History of periodontitis as a risk factor for implant failure and incidence of peri-implantitis: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis of prospective cohort studies.

INTRODUCTION: Dental implants are widely employed as dependable replacements for lost teeth. However, it is crucial to establish, solely through prospective cohort studies, whether a history of periodontitis indeed constitutes a significant risk factor for implant failure. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in October 2022 in several electronic databases with subsequent manual updates. Only original prospective cohort studies evaluating the implant (loss) rate ≥1 year after implant loading were included. Logarithmic risk ratio and weighted mean differences were calculated. Study results were summarized using random effects meta-analyses evaluated by trial sequential analyses. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale evaluated study bias and the GRADE approach assessed the certainty/quality of the evidence. RESULTS: A total of 14 publications reporting on 12 prospective cohort studies were included. Low evidence certainty/quality evidence due to the absence of randomized clinical trials revealed significantly greater odds of failure in patients with a history of periodontitis at follow-ups both after ≤5 years (RR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.71-2.37; p = 0.013) and >5 years (RR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.12-4.53; p = 0.023). The incidence of peri-implantitis (RR = 4.09; 95% CI: 1.93-8.58; p < 0.001) and the weighted mean (WM) of marginal bone loss (WM difference = 0.75 mm; 95% CI: 0.18-1.31; p < 0.05) were statistically significantly greater in the periodontally compromised group, whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups for peri-implant probing depth. CONCLUSION: A history of periodontitis can be considered a significant risk factor for incident implant failure, peri-implantitis, and greater marginal bone loss.

Treatment of Multiple RT1 Gingival Recessions Using a Coronally Advanced Flap Associated with L-PRF or Subgingival Connective Tissue Graft from Maxillary Tuberosity: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.

The goal of plastic periodontal surgery is to obtain complete root coverage, increasing gingival thickness (GT), a positive prognostic factor for gingival margin stability over time. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the Coronally Advanced Flap (CAF) in RT1 (GR; gingival recession with no loss of interproximal attachment) when associated with a connective tissue graft from the maxillary tuberosity (tCTG) or with leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membranes in obtaining root coverage and increasing the thickness and width of the keratinized tissue, along with aesthetic improvement, taking into account a number of patient-related outcomes. Thirty patients with two adjacent RT1 GRs (GRs with no loss of interproximal attachment) were each treated using CAF associated with tCTG (15 patients) or L-PRF. The main outcome was a GT increase; secondary outcomes were keratinized tissue width (KT), gingival recession (GR), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), root coverage percentage (RC%), complete root coverage (CRC), and root coverage esthetic score (RES). Patient-reported outcomes were discomfort (D), dentine hypersensitivity (DH), patient-related esthetic score (PRES), and overall treatment satisfaction (OTS). After 12 months, clinical and patient-reported parameters did not show significant differences between groups, with the only exception being a GT gain, which was significantly greater in the CAF + tCTG group. Our results showed that both techniques were effective in treating RT1 GRs, with comparable patient-related outcomes. However, the use of tCTG produces significantly thicker tissue, covering the exposed root surface.

Evaluation of Post-Operative Morbidity and Palatal Wound Healing after Implant Uncovering Surgical Procedure Performed with Apically Positioned Flap (APF) and Leukocyte and Platelet-Rich-Fibrin (L-PRF): An Original Technique.

Background and Objectives: Dental implants are recognized as an effective treatment in the management of edentulous patients; controversies surround the connection between the sufficiency of keratinized gingiva (KG) and peri-implant health. Maintaining an ample amount of peri-implant KG is crucial for minimizing gingival inflammation, highlighting the need for regular consideration of soft-tissue augmentation. Among the diverse periodontal plastic surgical procedures, the apically positioned flap (APF) is notable for its ability to enhance the width of keratinized tissue while minimizing patient morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of L-PRF on palatal wound healing and patient discomfort after surgery. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with two adjacent submerged fixtures in the maxilla and buccal keratinized gingiva widths < 2 mm were treated with APF and L-PRF. Clinical evaluations were performed at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks post-surgery, focusing on parameters such as complete wound epithelialization (CWE), postoperative discomfort (D), changes in feeding habits (CFH), alteration of sensitivity (AS) around the wound area, and the consumption of analgesics. Results: Our data revealed CWE in 5 patients by the end of the second week, with the remaining 15 achieving CWE by the end of the third week. For D and CHF, a statistically significant improvement was recorded for all cases between the first and second weeks, as well as AS, although less substantial, by the third week. No significant changes were noted for AS over the initial two weeks. Conclusions: These findings suggest that L-PRF may enhance wound healing and decrease patient discomfort following APF for fixture uncovering.

