ABSTRACT
We prepared a series of cinnamoyl-containing furanones by an affordable and short synthesis. The nineteen compounds hold a variety of substituents including electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, bulky and meta-substituted phenyls, as well as heterocyclic rings. Compounds showed antibiofilm activity in S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and, more pronounced, against P. aeruginosa. The disruption of quorum sensing (QS) was tested using the violacein test and molecular docking predicted the antagonism of LasR as a plausible mechanism of action. The trimethoxylated and diene derivatives showed the best antibiofilm and anti-QS properties, thus becoming candidates for further modifications.
Subject(s)
Lactones , Staphylococcus aureus , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/pharmacology , Biofilms , Lactones/pharmacology , Molecular Docking Simulation , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Quorum SensingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This article proposes an engineering-economics model to determine the total cost of a neurological disease along its temporal progression. The objective was to develop a planning tool faithful to the reality of this type of ailment as well as to that of Puerto Rico (PR). METHODS: The proposed model organizes a given neurological disease into 3 progressive phases of deterioration; in each, the model collects the typical associated costs and adjusts them based on their value over time. This way, the total cost of the ailment is calculated and its present day dollar value expressed. Model verification was carried out using data from Puerto Rico related to Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. RESULTS: The method demonstrated here considered Parkinson's disease in PR. Our model calculated a total annual cost of $64,915 for a patient at the medium stage. This figure is larger than estimates from other authors, which fall between $41,689 and $51,600 for the USA. This difference is partially due to the proposed model considering the individual's opportunity cost of the loss of productive years, an original contribution of our work. CONCLUSION: A neurological disease is one in which an individual goes through progressive phases of deterioration that will require significant economic resources. The model proposed here is designed across the commonalities between Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases and illustrated using costs from PR. As an additional contribution, it allows the consideration of the opportunity cost of lost productivity, a characteristic that makes it more realistic.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease , Huntington Disease , Nervous System Diseases , Parkinson Disease , Humans , Huntington Disease/epidemiology , Puerto RicoABSTRACT
Introducción La inestabilidad crónica lateral del tobillo es una patología frecuente en las personas que sufren esguinces. El tratamiento inicial es conservador y de no funcionar se recomienda el tratamiento quirúrgico; la técnica descrita por Broström y modificada por Gould es la más utilizada, efectiva y reportada en la actualidad. Con el advenimiento de la cirugía artroscópica, uno de los autores (JBGG) ha desarrollado una técnica mínimamente invasiva que se ha utilizado en la unidad de pie desde hace 8 años. Este trabajo evalúa los resultados funcionales, de dolor y cicatrización de los pacientes tratados con la técnica Artroscópica y la técnica de Broström-Gould abierta. Materiales & Métodos Se evaluaron un total de 111 pacientes, 50 con la técnica abierta y 61 con técnica artroscópica, operados por inestabilidad lateral crónica del tobillo entre enero de 2004 y diciembre de 2011. Se utilizo la escala AOFAS de tobillo y retropié para la medición del dolor, función y alineación, y la escala EVA para la medición del dolor. Resultados El promedio de puntuación final de la escala AOFAS fue de 90 puntos y la inestabilidad se revirtió en el 96% de los casos, para ambos grupo de pacientes. El dolor fue aliviado eficientemente por ambas técnicas. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos del estudio. Discusión La reparación artroscópica de la inestabilidad crónica lateral del tobillo fue tan efectiva para restablecer la función, estabilidad y eliminar el dolor del tobillo como la técnica abierta y puede tener una menor posibilidad de complicaciones relacionadas con las heridas.
Background Chronic lateral ankle instability is a common condition in people with inversion sprains. Initial treatment is conservative, and if that does not work a surgical approach is recommended, such as that described by Broström and later modified by Gould, and is the most used and effective. With the advent of arthroscopic surgery, one of the authors (JBGG) has recently developed a minimally invasive technique that has been used in the Surgical Foot and Ankle Unit of Imbanaco Medical Centre for 8 years. Therefore, this work aims to determine functional outcomes of patients treated with the arthroscopic technique compared with the open technique of Broström-Gould. Methods A total of 111 patients were evaluated, including 50 with the open method, and 61 with arthroscopic surgery technique for chronic lateral ankle instability between January 2004 and December 2011. The American orthopaedic foot and ankle score (AOFAS) scale for ankle and hindfoot was used for measuring pain, function, and alignment, and a visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the pain. Results The final AOFAS score was 90 points, and instability was reversed in 96% of cases, for both groups of patients. The pain was relieved efficiently by both techniques. There were no statistically significant differences between the study groups. Discussion Arthroscopic repair of chronic lateral ankle instability is an effective tool to restore the function and stability, as well as eliminate ankle pain, and is comparable in effectiveness with the conventional technique. Additionally, there is a lower chance of complications related to wounds.
Subject(s)
Humans , Lateral Ligament, Ankle , Arthroscopy , Joint Instability , LigamentsABSTRACT
Se estudiaron 75 pacientes mujeres, en el Servico de Emergencia Obstrétrica del Hospital ERM del IPSS. Hubo selección de pacientes (Se consideraron sólo a las pacientes que no tenian contraindicación al uso de Diazepán, Atropina, Ketamina o Fentanyl. Las pacientes tuvieron diagnósticos de aborto, retención de placenta o retención de restos placentarios. Se consideraron dos grupos. El grupo I de 50 pacientes, recibió Atropina endovenosa (EV) a razón de 0.5 mgrs. y Fentalyl EV (100 ugrs). De 7 a 10 minutos después, Diazepán EV (0.2 mgrs. Kg-1) y 2 minutos después, dosis bajas de Ketamina (25 a 50 mgrs) (EV). El grupo II de 25 pacientes, recibió Atropina (0.5 mgrs) EV. y Diazepán (0.2 mgr Kg-1) EV. Luego Ketamina (25 a 50 mgrs) EV. En este grupo II, los parámetros considerados se alteraron significativamente, y la performance clínica (llena de complicaciones) dió lugar al uso de dosis convencionales de Ketamina. En el grupo I, la performance clínica fue excelente. Las reaccicones de emergencia del Grupo II fueron significativas en comparación con las mínimas del Grupo I
