ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate by central composite design the influence of colouring agents in lipstick colour, expressed by L*, a*, b* parameters (CIELab system) where L* indicates lightness, and a* and b* are the chromaticity coordinates. The a* indicates colour direction from red to green and b* from yellow to blue. METHODS: Lipsticks were formulated as described by (Recent Adv. Prosp. Potent Med. Plants, 2009 and 39). The combined effect of three variables (dye, pigment and opacifier) was evaluated by different formulations in a central composite design. Colour parameters (L*, a*, b*) were analysed by reflectance spectrophotometry. Lipsticks were characterized by visual analyses and melting point. RESULTS: All formulations were integrate and homogeneous. The pigments and dye do not influence in colour transfer neither in melting point of lipsticks. On the other hand, results indicated that variables studied show influence only in parameter b*, whereas for L* and a* values there was no significant difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was possible to verify that only the colour parameter b* was influenced by the variation in colouring agent's concentrations in lipstick formulation, leading to the production of the colour ranging between violet and light red. Such results are useful for developing new lipstick formulations to obtain the desired colour in the final product.
Subject(s)
Coloring Agents , Cosmetics , Colorimetry/instrumentationABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To examine heart disease in the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the association of cardiac abnormalities with anticardiolipin antibodies (ACL). METHODS: Sixteen patients with active SLE disease (group I) were compared with 14 patients without disease activity (group II). A control group of 10 healthy subjects were also evaluated. Patients were subjected to cardiovascular history and physical examination as well as electrocardiogram, thoracic x-ray, two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiogram, and ACL serum determination (ELISA). RESULTS: Myocardial disease characterized by tachycardia, heart failure or echocardiographic abnormalities was shown by 75% of patients in the group I. It was associated with ACL positive in 27.2% of these patients. Pericardial and valvular involvement were observed in 25% of patients in group I. Group II showed myocardial involvement in 21.4% of patients without positive ACL. CONCLUSION: Myocardial disease was the most frequent heart involvement in active SLE, and we did not found any association between SLE heart disease and positive anticardiolipin antibodies.