Gingival phenotype changes after different periodontal plastic surgical techniques: a single-masked randomized controlled clinical trial.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: Aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the effects on gingival thickness of three surgical techniques for root coverage: the coronally advanced flap (CAF) alone, with a sub-epithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) or with leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membranes. METHODS: Sixty patients with RT1 single maxillary gingival recession were treated with CAF + L-PRF (20 patients), CAF + SCTG (20 patients) or CAF alone (20 patients). At baseline and 6-month after treatment, gingival thickness (GT), keratinized tissue width (KT), gingival recession (GR), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), PROMs, and the aesthetic outcome were recorded. RESULTS: CAF + SCTG and CAF + L-PRF groups showed a significantly greater mean GT increase than CAF alone (0.31 ± 0.10 mm) with no significant differences between CAF + SCTG (0.99 ± 0.02 mm) and CAF + L-PRF (0.92 ± 0.52 mm) groups (p = 0.55). CAF + SCTG was associated with a significantly greater KT gain (3.85 ± 1.04 mm), while in CAF + L-PRF (2.03 ± 0.53 mm) and CAF (1.50 ± 0.69 mm) groups, KT was not significantly increased. Both GR and CAL showed a significant within groups' improvement, without among-groups differences. No significant among-groups difference for the aesthetic outcome but greater discomfort and pain-killer consumption in CAF + SCTG group was detected. CONCLUSION: All investigated surgical techniques produced significant GR reduction and CAL gain. GT was similarly augmented by CAF + L-PRF and CAF + SCTG techniques; however, the CAF + SCTG technique produced a more predictable KT and GT increase. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results of our study suggest that the CAF + SCTG technique represents the most predictable method for the clinician to improve the gingival phenotype, an important factor for long term gingival margin stability.

Minimally invasive gingival phenotype modification in gingival recession associated with a non-carious cervical lesion using the root plastique technique: A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest study.

BACKGROUND: This study introduces the root plastique technique (RPT), the aim of which is to modify the gingival phenotype of sites with gingival recessions (GRs) associated with non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) prior to surgical treatment. METHODS: RPT was performed in 22 subjects with 53 RT1 A/B + GRs. Changes in keratinized tissue thickness (KTT), keratinized tissue width (KTW), relative gingival recession (RGR), relative clinical attachment level (RCAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD) were measured at baseline (T0) and 2 months (T1) after the procedure was performed. All analyses were performed by means of hierarchical models. RESULTS: The study revealed statistically significant changes (P < 0.01) in KTT (0.45 ± 0.04 mm), RGR (0.80 ± 0.13 mm), KTW (0.67 ± 0.07 mm), and RCAL (-0.72 ± 0.16 mm). No changes in PPD (P > 0.05) were observed. Regression analyses of KTT increase and RGR reduction at T0 showed statistically significant correlation between the two variables (P < 0.05). All the teeth with a KTT of <0.8 mm at T0 (N = 14) reached or surpassed this threshold at T1. CONCLUSION: RPT increases KTT and KTW. In most of the sites, a reduction in GR was also achieved.

OSA Wellness Scale (OWS): A New Health-Related Quality of Life Test in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients Treated with Mandibular Advancement Device.

