Effects of academic stress on the levels of oral volatile sulfur compounds, halitosis-related bacteria and stress biomarkers of healthy female undergraduate students.

To investigate whether academic stress changes the salivary microbiota and its relationship with salivary parameters, evaluating the effects on the production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in healthy women. Fifty-five women who were enrolled in a four-year Dentistry course were assessed for academic stress by the questionnaire Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey and were then classified into 'Not Stressed' and 'Stressed' groups. Cortisol and alpha-amylase (AA) were measured as physiological stress biomarkers. Oral Chroma™ gas chromatograph was used to measure concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide. Salivary proteins were evaluated by western blot. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the salivary amounts of halitosis-associated bacteria. The 'Stressed' volunteers showed higher levels of H2S, AA, Fusobacterium nucleatum and total bacteria, compared to the 'Not Stressed' individuals (p < 0.05; Mann-Whitney test). Salivary proteins showed no differences between groups (p > 0.05; Mann-Whitney test). Academic stress was positively correlated with H2S, total bacteria and F. nucleatum counts, while F. nucleatum was positively correlated with AA. H2S showed positive correlations with AA and Solobacterium moorei (p < 0.05; Spearman correlation). Beta-defensin (BD) presented negative correlations with H2S and S. moorei (p < 0.05; Spearman correlation). Academic stress increased salivary F. nucleatum and total bacteria, as well as AA activity. The protein BD showed important correlations with bacteria and VSC. These changes appeared to be accountable for increased H2S production in the stressed women.

[Collaboration and participation of children in speech therapy care]. / Colaboração e participação de crianças no atendimento fonoaudiológico.

Situations of non-cooperation/participation of the patient are detected in healthcare,. In many cases, it is impossible to complete the assessment procedures, and procedures of intervention may be prejudiced. This problem has been researched in some health areas, however there are few studies involving activities in Speech Therapy. The scope of this study was to conduct a survey of knowledge and strategies of Speech Therapists when faced with situations considered difficult in clinical practice with children. Semi-structured interviews were staged with students and teachers of an undergraduate course in Speech Therapy at a Brazilian public university, addressing problems encountered in caring for children 4 to 12-year-olds, as well as proposed solutions. Analysis of content of the data involved the construction of a system of categories of reported and proposed strategies. The categories were compared with those obtained in an analogous survey (Pediatric Dental care) and the analysis highlighted specifics of care of each of the professions. The results contributed to the systematization of knowledge relating to collaboration/participation, and revealed the concern of the participants with the humanization of care.

Colaboração e participação de crianças no atendimento fonoaudiológico / Collaboration and participation of children in speech therapy care

Nos atendimentos em saúde, observam-se situações de não colaboração/participação do paciente. Em muitos casos, não se consegue completar procedimentos de avaliação, e os procedimentos de intervenção podem ser prejudicados. Esse problema tem sido pesquisado por algumas áreas da saúde, sendo escassos os trabalhos envolvendo a atuação em Fonoaudiologia. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar um levantamento sobre conhecimentos e estratégias dos fonoaudiólogos diante de situações consideradas difíceis na prática clínica com crianças. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com estudantes e docentes de um curso de graduação em Fonoaudiologia de uma universidade pública brasileira, abordando problemas encontrados no atendimento de crianças de 4 a 12 anos, bem como as soluções propostas. A análise de conteúdo dos dados envolveu a construção de um sistema de categorias relativo às estratégias relatadas e propostas. As categorias foram comparadas com as obtidas em estudo análogo (atendimento em Odontopediatria), e a análise apontou para especificidades do atendimento em cada uma das profissões. Os resultados contribuíram para a sistematização do conhecimento relacionado à colaboração/participação, e evidenciaram a preocupação dos participantes com a humanização do atendimento.

Situations of non-cooperation/participation of the patient are detected in healthcare,. In many cases, it is impossible to complete the assessment procedures, and procedures of intervention may be prejudiced. This problem has been researched in some health areas, however there are few studies involving activities in Speech Therapy. The scope of this study was to conduct a survey of knowledge and strategies of Speech Therapists when faced with situations considered difficult in clinical practice with children. Semi-structured interviews were staged with students and teachers of an undergraduate course in Speech Therapy at a Brazilian public university, addressing problems encountered in caring for children 4 to 12-year-olds, as well as proposed solutions. Analysis of content of the data involved the construction of a system of categories of reported and proposed strategies. The categories were compared with those obtained in an analogous survey (Pediatric Dental care) and the analysis highlighted specifics of care of each of the professions. The results contributed to the systematization of knowledge relating to collaboration/participation, and revealed the concern of the participants with the humanization of care.