ABSTRACT
In the present work, the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles, its coating with SiO2, followed by its amine functionalization with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and its conjugation with deferoxamine, a siderophore recognized by Yersinia enterocolitica, using a succinyl moiety as a linker are described. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) of magnetite (Fe3O4) were prepared by solvothermal method and coated with SiO2 (MNP@SiO2) using the Stöber process followed by functionalization with APTES (MNP@SiO2@NH2). Then, feroxamine was conjugated with the MNP@SiO2@NH2 by carbodiimide coupling to give MNP@SiO2@NH2@Fa. The morphology and properties of the conjugate and intermediates were examined by eight different methods including powder X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) mapping. This exhaustive characterization confirmed the formation of the conjugate. Finally, in order to evaluate the capacity and specificity of the nanoparticles, they were tested in a capture bacteria assay using Yersinia enterocolitica.
Subject(s)
Deferoxamine/chemistry , Magnetite Nanoparticles/chemistry , Propylamines/chemistry , Siderophores/chemistry , Silanes/chemistry , Silicon Dioxide/chemistry , Yersinia enterocoliticaABSTRACT
In this association mapping study, a tri-species hybrid, [Gossypium arboreum x (G. hirsutum x G. aridum)(2)], was crossed with MD51ne (G. hirsutum) and progeny from the cross were used to identify and map SSR markers associated with reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) resistance. Seventy-six progeny (the 50 most resistant and 26 most susceptible) plants were genotyped with 104 markers. Twenty-five markers were associated with a resistance locus that we designated Ren(ari) and two markers, BNL3279_132 and BNL2662_090, mapped within 1 cM of Ren(ari). Because the SSR fragments associated with resistance were found in G. aridum and the bridging line G 371, G. aridum is the likely source of this resistance. The resistance is simply inherited, possibly controlled by a single dominant gene. The markers identified in this project are a valuable resource to breeders and geneticists in the quest to produce cotton cultivars with a high level of resistance to reniform nematode.
Subject(s)
Crosses, Genetic , Gossypium , Immunity, Innate/genetics , Plant Diseases/parasitology , Tylenchoidea/pathogenicity , Animals , Chromosome Mapping , Chromosomes, Plant , Crops, Agricultural/parasitology , Genetic Markers , Genome, Plant , Gossypium/genetics , Gossypium/parasitologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) is an important crop worldwide that provides fiber for the textile industry. Cotton is a perennial plant that stores starch in stems and roots to provide carbohydrates for growth in subsequent seasons. Domesticated cotton makes these reserves available to developing seeds which impacts seed yield. The goals of these analyses were to identify genes and physiological pathways that establish cotton stems and roots as physiological sinks and investigate the role these pathways play in cotton development during seed set. RESULTS: Analysis of field-grown cotton plants indicated that starch levels peaked about the time of first anthesis and then declined similar to reports in greenhouse-grown cotton plants. Starch accumulated along the length of the stem and the shape and size of the starch grains from stems were easily distinguished from transient starch. Microarray analyses compared gene expression in tissues containing low levels of starch with tissues rapidly accumulating starch. Statistical analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated increased expression among genes associated with starch synthesis, starch degradation, hexose metabolism, raffinose synthesis and trehalose synthesis. The anticipated changes in these sugars were largely confirmed by measuring soluble sugars in selected tissues. CONCLUSION: In domesticated cotton starch stored prior to flowering was available to support seed production. Starch accumulation observed in young field-grown plants was not observed in greenhouse grown plants. A suite of genes associated with starch biosynthesis was identified. The pathway for starch utilization after flowering was associated with an increase in expression of a glucan water dikinase gene as has been implicated in utilization of transient starch. Changes in raffinose levels and levels of expression of genes controlling trehalose and raffinose biosynthesis were also observed in vegetative cotton tissues as plants age.
Subject(s)
Carbohydrate Metabolism/genetics , Gossypium/genetics , Plant Roots/metabolism , Plant Stems/metabolism , Starch/metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Genes, Plant , Gossypium/metabolism , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Plant Roots/genetics , Plant Stems/genetics , RNA, Plant/metabolism , Starch/analysisABSTRACT
Se evaluó la expresión de oligosacáridos en la glándula mamaria de llamas (Lama glama) durante la lactogénesis utilizando lectinas. Mediante análisis morfométrico se evaluó el diámetro nuclear de los lactocitos, diámetros promedio de los alvéolos y el porcentaje del área ocupada por la luz alveolar. Se realizaron biopsias a 15 hembras, a los 5,15,30,60 y 120 días postparto. Se utilizaron siete lectinas biotiniladas (Con-A, WGA, DBA, SBA, PNA; RCA-1, UEA-1), siguiendo protocolos preestablecidos (Método ABC). El citoplasma del dominio apical de los lactocitos reaccionó intensamente con las lectinas WGA y RCA; y en forma moderada a Con-A, durante toda la lactogénesis. El glucocálix de los lactocitos reaccionó intensamente con SBA y PNA, en todos los períodos estudiados; desde el día 5 hasta el día 15 la reacción fue marcada para la RCA, y desde el 15 hasta los 120 días de lactogénesis con la DBA. No hubo marcación del parénquima con UEA- en ningunos de los períodos estudiados. Los resultados mostraron que los hidratos de carbono se expresan de diferentes maneras a medida que progresa la producción láctea, lo que indica la ocurrencia de cambios biomoleculares debidos a una intensa actividad funcional. El análisis morfométrico reveló que no se produce variaciones en el área relativa ocupada por los alvéolos, pero sí un aumento significativo (p<0.05) en el tamaño de los alvéolos a partir del día 15 acompañado por una disminución en el tamaño de los núcleos de lactocitos, a partir de los 60 días
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Camelids, New World/anatomy & histology , Mammary Glands, Animal/anatomy & histology , Argentina , Histocytochemistry/methods , Lactation/metabolism , Lectins/pharmacology , Mammary Glands, Animal/chemistryABSTRACT
La presente comunicación ratifica la ya conocida utilidad del método ecográfico en el diagnóstico de malformaciones congénitas, aún en el caso de anomalías complejas como las que se describen, aportando información que facilita los diagnósticos diferenciales y ayuda a decidir el abordaje obstétrico y el posible tratamiento (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pregnancy , Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/statistics & numerical data , Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Diagnostic ImagingABSTRACT
La presente comunicación ratifica la ya conocida utilidad del método ecográfico en el diagnóstico de malformaciones congénitas, aún en el caso de anomalías complejas como las que se describen, aportando información que facilita los diagnósticos diferenciales y ayuda a decidir el abordaje obstétrico y el posible tratamiento
