ABSTRACT
IMPORTANCE: Nosocomiicoccus species are recently described as members of the Staphylococcaceae family. With their inclusion in commercial matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry databases, Nosocomiicoccus species can now be identified when Gram-positive cocci in clusters are detected in positive blood cultures. However, their clinical significance is not known, making it difficult for the clinical microbiology laboratory to decide the extent of work-up. Based on our study, Nosocomiicoccus species demonstrate low pathogenicity and opportunistic potential. If isolated from a single blood culture set, limited work-up should be performed to an extent similar to other possible blood culture contaminants.
Subject(s)
Bacteremia , Blood Culture , Humans , Clinical Relevance , Staphylococcaceae , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods , Bacteremia/microbiologyABSTRACT
Bloodstream infection with Bacillus cereus/thuringiensis can be life threatening, particularly in patients who are severely immunocompromised. In this report we describe a case that progressed from asymptomatic to fatal over approximately 5 hours despite extensive resuscitation efforts. We identify the pathogen and assemble its genome, in which we find genes for toxins that may have contributed to the precipitous demise. In the context of this and other cases we discuss the possible indication for rapid appropriate antibiotic administration and potentially antitoxin treatment or toxin removal in fulminant illness in immunocompromised patients.
Subject(s)
Bacillus cereus/pathogenicity , Bacillus thuringiensis/pathogenicity , Bacillus cereus/genetics , Bacillus cereus/isolation & purification , Bacillus thuringiensis/genetics , Bacillus thuringiensis/isolation & purification , Bacterial Toxins/genetics , Child, Preschool , Fatal Outcome , Female , Genome, Bacterial/genetics , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/immunology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/pathology , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Sepsis/immunology , Sepsis/microbiology , Sepsis/pathologyABSTRACT
Arcobacter spp. are commonly associated with shellfish and have been increasingly implicated in human gastrointestinal disease. We report the first case of human bacteremia with Malacobacter (previously Arcobacter) mytili acquired after exposure to Maryland crab. Arcobacter spp. should be considered in febrile illnesses when the history indicates exposure to seafood.
ABSTRACT
We report a case of bypass graft infection and bacteremia caused by Anaerostipes caccae. A review of the literature shows no reported human infection caused by this microorganism to date. The patient was initially treated with vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam on admission and with amoxicillin-clavulanate upon discharge. The slow-growing organism was subsequently found to be susceptible to metronidazole and ertapenem.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Clostridiales/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Surgical Wound Infection/diagnosis , Adult , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use , Anastomosis, Surgical/methods , Blood Culture , Clostridiales/drug effects , Clostridiales/growth & development , Ertapenem , Female , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/pathology , Humans , Metronidazole/therapeutic use , Penicillanic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Penicillanic Acid/therapeutic use , Piperacillin/therapeutic use , Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination , Surgical Wound Infection/drug therapy , Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology , Surgical Wound Infection/pathology , Vancomycin/therapeutic use , beta-Lactams/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Actinomyces/isolation & purification , Actinomycosis/diagnosis , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Bacterial/complications , Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis , Actinomyces/classification , Actinomycosis/microbiology , Actinomycosis/pathology , Animals , Bacteremia/microbiology , Bacteriological Techniques , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Humans , Male , Microscopy , Middle Aged , Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNASubject(s)
Bone Marrow/pathology , Equipment Contamination , Methylobacterium/isolation & purification , Sphingomonas/isolation & purification , Syringes/microbiology , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/instrumentation , Heparin/administration & dosage , Humans , Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage , Water MicrobiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Corynebacterium species and gram-positive coryneform-like bacteria (coryneforms) are increasingly reported causes of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. Biochemical identification methods for these bacteria are often inaccurate. We evaluated matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for routine Corynebacterium and coryneform identification. METHODS: A total of 286 Corynebacterium species and coryneforms recovered from patients were identified by MALDI-TOF MS analysis using the Bruker Microflex instrument, Biotyper software version 3.0, and database version 3.1.66 (Bruker Daltonics, Billerica, MA) following formic acid-based, direct on-plate extraction. The spectral cutoff scores used for interpretation were 2.0 or more for species-level identification and 1.7 or more for genus level. Scores lower than 1.7 were considered as no reliable identification. The results were compared with API Coryne (bioMérieux, Durham, NC) and sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA genes. RESULTS: Of the 231 Corynebacterium (19 species), 99.6% were correctly identified to the genus level and 88.7% to the species level. Of the 55 coryneforms (14 genera), 90.9% were correctly identified to the genus level and 67.3% to the species level. API Coryne was able to identify 89.2% of Corynebacterium species (species level) and 63.6% of coryneforms (genus level). CONCLUSIONS: Rapid on-plate testing yielded identification of more Corynebacterium species and related bacteria than biochemical methods.
