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1.
PLoS One ; 15(1): e0227437, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31910441

ABSTRACT

Climate change poses a critical threat to the Pantanal, the largest wetland in the world. Models indicate an increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation events and extended periods of drought. These changes can amplify consequences for Pantanal's ecological functioning, which has already experienced intensive human modification of its hydrological system and environmental health. The present study analyzed the spatial and temporal dynamics of rainfall and resulting extremes in the Brazilian area of the Upper Paraguay River Basin (UPRB) along with a co-evaluation of the global Sea Surface Temperature data (SST). The predicted results indicate that wet extreme precipitation events will become more frequent in the highlands, while severe and prolonged droughts triggered by warming SSTs in the Northern Hemisphere (North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans) will affect the Pantanal. The linear relations between precipitation with SST of very specific oceanic regions and even from specific oceanic indexes obtained in the present study significantly improve the forecasting capacity, mainly from a resulting reduction to two months of the lead-time between SST warming to concomitant precipitation impacts, and by explaining 80% of Pantanal´s precipitation variation from major oceanic indexes (e.g., ENSO, PDO, NAO, ATL3). Current SST trends will result in inter- and intra-annual flooding dynamic alterations, drastically affecting the Pantanal ecosystem functioning, with consequences for wildlife diversity and distribution. Regarding the foreseeable global climate and land use change scenarios, the results from the present study provide solid evidence that can be used at different decision-making levels (from local to global) for identifying the most appropriate management practices and effectively achieving sustainability of the anthropic activity occurring in the Pantanal.


Subject(s)
Climate Change , Ecosystem , Oceans and Seas , Brazil , Droughts , El Nino-Southern Oscillation , Floods , Humans , Pacific Ocean , Seasons , Temperature , Wetlands
2.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 42(1): 52-80, jun. 2019. ilus., tab.
Article in English | LIBOCS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1007054

ABSTRACT

La infección por el virus del papiloma humano es considerada una de las principales causas de neoplasias y lesiones pre-malignas asociadas a procesos infecciosos; representan un problema de salud pública y tenemos la necesidad comprometedora de reducir la morbimortalidad provocada por el virus a través de la inmunización. Objetivo: analizar las tácticas de fortalecimiento para prevenir los factores predisponentes al déficit de coberturas para la prevención del Cáncer Cérvico Uterino.Métodos: este estudio se realizó de agosto de 2017 a marzo de 2018 en una muestra de 634 estudiantes entre las edades de 10 a 12 años de la ciudad de Santa Cruz, entrevistando a 574 padres de familia. El tipo de estudio es no probabilístico; aleatorio estratificado; transversal analítico no experimental con una variable cuali ­ cuantitativa de escala ordinal. Resultados: más del 80% de los padres de familia rechazaban la vacuna relacionado a múltiples factores (desconocimiento, desconfianza de la vacuna, mitos, temor, otros) Los padres de familia que se oponen a la inmunización contra el cáncer cervico uterino tienen 4 veces más riesgo de que sus hijas desarrollen la enfermedad en alguna etapa de su vida (RR 4.2 ; IC: .2,1 - 8,2; X2 23,3 ; p : 0,00000048). Conclusiones: por este motivo se emplearon tácticas de las cuales 4 dieron más resultados para que los padres accedan a la vacunación. Logrando así vacunar la segunda dosis a la población meta de nuestra investigación.


Human papilloma virus infection is considered one of the main causes of neoplasms and pre-malignant lesions associated with infectious processes; they represent a public health problem and we have the compromising need to reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by the virus through immunization. Objectives: To analyze the strengthening tactics to prevent the predisposing factors to the deficit of coverage for the prevention of the Cervical Uterine Cancer. Methods: This study was conducted from August 2017 to March 2018 in a sample of 634 students between the ages of 10 and 12 in the city of Santa Cruz, interviewing 574 parents. The type of study is non-probabilistic; Stratified random transverse non - experimental analysis with a qualitative quantitative variable of ordinal scale. Results: More than 80% of parents rejected the vaccine related to multiple factors (ignorance, distrust of the vaccine, myths, fear, others) Parents who oppose immunization against uterine cervical cancer have 4 times more risk of their daughters developing the disease at some stage of their life (RR 4.2, CI: .2.1 - 8.2, X2 23.3, p: 0.00000048). Conclusions: For this reason tactics were used, of which 4 gave more results for parents to access vaccination. We managed to vaccinate the second dose to the target population of our research.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Surveys and Questionnaires
3.
Acta méd. colomb ; 40(4): 331-337, oct.-dic. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-949484