Objectives: To present a new short self-test, called the OSA wellness scale (OWS), for assessing the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) changes in obstructive apnea syndrome (OSA) patients treated with mandibular advancement device (MAD). Methods: 51 OSA patients (8 women and 43 men, mean age 52.3) treated with a fully customizable MAD device (Protrusor) were retrospectively enrolled. Each patient received a home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) at baseline (T0) and after three months of MAD treatment (T1). Two self-test evaluations, the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and OWS were also submitted at T0 and T1. The OWS was a short self-test of 8 questions for evaluating the daytime HRQoL. Patients gave an assessment from 0 to 3 for each question. At the end of the questionnaire, the patients had a score from 0 to 24, resulting from the sum of all 8 scores. The higher the score, the greater the patient's perceived state of discomfort. Results: At T1, a significant decrease in the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was shown (p < 0.0001), while no significant changes in body mass index (BMI) were found. Both the ESS and the OWS records showed a significant reduction in daytime sleepiness and HRQoL (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The OWS could be a useful method to verify and numerically compare the perceived quality of life in OSA patients, before and after MAD therapy.

The relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea and erectile dysfunction: An underdiagnosed link? A prospective cross-sectional study.

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of erectile dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. We enrolled 133 male patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnoea. Ear, nose and throat evaluation, laboratory tests, body mass index, Epworth sleepiness scale, 5-international index of erectile function, overnight ambulatory polygraphy and drug-induced sleep endoscopy patterns were assessed. Eighty patients reported obstructive sleep apnoea. 60% (n = 48) reported erectile dysfunction. Statistically significant correlations were found between 5-International Index of Erectile Function and age, hypertension, diabetes, Epworth sleepiness scale, apnoea-hypopnea index score, O2 saturation-nadir, and oxygen desaturation index. Age, diabetes and O2 saturation-nadir were independent predictors of erectile function. Epworth sleepiness scale, apnoea-hypopnea index score, O2 saturation-nadir, oxygen desaturation index and albumin were higher compared to patients without erectile dysfunction. No statistically significant differences were reported for drug-induced sleep endoscopy patterns and erectile dysfunction. Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea were at significant risk of having erectile dysfunction. Males with obstructive sleep apnoea should be investigated for erectile dysfunction.

WO3 Nanowires Enhance Molecular Alignment and Optical Anisotropy in Electrospun Nanocomposite Fibers: Implications for Hybrid Light-Emitting Systems.

The molecular orientation in polymer fibers is investigated for the purpose of enhancing their optical properties through nanoscale control by nanowires mixed in electrospun solutions. A prototypical system, consisting of a conjugated polymer blended with polyvinylpyrrolidone, mixed with WO3 nanowires, is analyzed. A critical strain rate of the electrospinning jet is determined by theoretical modeling at which point the polymer network undergoes a stretch transition in the fiber direction, resulting in a high molecular orientation that is partially retained after solidification. Nearing a nanowire boundary, local adsorption of the polymer and hydrodynamic drag further enhance the molecular orientation. These theoretical predictions are supported by polarized scanning near-field optical microscopy experiments, where the dichroic ratio of the light transmitted by the fiber provides evidence of increased orientation nearby nanowires. The addition of nanowires to enhance molecular alignment in polymer fibers might consequently enhance properties such as photoluminescence quantum yield, polarized emission, and tailored energy migration, exploitable in light-emitting photonic and optoelectronic devices and for sensing applications.

Main Duct Thresholds for Malignancy Are Different in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreatic Head and Body-Tail.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The risk of malignancy is uncertain for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) with main pancreatic duct (MPD) of 5-9 mm. No study has correlated MPD size and malignancy considering the anatomic site of the gland (head versus body-tail). Our aim was to analyze the significance of MPD in pancreatic head/body-tail as a predictor of malignancy in main-duct/mixed IPMNs. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of resected patients between 2009-2018 was performed. Malignancy was defined as high-grade dysplasia and invasive carcinoma. MPD diameter was measured with magnetic resonance imaging. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was utilized to identify optimal MPD cut-off for malignancy. Independent predictors of malignancy were searched. RESULTS: Malignancy was detected in 74% of 312 identified patients. 213 patients (68.3%) had IPMNs of the pancreatic head and 99 (31.7%) of the body-tail. ROC analysis identified 9 and 7 mm as the optimal MPD cut-offs for malignancy in IPMNs of head and body-tail of the pancreas, respectively. Multivariate analysis confirmed that MPD ≥9 mm (pancreatic head) and ≥7 mm (body-tail) were independent predictors of malignancy along with macroscopic solid components, positive cytology and elevated CA 19-9. The risk of malignancy was low for IPMNs with MPD ≤8 mm (pancreatic head) or ≤6 mm (pancreatic body-tail) unless high-risk stigmata or multiple worrisome features were present. CONCLUSIONS: Different thresholds of MPD dilation are associated with malignancy in IPMNs of the head and body-tail of the pancreas. The risk of malignancy for IPMNs with MPD ≤8 mm (pancreatic head) or ≤6 mm (pancreatic body-tail) lacking high-risk stigmata or multiple worrisome features is low.

