ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as associações entre a paixão pelo trabalho, bem-estar e autoeficácia ocupacional em treinadores esportivos. Participaram do estudo 139 treinadores de ambos os sexos (71,2% masculino). Foram observados efeitos positivos da paixão harmoniosa sobre afetos positivos e autoeficácia ocupacional, e efeitos negativos sobre afetos negativos. A paixão obsessiva predisse positivamente os afetos negativos. Ainda, identificou-se o papel mediador dos afetos positivos na relação entre paixão harmoniosa e autoeficácia ocupacional. Corroborando as hipóteses teóricas, os resultados sugerem a importância do envolvimento harmonioso com a atividade profissional, seu potencial sobre experiências de emoções positivas e percepção de competência para o enfrentamento dos desafios profissionais.
The aim of this study was to verify the associations between passion for work, well-being and occupational self-efficacy in sports coaches. 139 coaches of both sexes participated (71.2% male). Positive effects of harmonious passion have been observed on positive affects and occupational self-efficacy, and negative effects on negative affects. Obsessive passion positively predicted negative affects. Still, the mediating role of positive affects in the relationship between harmonious passion and occupational self-efficacy was identified. Corroborating the theoretical hypotheses, the results suggest the importance of harmonious involvement with professional activity, its potential on positive emotional experiences and perception of competence to face professional challenges.
El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar las asociaciones entre la pasión por el trabajo, el bienestar y la autoeficacia laboral en entrenadores deportivos. Participaron 139 entrenadores de ambos sexos (71,2% hombres). Se han observado efectos positivos de la pasión armoniosa sobre los afectos positivos y la autoeficacia ocupacional, y efectos negativos sobre los afectos negativos. La pasión obsesiva predijo positivamente los afectos negativos. Aún así, se identificó el papel mediador de los afectos positivos en la relación entre la pasión armoniosa y la autoeficacia ocupacional. Corroborando las hipótesis teóricas, los resultados apuntan a la importancia de la implicación armónica con la actividad profesional, su potencialidad sobre experiencias emocionales positivas y percepción de competencia para afrontar retos profesionales.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychometrics , Psychology, Sports , Teacher Training , Psychology, PositiveABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The feasibility and safety of the use of neurorehabilitation technology (SMARTfit® Trainer system) by physical therapists in implementing a gamified physical-cognitive dual-task training (DTT) paradigm for individuals with Parkinson disease (IWPD) was examined. Additionally, the efficacy of this gamified DTT was compared to physical single-task training (STT), both of which were optimized using physio-motivational factors, on changes in motor and cognitive outcomes, and self-assessed disability in activities of daily living. METHODS: Using a cross-over study design, eight participants with mild-to-moderate idiopathic PD (including one with mild cognitive impairment) completed both training conditions (i.e., gamified DTT and STT). For each training condition, the participants attended 2-3 sessions per week over 8.8 weeks on average, with the total amount of training being equivalent to 24 1 h sessions. A washout period averaging 11.5 weeks was inserted between training conditions. STT consisted of task-oriented training involving the practice of functional tasks, whereas for gamified DTT, the same task-oriented training was implemented simultaneously with varied cognitive games using an interactive training system (SMARTfit®). Both training conditions were optimized through continual adaptation to ensure the use of challenging tasks and to provide autonomy support. Training hours, heart rate, and adverse events were measured to assess the feasibility and safety of the gamified DTT protocol. Motor and cognitive function as well as perceived disability were assessed before and after each training condition. RESULTS: Gamified DTT was feasible and safe for this cohort. Across participants, significant improvements were achieved in more outcome measures after gamified DTT than they were after STT. Individually, participants with specific demographic and clinical characteristics responded differently to the two training conditions. CONCLUSION: Physical therapists' utilization of technology with versatile hardware configurations and customizable software application selections was feasible and safe for implementing a tailor-made intervention and for adapting it in real-time to meet the individualized, evolving training needs of IWPD. Specifically in comparison to optimized STT, there was a preliminary signal of efficacy for gamified DTT in improving motor and cognitive function as well as perceived disability in IWPD.