ABSTRACT

El embarazo es un estado fisiológico en el que se producen múltiples adaptaciones en el sistema cardiovascular, inmunológico y renal con la finalidad de satisfacer la demanda metabólica y proteger al feto. La enfermedad renal puede manifestarse o descubrirse incidentalmente en el transcurso de la gestación y clínicamente puede contemplarse desde tres escenarios: el desarrollo de lesión renal aguda, el diagnóstico de enfermedad renal crónica (nefropatía previa no diagnosticada) y el antecedente conocido (nefropatía subyacente) de enfermedad renal crónica que precede a la gestación. Cualquiera que sea el escenario, la presencia de enfermedad renal crónica ensombrece el pronóstico fetal, aumenta el riesgo de retardo de crecimiento intrauterino, parto prematuro, muerte fetal y acelera la pérdida defunción renal de la gestante por lo que se constituye en un desafío en la atención clínica, de ahí que el reconocimiento temprano y el inicio de la terapia es esencial para impactar en el desenlace materno-fetal. A pesar de que esta asociación se ha descrito desde hace varios años y de que el desenlace obstétrico ha mejorado en las dos últimas décadas, sigue siendo una entidad con alta morbimortalidad para el binomio madre-hijo. En este trabajo se describen ocho casos de enfermedad renal crónica y embarazo, su presentación clínica y el desenlace obstétrico. (Acta Med Colomb 2015; 40: 331-337).


Pregnancy is a physiological state in which multiple adaptations occur in the cardiovascular, immune and renal systems in order to meet metabolic demand and protect the fetus. Kidney disease can be manifested or discovered incidentally during pregnancy and can be seen from three clinical scenarios: the development of acute kidney injury, the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (prior undiagnosed nephropathy) and the known antecedent (underlying nephropathy) of chronic kidney disease preceding pregnancy. Whatever the scenario, the presence of chronic kidney disease darkens the fetal prognosis, increases the risk of intrauterine growth retardation, premature delivery, stillbirth and accelerates the loss of renal function of the pregnant woman so it constitutes a challenge in clinical care. For this reason the early recognition and initiation of therapy is essential to impact on maternal and fetal outcome. Although this association has been described for several years and the obstetric outcome has improved in the past two decades, it remains an entity with high morbidity and mortality for mother and child. In this work, eight cases of chronic kidney disease and pregnancy, clinical presentation and obstetric outcome are described. (Acta Med Colomb 2015; 40: 331-337).


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pregnancy , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Renal Dialysis , Fetal Death , Glomerulonephritis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Nephrotic Syndrome
4.
Acta méd. colomb ; 39(2): 202-206, abr.-jun. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-720234

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de Fabry es un trastorno hereditario de depósito lisosomal progresivo y multisistémico del catabolismo de los glicoesfingolípidos, ligado al cromosoma X, que es causado por un defecto en el gen que cataliza la enzima lisosomal alfa-galactosidasa A (alfa-GAL A), y origina el depósito intracelular, especialmente de globotriaosil-ceramida (Gb-3), en el endotelio vascular y otros tejidos. La deficiencia parcial o total de la actividad de la enzima lisosomal conduce a la incapacidad de catabolizar ciertos glicoesfingolípidos causando el daño principal, es decir, el depósito intralisosomal de sustrato Gb-3 en diferentes tipos de células. En particular, son afectadas progresivamente las células vasculares endoteliales, lo cual puede causar isquemia tisular e infarto. Es una enfermedad progresiva que causa manifestaciones derivadas de la disfunción del órgano afectado por los depósitos, principalmente riñón, corazón, sistema nervioso, tracto gastrointestinal y piel, aunque puede participar cualquier órgano y sistema de la economía. Antes de la disponibilidad de la terapia de reemplazo enzimático, el tratamiento para esta enfermedad consistía principalmente de cuidados sintomáticos y medidas correctivas no específicas. Se describen las características clínicas y la evolución de un hombre de 47 años con enfermedad de Fabry en terapia de reemplazo enzimático. (ActaMed Colomb 2014; 39: 202-206).


Fabry disease is an inherited disorder of progressive and multisystemic lysosomal storage of glycosphingolipids catabolism, X-linked, which is caused by a defect in the gene that catalyzes the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-GAL A), and causes the intracellular deposition, especially of globotriaosyl ceramide (Gb3) in the vascular endothelium and other tissues. Partial or total deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme activity leads to the inability to catabolize certain glycosphingolipids causing the main damage, namely the intralysosomal deposit of Gb3 substrate in different cell types. In particular, vascular endothelial cells are progressively affected, which may cause tissue ischemia and infarction. It is a progressive disease that causes manifestations derived from the dysfunction of the organ affected by the deposits, mainly kidney, heart, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract and skin, although any organ and system of the economy may be involved. Before the availability of enzyme replacement therapy, treatment for this condition consisted mainly of symptomatic care and no specific remedies. Clinical characteristics and evolution of a 47 year old man with Fabry disease on enzyme replacement therapy are described. (Acta Med Colomb 2014; 39: 202-206).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Fabry Disease , Trihexosylceramides , Glycosphingolipids , alpha-Galactosidase , Enzyme Replacement Therapy
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