Added benefit of L-PRF to autogenous bone grafts in the treatment of degree II furcation involvement in mandibular molars.

BACKGROUND: Tissue regeneration within the periodontally involved furcation area is one of the most challenging aspects of periodontal surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the additional benefit of leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) to autogenous bone grafts (ABGs) in the treatment of mandibular molar degree II furcation involvement, comparing the clinical outcomes with those from open flap debridement (OFD)+ABG and OFD alone treatments. METHODS: Fifty-four patients, exhibiting one buccal or lingual mandibular molar furcation defect, were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: OFD+ABG+L-PRF (n = 18); OFD+ABG (n = 18); and OFD (n = 18). Clinical (probing depth [PD], horizontal clinical attachment level [HCAL], vertical clinical attachment level [VCAL], gingival recession [GR]) and radiographic (vertical bone level [VBL]) parameters were evaluated at baseline and 6 months after treatment. HCAL change was the primary outcome. RESULTS: No significant differences within each group were reported for GR changes, but statistically significant improvements in HCAL, VCAL, PD, and VBL were observed in all groups, except for VBL in the OFD group. At 6 months, the mean HCAL gain was 2.29 ± 0.18 mm in the OFD+ABG+L-PRF group, which was significantly greater than that in the OFD+ABG (1.61 ± 0.18 mm) and OFD (0.86 ± 0.18 mm) groups. Both OFD+ABG+L-PRF and OFD+ABG therapies produced a significantly greater clinical and radiographic improvement than OFD. CONCLUSION: The addition of L-PRF to ABG produces a significantly greater HCAL gain and PD reduction as compared with OFD+ABG treatment in mandibular degree II furcation involvements.

Developing an infrastructure for secure patient summary exchange in the EU context: Lessons learned from the KONFIDO project.

BACKGROUND: The increase of healthcare digitalization comes along with potential information security risks. Thus, the EU H2020 KONFIDO project aimed to provide a toolkit supporting secure cross-border health data exchange. METHODS: KONFIDO focused on the so-called "User Goals", while also identifying barriers and facilitators regarding eHealth acceptance. Key user scenarios were elaborated both in terms of threat analysis and legal challenges. Moreover, KONFIDO developed a toolkit aiming to enhance the security of OpenNCP, the reference implementation framework. RESULTS: The main project outcomes are highlighted and the "Lessons Learned," the technical challenges and the EU context are detailed. CONCLUSIONS: The main "Lessons Learned" are summarized and a set of recommendations is provided, presenting the position of the KONFIDO consortium toward a robust EU-wide health data exchange infrastructure. To this end, the lack of infrastructure and technical capacity is highlighted, legal and policy challenges are identified and the need to focus on usability and semantic interoperability is emphasized. Regarding technical issues, an emphasis on transparent and standards-based development processes is recommended, especially for landmark software projects. Finally, promoting mentality change and knowledge dissemination is also identified as key step toward the development of secure cross-border health data exchange services.

A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis to Assess the Outcomes in Pre- and Post-Fast-Track Hip and Knee Elective Prosthesis Patients.