Subject(s)
Cognitive Dysfunction , Parkinson Disease , Activities of Daily Living , Cross-Over Studies , Feasibility Studies , HumansABSTRACT
Teve-se como objetivo estimar evidências de validade com base na relação com variáveis externas para a Escala de Estado de Mindfulness para Atividade Física. Para tanto, verificou-se as diferenças de média entre praticantes de atividades esportivas e praticantes de ioga, e a associação entre mindfulness e paixão. A amostra foi composta por 85 participantes (29,16±10,93), 58 praticantes de diferentes modalidades esportivas e 27 praticantes de ioga. O teste t de student e tamanho de efeito indicaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos, com maiores níveis de mindfulness para os praticantes de ioga. Correlações de Pearson demonstraram associações positivas entre mindfulness e paixão harmoniosa e ausência de associação com paixão obsessiva, confirmando as hipóteses de validade convergente e discriminante.
The aim of this study was to estimate validity evidence based on the relation with external variables for the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity. For this purpose, means comparison was performed between groups of sports and yoga practitioners, as well as association analysis between mindfulness and passion. The sample consisted of 85 people (29.16 ± 10.93), 58 were regular practitioners of different sports, and 27 were yoga practitioners. Student's t-tests indicated meaningful differences between the groups, with higher mindfulness levels for yoga practitioners. Pearson correlation indicated positive associations between mindfulness and harmonious passion and absence of association with obsessive passion, confirming the theoretical hypothesis of convergent and discriminant validity.
El objetivo fue estimar evidencias de validez con base en la relación con variables externas para la Escala de Estado de Mindfulness para la Actividad Física. Se evaluaron las diferencias de media entre practicantes de actividades deportivas y practicantes de yoga, y la asociación entre mindfulness y la pasión. La muestra consistió en 85 participantes (29.16 ± 10.93), 58 practicantes de diferentes deportes y 27 practicantes de yoga. La prueba t de student y el tamaño del efecto indicaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos, con niveles más altos de mindfulness para los practicantes de yoga. Las correlaciones de Pearson mostraron asociaciones positivas entre mindfulness y la pasión armoniosa y ausencia de asociación con la pasión obsesiva, lo que confirma las hipótesis teóricas de validez convergente y discriminante.
ABSTRACT
Background: Past research shows that people believe psychologically caused mental disorders are helped by different treatments than biologically caused mental disorders. However, it is unknown how people think about treatment when limited information is known to identify the disorder. Objective: Our objective was to explore how laypeople judged the helpfulness of treatments when a limited set of mental health symptoms is presented. Method: Across four experiments, Mechanical Turk and college undergraduate participants (N = 331) read descriptions displaying sets of three mental health symptoms and rated how helpful pharmaceuticals, counseling, or alternative medicine would be on a 0 (not at all helpful) to 100 (completely helpful) scale. We measured judgments for perceived mental and medical symptoms (Experiment 1) and how judgments were influenced by symptom severity (Experiment 2), duration (Experiment 3), and if alternative medicine and conventional treatments were used in conjunction (Experiment 4). Results: Perceived mental symptoms were rated as helped by counseling, while perceived medical symptoms were rated as helped by medication. Alternative medicine was never rated as extremely helpful. For example, in Experiment 1, counseling (mean [M] = 80.1) was rated more helpful than pharmaceuticals (M = 50.5; P < 0.001) or alternative medicine (M = 45.1; P < 0.001) for mental symptoms, and pharmaceuticals (M = 62.6) was rated more helpful than counseling (M = 36.1; P < 0.001) or alternative medicine (M = 47.5; P < 0.001) for medical symptoms. This pattern held regardless of severity, duration, or the adjunct use of alternative medicine. Limitations: We employed a general population sample and measured hypothetical treatment judgments. Conclusions: Mental health symptoms viewed as problems of the mind are thought to need different treatment than mental health symptoms seen as problems of the body.
