[About improving of therapeutic and preventive measures with regard to flight personnel in surgical diseases].

A total incidence of flight personnel third place takes surgical pathology, which is one of the leading causes of disqualification. Conditions that determine occupational health status of flight personnel with surgical diseases are appropriate therapeutic and preventive measures and regular medical monitoring. In purposes of qualified decision of diagnosis, treatment, examination, treatment and preventive measures of surgical pathology in flight personnel it is suggested to develop in accordance with the guidelines and latest developments in surgery "Guidelines for the medical health monitoring of flight personnel in surgical diseases of the aviation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation".

[Functional status of organism in the process of routine military-professional activity in women serving in armed forces].

The functional status of 143 female soldiers the Army of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are studied in order to predict the success of the military profession (CPA) through the use of a set of psychological and socio-psychological methods. He calculations predicted the success of the CPA were performed using a multiple regression equation, compiled on the basis of correlation and regression analysis. It was established that female soldiers are classified as those with low adaptive capacity, it is difficult to adapt to new conditions. Their function remains within the lower rates, but maintain the required professional military efficiency. The recommendations on the organization of professional selection and psychophysiological support the CPA on the socio-psychological, psychological and physiological levels are given.

Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol refractive index and particle size distribution from ground-based measurements of direct and scattered solar radiation.

Ground-based sunphotometer observation of direct and scattered solar radiation is a traditional tool for providing data on aerosol optical properties. Spectral transmission and solar aureole measurements provide an optical source of aerosol information, which can be inverted for retrieval of microphysical properties (particle size distribution and refractive index). However, to infer these aerosol properties from ground-based remote-sensing measurements, special numerical inversion methods should be developed and applied. We propose two improvements to the existing inversion techniques employed to derive aerosol microphysical properties from combined atmospheric transmission and solar aureole measurements. First, the aerosol refractive index is directly included in the inversion procedure and is retrieved simultaneously with the particle size spectra. Second, we allow for real or effective instrumental pointing errors by including a correction factor for scattering angle errors as a retrieved inversion parameter. The inversion technique is validated by numerical simulations and applied to field data. It is shown that ground-based sunphotometer measurements enable one to derive the real part of the aerosol refractive index with an absolute error of 0.03-0.05 and to distinguish roughly between weakly and strongly absorbing aerosols. The aureole angular observation scheme can be refined with an absolute accuracy of 0.15-0.19 deg. Offset corrections to the scattering angle error are generally found to be small and consistently of the order of -0.17. This error magnitude is deduced to be due primarily to nonlinear field-of-view averaging effects rather than to instrumental errors.

[Hygienic express-diagnosis of the toxicity of drinking water disinfectants using biotests]. / Gigienicheskaia ékspress-diagnostika toksichnosti dezinfektantov pit'evoi vody s pomoshch'iu biotestirovaniia.

Toxicity of water treated by two disinfectants, AOKh-K and gaseous chlorine, was studied by biotesting on Daphnia magna, Tetrahymena pyriformis (TP) and renal epithelium of porcine embryo (REPE). The study showed that AOKh-K preparation is nontoxic and chlorine toxic for TP and REPE in concentrations 2 and 3 mg/l.

[Injuries of blood vessels of the liver during hepatic trauma]. / Povrezhdenie sosudov pecheni pri ee travme.

Radio-angiograms of 33 severe hepatic trauma casualties were analysed. Five types of injury to the liver were identified according to the anatomical disorders of the organ and their localization: 1) complete rupture of the organ; 2) central ruptures with extension of deep fissures from the caval porta along the hepatic vein and formation of intraparenchymal cavities; 3) multiple moderate and small ruptures of both hepatic lobes; 4) ruptures of the peripheral part of the liver; 5) subcapsular and intrahepatic hematomas, contusion of the liver. Injury to vessels of the first-second order were encountered in complete ruptures of the organ, in all other cases intactness of the vascular system was disturbed at the parenchymatous interlobular level.

[Clinico-anatomical basis for using the variants of proximal gastric vagotomy in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers]. / Kliniko-anatomicheskoe obosnovanie variantov proksimal'noi selektivnoi vagotomii v lechenii iazvennoi bolezni dvenadtsati- perstnoi kishki i zheludka.