Fast-track surgery is a multimodal evidence-based approach to perioperative care aimed at reducing complications and recovery time. We compared a fast-track protocol to standard care in the setting of a small Italian general hospital. Propensity score estimation before and after the study was performed to compare pre-fast-track (pre-FT; January 2013-March 2014) and fast-track (FT; January 2016-December 2016) patients undergoing elective hip and knee replacement surgery with a three-year follow-up (up to January 2020). The primary endpoints were the mean hemoglobin drop, mean predischarge hemoglobin, transfusion and reinfusion rates, pain, ambulation day, hospital length of stay (LOS), and discharge to home/outpatient care or rehabilitation hospital center. The secondary endpoints were the adherence measures to the FT protocol, namely, tourniquet and surgical times, use of drains and catheters, type of anesthesia administered, and complications within three years. The risk difference (RD) and the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were calculated for each outcome. After the propensity score estimation, we analyzed 59 patients in the pre-FT and 122 in the FT categories. The FT patients, with respect to the pre-FT patients, ameliorated their mean hemoglobin drop from 3.7 to 3.1 g/dl (p < 0.01) and improved their predischarge mean hemoglobin (10.5 g/dL versus 11.0 g/dL; p = 0.01). Furthermore, the aOR of being transfused was reduced by 81% (p < 0,01); the RD of being reinfused was reduced by 63% (p < 0.01); the aOR of having low pain on the first day was increased by more than six times (p < 0.01); the RD of ambulating the first day increased by 91% (p < 0.01); the aOR of admission to a rehabilitation hospital center was reduced by 98% (p < 0.01); the aOR of home discharge increased by 42 times (p < 0.01); the median LOS, tourniquet and surgical times, and use of catheters and drains significantly decreased. Patients with complications at 1 month were 43.1% and 38.2%, respectively, of pre-FT and FT patients (p = 0.63). Complications at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months were significantly lower for the FT patients. This study showed that the uptake of enhanced recovery practices was successful and resulted in the improvement of clinical and organizational outcomes. The fast-track concept and related programs may optimize perioperative care and streamline surgical and rehabilitation care paths.

Efficacy of inorganic bovine bone combined with leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin or collagen membranes for treating unfavorable periodontal infrabony defects: Randomized non-inferiority trial.

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence shows the efficacy of platelet concentrates in periodontal therapy. This study aimed to demonstrate that an inorganic bovine bone graft (IBB) in combination with a leukocyte and platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF) is non-inferior to a combination with a collagen membrane (CM) when managing unfavorable infrabony defects (IBDs). METHODS: All patients exhibited at least one unfavorable IBD; they were randomly assigned to two groups, 31 treated with L-PRF+IBB and 31 with CM+IBB. A clinical and radiographic examination was performed at baseline and 12 months later. Clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), probing depth (PD), and radiographic defect bone level (DBL) post-therapy changes were compared between the two treatments. A non-inferiority margin = 1 mm was set to determine the efficacy of the test treatment (-1 mm for GR); a second non-inferiority margin = 0.5 mm (-0.5 mm for GR) was chosen for clinical relevance. RESULTS: Twelve months after surgery a significant improvement of clinical and radiographic parameters was observed at both experimental sites. The 90% confidence intervals of the CM+IBB-L-PRF+IBB mean difference for CAL gain (-0.810 mm [-1.300 to -0.319]) and DBL gain (-0.648 mm [-1.244 to -0.052]) were below the 0.5 mm non-inferiority margin; GR increase (1.284 mm [0.764 to 1.804]) remained above the -0.5 mm, while PD reduction (0.499 mm [0.145 to 0.853]) crossed its 0.5-mm margin. CONCLUSIONS: The L-PRF+IBB treatment of unfavorable IBDs offers non-inferior efficacy for CAL gain, showing less GR and more DBL gain too, while for PD reduction it is inferior to the CM+IBB treatment.

Identification of bone marrow edema of the knee: diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy CT in comparison with MRI.

