Recurrent Glioblastoma: A Review of the Treatment Options.

Glioblastoma is a disease with a poor prognosis. Multiple efforts have been made to improve the long-term outcome, but the 5-year survival rate is still 5-10%. Recurrence of the disease is the usual way of progression. In this situation, there is no standard treatment. Different treatment options can be considered. Among them would be reoperation or reirradiation. There are different studies that have assessed the impact on survival and the selection of patients who may benefit most from these strategies. Chemotherapy treatments have also been considered in several studies, mainly with alkylating agents, with data mostly from phase II studies. On the other hand, multiple studies have been carried out with target-directed treatments. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody with anti-angiogenic activity, has demonstrated activity in several studies, and the FDA has approved it for this indication. Several other TKI drugs have been evaluated in this setting, but no clear benefit has been demonstrated. Immunotherapy treatments have been shown to be effective in other types of tumors, and several studies have evaluated their efficacy in this disease, both immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, and vaccines. This paper reviews data from different studies that have evaluated the efficacy of different forms of relapsed glioblastoma.

Síndrome de cauda equina secundario a neurolinfomatosis: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Cauda equina syndrome secondary to neurolymphomatosis: Case report and literature review

La neurolinfomatosis es una entidad rara caracterizada por la presencia de linfocitos neoplásicos que infiltran las estructuras del sistema nervioso periférico. Dada su naturaleza y localización puede desarrollar una gran variedad de síntomas, suponiendo un reto diagnóstico. El tratamiento se basa en el uso de metotrexato, aunque, a día de hoy, existen diversos esquemas de quimioterapia para los pacientes con enfermedad sistémica. Presentamos el caso de un varón con neurolinfomatosis a nivel de la cauda equina y agrupamos los casos descritos hasta el momento

Neurolymphomatosis is a rare disorder characterised by infiltration of neoplastic lymphocytes into the peripheral nervous system. A wide variety of symptoms can manifest depending on its nature and location, making its diagnosis a real challenge. Treatment is based on methotrexate, although various chemotherapy regimens are currently available for patients with systemic disease. We present the case of a male patient with neurolymphomatosis of the cauda equina, together with a review of all cases published to date

Cauda equina syndrome secondary to neurolymphomatosis: Case report and literature review. / Síndrome de cauda equina secundario a neurolinfomatosis: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

Neurolymphomatosis is a rare disorder characterised by infiltration of neoplastic lymphocytes into the peripheral nervous system. A wide variety of symptoms can manifest depending on its nature and location, making its diagnosis a real challenge. Treatment is based on methotrexate, although various chemotherapy regimens are currently available for patients with systemic disease. We present the case of a male patient with neurolymphomatosis of the cauda equina, together with a review of all cases published to date.

Deep Brain Stimulation in Posttraumatic Tremor: A Series of Cases and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic tremor (PTT) is the most frequent movement disorder secondary to cranioencephalic trauma and can be persistent and disabling. OBJECTIVES: We review and assess the efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) at the VIM/VOP/ZI (ventralis intermedius/ventrooralis posterior/zona incerta) complex level for the treatment of PTT. METHODS: During the period from 1999 to 2014, 5 patients diagnosed with PTT were selected who had experienced a major deterioration in their quality of life without improvement during medical treatment for more than 1 year. They underwent surgery for DBS at the VIM/VOP/ZI complex level, and the modified tremor scale before and after surgery was used for their follow-up. RESULTS: Each patient showed improvements in their symptoms after DBS compared with baseline, which was moderate (II) in 2 cases and marked (III) in the other cases. All of the improvements were maintained with chronic DBS, without tremor rebound. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of the contralateral VIM/VOP/ZI complex resulted in a noticeable improvement in tremor and recovery of independence in basic daily activities in patients with PTT.