Subject(s)
Bacteriological Techniques/methods , Corynebacterium/isolation & purification , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods , Bacteriological Techniques/standards , Humans , Specimen Handling/methods , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/standardsABSTRACT
During a 14-month period of using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for group B streptococcus (GBS) identification, we recovered 32 (1%) Streptococcus pseudoporcinus isolates from 3,276 GBS screening cultures from female genital sources (25 isolates from pregnant women and 7 from nonpregnant women). An additional two S. pseudoporcinus isolates were identified from a urine culture and a posthysterectomy wound culture. These isolates were found to cross-react with three different GBS antigen agglutination kits, PathoDx (Remel) (93%), Prolex (Pro-Lab Diagnostics) (38%), and Streptex (Remel) (53%). New approaches to bacterial identification in routine clinical microbiology laboratories may affect the prevalence of S. pseudoporcinus.
Subject(s)
Bacteriological Techniques/methods , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcus/classification , Streptococcus/isolation & purification , Adolescent , Adult , Agglutination Tests , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , Streptococcus/chemistry , Young AdultABSTRACT
Herbaspirillum spp. are rare causes of human infections associated primarily with bacteremia in cancer patients. We report the first fatal case of bacteremia secondary to pneumonia caused by Herbaspirillum seropedicae in a 65-year-old man with end-stage renal disease and multiple myeloma.
Subject(s)
Bacteremia/diagnosis , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Herbaspirillum/isolation & purification , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Multiple Myeloma/complications , Pneumonia, Bacterial/complications , Aged , Bacteremia/microbiology , Bacteremia/pathology , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Fatal Outcome , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/pathology , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Bifidobacterium breve is a rare cause of human infections. Previously, bacteremia and meningitis caused by this organism linked to probiotic use have been reported in a neonate. We report the first case of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection caused by B. breve in an adult without a history of probiotic use.
Subject(s)
Bifidobacteriales Infections/diagnosis , Bifidobacteriales Infections/pathology , Bifidobacterium/isolation & purification , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/adverse effects , Bifidobacteriales Infections/microbiology , Bifidobacterium/chemistry , Bifidobacterium/classification , Bifidobacterium/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationABSTRACT
Cupriavidus gilardii is a Gram-negative bacterium that has rarely been associated with human infections. We report a fatal case of sepsis caused by C. gilardii in a previously healthy 12-year-old female.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Aplastic/complications , Cupriavidus/isolation & purification , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Sepsis/diagnosis , Child , Cupriavidus/chemistry , DNA Fingerprinting , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Fatal Outcome , Fatty Acids/analysis , Female , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Humans , Sepsis/microbiologyABSTRACT
We describe two cases of Clostridium glycolicum wound infections in immunocompetent adults. The bacterium was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This is the third published report of the recovery of this organism from human clinical material and highlights the importance of the organism as a potential human pathogen. Our report extends the spectrum of the diseases caused by C. glycolicum.
Subject(s)
Clostridium Infections/diagnosis , Clostridium/isolation & purification , Wound Infection/microbiology , Adult , Clostridium Infections/microbiology , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Female , Humans , Male , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Young AdultABSTRACT
We report the 1st case of Bordetella hinzii septicemia associated with Epstein-Barr virus viremia and lymphoma. B. hinzii identification necessitated cellular fatty acid analysis by gas-liquid chromatography and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Isolates were resistant to many antimicrobials. Resistance and diagnostic challenges complicated management and contributed to mortality.
Subject(s)
Bordetella Infections/diagnosis , Bordetella/isolation & purification , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications , Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification , Lymphoma, B-Cell/virology , Sepsis/microbiology , Viremia/virology , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bordetella/chemistry , Bordetella/classification , Bordetella/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/immunology , Fatal Outcome , Fatty Acids/analysis , Female , Genes, rRNA , Humans , Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , RNA, Bacterial/genetics , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Viremia/immunologyABSTRACT
Leptotrichia buccalis is rarely implicated in systemic disease. We report two patients with clinically significant L. buccalis bacteremia which developed during the neutropenia secondary to chemotherapy. Based upon our experience, L. buccalis bacteremia should be considered in certain high-risk immunocompromised patients with mucositis and/or gingivitis.