BACKGROUND: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in diagnosing bone marrow edema (BME) of the knee in traumatic and non-traumatic patients. METHODS: This prospective IRB approved study included 33 consecutive patients (20 males, 13 females; mean age of 52.2 years) evaluated with DECT (80 and 150 kV) and MRI within 6 days. Two experienced radiologists qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated DECT images. The accuracy values were calculated by using receiver operator curves (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC), using MRI as the reference standard. Inter-observer and intra-observer agreement were calculated with k-statistics. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: MRI depicted BME in 25/33 patients (75.7%). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of per-partition qualitative analysis were 92.9, 92.9, 78.2, 97.9, and 92.9%, for reader 1, and 88.2, 93.9, 79.8, 96.6, and 92.6%, for reader 2, respectively. The inter-observer agreement was substantial (k = 0.793) and the intra-observer agreement was near-perfect (k = 0.844). At the quantitative analysis, a significant difference (p < 0.001) was depicted between the density values of positive (mean 3.6 ± 25.3 HU) and negative cases (mean - 72.2 ± 45.1 HU). By using - 15 HU cutoff to identify BME, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of DECT were 84.7, 93.6, 78.2, 95.7, and 91.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: DECT can accurately identify BME of the knee.

Identification of bone marrow edema around the ankle joint in non-traumatic patients: Diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy computed tomography.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of DECT in the identification of BME of the ankle in non-traumatic patients. METHODS: This prospective institutional review board approved study included 40 consecutive patients (21 males and 19 females, mean age 56.8 years, SD = 11.37) that were examined using DECT and MRI in the period between April 2019 and January 2020. Two radiologists (7 and 16 years of experience) evaluated the presence of BME on DECT mages. Diagnostic accuracy values for diagnosing BME on a per-patient and on a per-partition basis analysis were calculated for DECT images by two readers (R1 and R2, with 16 and 7 years of experience, respectively), using MRI as a gold-standard for diagnosis. Inter-observer agreements were calculated with k-statistics. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: MRI depicted BME in 29/40 patients (72.50%) and in 43/240 partitions (17.91%). The consensus reading by R1 and R2 of DECT images allowed us to achieve 89.7% sensitivity (26/29 patients) and 81.8% specificity (9/11 patients). Regarding the partitions-basis analysis, BME was depicted by DECT in 39/43 partitions (90.69% sensitivity), and ruled out in 189/197 partitions (95.93% specificity). Sensitivity and specificity for the most involved partitions (talar dome) were both 95%. The inter-observer agreement for patients' analysis was substantial (k = 0.697), whereas for the partitions' analysis, it ranged from substantial (k = 0.724) to near perfect (k = 0.950). CONCLUSIONS: DECT can accurately diagnose BME of the ankle in a cohort of non-traumatic patients.

Assembly of Pt Nanoparticles on Graphitized Carbon Nanofibers as Hierarchically Structured Electrodes.

Carbon-based nanofibers decorated with metallic nanoparticles (NPs) as hierarchically structured electrodes offer significant opportunities for use in low-temperature fuel cells, electrolyzers, flow and air batteries, and electrochemical sensors. We present a facile and scalable method for preparing nanostructured electrodes composed of Pt NPs on graphitized carbon nanofibers. Electrospinning directly addresses the issues related to large-scale production of Pt-based fuel cell electrocatalysts. Through precursors containing polyacrylonitrile and Pt salt electrospinning along with an annealing protocol, we obtain approximately 180 nm thick graphitized nanofibers decorated with approximately 5 nm Pt NPs. By in situ annealing scanning transmission electron microscopy, we qualitatively resolve and quantitatively analyze the unique dynamics of Pt NP formation and movement. Interestingly, by very efficient thermal-induced segregation of all Pt from the inside to the surface of the nanofibers, we increase overall Pt utilization as electrocatalysis is a surface phenomenon. The obtained nanomaterials are also investigated by spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy, highlighting the higher structural order in nanofibers upon doping with Pt precursors. The rationalization of the observed phenomena of segregation and ordering mechanisms in complex carbon-based nanostructured systems is critically important for the effective utilization of all metal-containing catalysts, such as electrochemical oxygen reduction reactions, among many other applications.

Intelligent non-colorimetric indicators for the perishable supply chain by non-wovens with photo-programmed thermal response.