Spontaneous subdural empyema by Escherichia coli: case report and literature review / Empiema subdural espontáneo por Escherichia coli: descripción de un caso y revisión de la literatura

No disponible

Factores sociosanitarios y prevalencia del síndrome del intestino irritable según los criterios diagnósticos de Roma III en una población general de Colombia / Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and associated factors according to the Rome III diagnostic criteria in a general population in Colombia

Introducción: El síndrome del intestino irritable (SII) es un trastorno gastrointestinal funcional de diagnóstico clínico. La prevalencia y los factores asociados se desconocen en la población colombiana. El diagnóstico del SII hoy se hace por medio de la aplicación de los criterios de Roma III y se debe descartar otra condición médica antes de realizar el diagnóstico. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del SII y sus factores sociosanitarios asociados en una población de entre 18 y 60 años de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal. Se realizó un cuestionario autoaplicado que investigó variables sociodemográficas, tipo de alimentos consumidos, identificación del SII por medio de los criterios de Roma III, SDS (Self-Rating Depression Scale escala autoaplicada para depresión ) de Zung, test de STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory inventario de ansiedad estado-rasgo ) y autoinforme del uso de servicios médicos en una muestra aleatorizada de la población adulta del municipio de Bucaramanga. Se usó el análisis bivariado y la regresión logística para establecer asociaciones. Resultados: De un total de 615 individuos seleccionados, 558 se incluyeron en el estudio. La edad promedio fue de 36,4 años y el 62,4% fueron mujeres. La prevalencia de SII fue del 19,9%. El análisis de regresión logística mostró asociación a los síntomas depresivos y al sexo femenino independiente de los síntomas de la ansiedad y de la edad. Conclusión: El SII presenta una prevalencia alta y se asocia con síntomas depresivos y al sexo femenino en una población adulta de Colombia. Su presencia genera mayor utilización del sistema sanitario, incapacidad médica y restricción en las actividades de la vida diaria (AU)

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder with a clinical diagnosis. The prevalence of this disorder and associated factors are unknown among the Colombian population. Nowadays, diagnosis of IBS is made by applying the Rome III criteria, and other disorders should be excluded before establishing the diagnosis. Objective: To assess the prevalence of IBS and associated factors in a population aged between 18 and 60 years old in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. We applied a questionnaire that included sociodemographic variables, types of food, identification of IBS by the Rome III criteria, the Zung self-rating depression scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) test and self-reported use of medical services among a random sample of an adult population in Bucaramanga. Univariate analysis and logistic regression was used to establish associations. Results: Of the 615 individuals selected, 558 were included in the study. The mean age was 36.4 years and 62.4% was female. The prevalence of IBS was 19.9%. Logistic regression analysis showed an association with depressive symptoms and female sex independently of age and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions:The prevalence of IBS is high and is associated with depressive symptoms and female sex in an adult population in Colombia. This disorder generates substantial health system utilization and medical disability and restricts activities of daily life (AU)

[Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and associated factors according to the Rome III diagnostic criteria in a general population in Colombia]. / Factores sociosanitarios y prevalencia del síndrome del intestino irritable según los criterios diagnósticos de Roma III en una población general de Colombia.

INTRODUCTION: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder with a clinical diagnosis. The prevalence of this disorder and associated factors are unknown among the Colombian population. Nowadays, diagnosis of IBS is made by applying the Rome III criteria, and other disorders should be excluded before establishing the diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of IBS and associated factors in a population aged between 18 and 60 years old in Bucaramanga, Colombia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed. We applied a questionnaire that included sociodemographic variables, types of food, identification of IBS by the Rome III criteria, the Zung self-rating depression scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) test and self-reported use of medical services among a random sample of an adult population in Bucaramanga. Univariate analysis and logistic regression was used to establish associations. RESULTS: Of the 615 individuals selected, 558 were included in the study. The mean age was 36.4 years and 62.4% was female. The prevalence of IBS was 19.9%. Logistic regression analysis showed an association with depressive symptoms and female sex independently of age and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of IBS is high and is associated with depressive symptoms and female sex in an adult population in Colombia. This disorder generates substantial health system utilization and medical disability and restricts activities of daily life.