the conclusions of these researches have been inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the association between the effects of KT and neck pain through a meta-analysis. Material and methods The PubMed and EBSCO databases were retrieved to collect all publications regarding this association. Inclusion criteria were defined for the eligible studies. Two different analyses were carried out: 1) the comparison between KT and the conventional treatment; 2) the comparison between KT versus placebo KT. Results Ten studies were analyzed for quantitative analysis, involving 233 patients using KT treatment and 198 control patients. Conclusion No significant association was found between Kinesio taping in patients with neck pain in neither of the two subgroups studied.

Force Field Benchmark of the TraPPE_UA for Polar Liquids: Density, Heat of Vaporization, Dielectric Constant, Surface Tension, Volumetric Expansion Coefficient, and Isothermal Compressibility.

The transferable potential for a phase equilibria force field in its united-atom version, TraPPE_UA, is evaluated for 41 polar liquids that include alcohols, thiols, ethers, sulfides, aldehydes, ketones, and esters to determine its ability to reproduce experimental properties that were not included in the parametrization procedure. The intermolecular force field parameters for pure components were fit to reproduce experimental boiling temperature, vapor-liquid coexisting densities, and critical point (temperature, density, and pressure) using Monte Carlo simulations in different ensembles. The properties calculated in this work are liquid density, heat of vaporization, dielectric constant, surface tension, volumetric expansion coefficient, and isothermal compressibility. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed in the gas and liquid phases, and also at the liquid-vapor interface. We found that relative error between calculated and experimental data is 1.2% for density, 6% for heat of vaporization, and 6.2% for surface tension, in good agreement with the experimental data. The dielectric constant is systematically underestimated, and the relative error is 37%. Evaluating the performance of the force field to reproduce the volumetric expansion coefficient and isothermal compressibility requires more experimental data.