Spoiled perishable products, such as food and drugs exposed to inappropriate temperature, cause million illnesses every year. Risks range from intoxication due to pathogen-contaminated edibles, to suboptimal potency of temperature-sensitive vaccines. High-performance and low-cost indicators are needed, based on conformable materials whose properties change continuously and irreversibly depending on the experienced time-temperature profile. However, these systems can be limited by unclear reading, especially for colour-blind people, and are often difficult to be encoded with a tailored response to detect excess temperature over varying temporal profiles. Here we report on optically-programmed, non-colorimetric indicators based on nano-textured non-wovens encoded by their cross-linking degree. This combination allows a desired time-temperature response to be achieved, to address different perishable products. The devices operate by visual contrast with ambient light, which is explained by backscattering calculations for the complex fibrous material. Optical nanomaterials with photo-encoded thermal properties might establish new design rules for intelligent labels.

Periodontal regeneration by leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin with autogenous bone graft versus enamel matrix derivative with autogenous bone graft in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: A randomized non-inferiority trial.

BACKGROUND: Aim of the present study was to ascertain if a combination of leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) + autogenous bone graft (ABG) may be a clinically "non-inferior" treatment modality as compared with the association of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) with ABG in the management of intrabony defects (IBDs). METHODS: A total of forty-four patients, exhibiting at least one unfavorable intraosseous defect, were treated by L-PRF associated with ABG (22 patients; test group) or EMD+ABG (control group) in each defect. At baseline and 12 months, a complete clinical and radiographic examination was done. Pre- and post-therapy clinical (probing pocket depth [PPD], clinical attachment level [CAL], gingival recession [GR]) and radiographic (defect Bone level [(DBL)] parameters for the different treatments were compared. To guarantee the test treatment's efficacy 1mm was chosen as non-inferiority margin; for clinical relevance, a second non-inferiority margin = 0.5 mm was set. RESULTS: Clinical and radiographic parameters significantly improved 12 months after surgery in both test and control sites, without inter-groups differences for each measurement. The control group - test group differences for the parameters CAL gain -0.248 mm (-0.618 to 0.122), PPD Reduction -0.397 mm (-0.810 to 0.015), GR Change 0.059 mm (-0.300 to 0.418), DBL Gain -0.250 mm (-0.746 to 0.246) were all within the non-inferiority margin of 0.5 mm. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the L-PRF+ABG combined treatment of non-contained IBDs produces non-inferior results in terms of CAL gain, PPD reduction, GR increase and DBL gain in comparison with the EMD+ABG combination.

Identification of bone marrow edema of the ankle: diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy CT in comparison with MRI.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) to identify bone marrow edema (BME) of the ankle. METHODS: This prospective institutional review board approved study included 40 consecutive patients (29 males and 11 females; mean age of 32.3 years) studied with DECT (80 kV and tin filter 150 kV) and MRI within 10 days. DECT data were post-processed for generating non-calcium images of the ankle. Two radiologists evaluated the presence of BME on color-coded maps. Diagnostic accuracy values for diagnosing BME were calculated for DECT maps (qualitative assessment) and for CT numbers (quantitative assessment) by using receiver operator curves and area under the curve (AUC), using MRI as the gold standard. Interobserver and intraobserver agreements were calculated with k-statistics. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: DECT depicted BME in 23/25 patients (92.0%). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV, and accuracy achieved by evaluating the DECT images were 92.0, 86.6, 92.0, 84.6, and 90.0%, for reader 1 and 88.0, 86.6, 91.6, 78.6, and 87.5, for reader 2, respectively. The interobserver and intraobsever agreements were near perfect (k = 0.87 and k = 0.83, respectively). DECT numbers were significantly different between positive (mean - 12.6 ± 29.6 HU) and negative cases (mean - 64.2 ± 34.5 HU) with a p value < 0.001. By using - 20HU cutoff to identify BME (AUC of 0.896.), the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV, and accuracy of the quantitative analysis were 88.0, 92.6, 95.7, 92.6, and 87.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: DECT represents an accurate imaging tool for demonstration of BME of the ankle when compared to MRI.