Anatomical examinations (33 cadavers) for studying parasympathetic innervation of the upper abdominal organs formed the basis for developing a new variant of proximal gastric vagotomy--anterior seromyotomy of the body and fundus of the stomach in combination with posterior truncal or posterior selective vagotomy. This variant excludes mobilization of the esophagus and makes it possible to preserve the ligament apparatus of the esophago-gastric junction as well as the parasympathetic innervation of the pancreas, small and large intestine, kidneys, and adrenals, which may be a measure for the prevention of some ++post-vagotomy complications.

[Surgical anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall in normal viscera, dolichoviscerosis and visceroptosis]. / Khirurgicheskaia anatomiia perednei briushnoi stenki pri vistseronorme, dolikhovistseroze i vistseroptoze.

There are three types in position of the abdominal internal organs: visceronorm, dolichoviscerosis and visceroptosis. The anterior abdominal wall also has its own anatomical peculiarities at every type of the internal organs position. Anatomical differences of its structure at visceronorm and dolichoviscerosis in comparison with visceroptosis are characterized as following: the area of aponeurotic formations of the anterior abdominal wall at dolichoviscerosis and visceroptosis increases and that of the muscular-decreases. Umbilical and inguinal rings are essentially dilated in comparison with those at visceronorm. It means that at dolichoviscerosis and visceroptosis there are anatomical prerequisites for development of external hernias in the anterior abdominal wall. A considerable mobility of the intestinal tract loops at dolichoviscerosis and visceroptosis results in certain disturbances of its function and their outlet into hernial sacs.

[Surgical treatment of postoperative and recurrent ventral hernia]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie posleoperatsionnykh i retsidivnykh ventral'nykh gryzh.

One of the causes of the appearance of ventral hernias, postoperative and recurrent ones included, is noncomplete fixation of internal organs to the posterior abdominal wall in the prenatal period. For the radical treatment of hernias as a disease operative procedures must include in addition to strengthening of the hernia hilus, removal of the pathologically altered organs, correction of fixation of organs to the posterior lateral surface of the abdominal wall.

[Ligament system of the large intestine]. / Sviazochnyi apparat tolstoi kishki.

Unconstant ligaments of the large intestine perform the function of its additional fixation. Their number increases as the mobility of the large intestine intensifies. During operative interventions the ligaments of the large intestine should be preserved. If their cutting is necessary, they should be subsequently restored.

[Variants of the suspensory muscle of the duodenum (Treitz's ligament) and the anatomical basis for its effective dissection in duodenal stasis]. / Varianty myshtsy, podveshivaiushchei dvenadtsatiperstnuiu kishku (sviazka Treittsa), i anatomicheskoe obosnovanie éffektivnosti ee rassecheniia pri duodenostaze.

Depending on peculiarities of the duodenum fixation to the posterior abdominal wall, normal (normoduodenum), dolichoduodenum and duodenoptosis variants are distinguished. The m. suspensoris duodeni (ligament of Treits) in each variant has its peculiarities. At the normoduodenum and dolichoduodenum, the ligament of Treitz contains a considerable amount of striated muscle tissue. At the duodenoptosis--it consists of a loose fibrous connective tissue with single smooth (non-striated) muscle fibers. As demonstrate anatomical experiments for dissection of the normal ligament of Treitz and of its two variants, dissection of the ligament of Treitz at duodenoptosis eliminates essential anatomical prerequisites of duodenostasis.

Arsenazo III and its analogues-VII Colour reactions of the rare earth elements with a new reagent-carboxynitrazo.

A new reagent, Carboxynitrazo, gives a colour reaction with some rare earth elements. For the individual rare earth elements the sensitivities of the reactions are very different. The difference is greatest for the elements of the Ce- and Y-subgroups. For the first subgroup the molar absorptivities are about 16 x 10(4) l.mole(-1) cm(-1), whereas most of the elements of the Y-group do not give any colour reaction. A possible procedure for the determination of lanthanum in the presence of ytterbium is discussed.