First report of Pectobacterium brasiliense causing blackleg and soft rot of potato in Argentina.

Blackleg and soft rot diseases represent a major threat to the health of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and other vegetable, ornamental and fruit crops worldwide; their main causal agents are species of Pectobacterium and Dickeya. In May 2022, 60% of potato plants (cv. Spunta) in a production field in Córdoba, Argentina (31°32'36''S 64°09'46''W) showed soft rot, blackleg and wilt. To isolate the causal agent, decayed plant tissues were disinfected in 2% NaClO, macerated in sterile water and streaked on crystal violet pectate (CVP) medium. Plates were incubated at 28°C for 48 h. Colonies that produced a pit on CVP medium were purified on nutrient agar. Two of the isolates, called 1Aia and 1B, were characterized by tests commonly employed for the identification of pectinolytic bacteria (Schaad et al. 2001). Both produced Gram-negative rods that were facultatively anaerobic, oxidase negative, nonfluorescent on King´s B, resistant to erythromycin and caused soft rot of potato slices. In addition, these isolates did not produce the blue pigment indigoidine and grew on nutrient glucose agar containing 5% NaCl. Phenotypic characteristics of the isolates 1Aia and 1B were compatible with Pectobacterium spp. Genomic DNA was extracted using the commercially available Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega) according to the manufacturer's instructions for the purification of DNA from Gram-negative bacteria. The isolates were positive in a PCR assay for Pectobacterium brasiliense (Duarte et al. 2004). The purified DNA of isolate 1Aia was used to construct a pooled Illumina library, which was sequenced at the Genomics Unit from the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA, Argentina), by using high-throughput Illumina sequencing technology. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) calculation performed by FastANI v0.1.3 (Jain et al. 2018) showed 96.11% identity between the genome of the type strain LMG 21371 of P. brasiliense (Acc. no. JQOE00000000) and our strain 1Aia (Acc. no. JAYGXQ000000000). For pathogenicity test, 3-weeks-old potato plants (cv. Spunta) planted in pots were infiltrated with 10 µl of a bacterial suspension (1x107 CFU/ml) 5 cm above the base of the stem using a sterile syringe. Negative controls were infiltrated with sterile water. Plants were kept under greenhouse conditions and regularly watered. The experiment was performed twice with six plants per treatment. Two days after inoculation, plants treated with P. brasiliense strain 1Aia or 1B showed necrotic lesions on the stems and tubers soft rot symptoms while control plants remained asymptomatic. To fulfill Koch´s postulates, bacteria were re-isolated from symptomatic plants. Re-isolated bacteria, called 1Aia d and 1B d, were confirmed as P. brasiliense according to biochemical and PCR results, as outlined above. Also, the % ANI value between P. brasiliense isolates 1Aia and 1Aia d was 99.99% (Acc. no. JAYGXR000000000). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of P. brasiliense in Argentina. This pathogen has been observed causing blackleg and tuber soft rot on potato in Brazil (Duarte et al. 2004), Netherlands (Nunes Leite et al. 2014), Switzerland (de Werra et al. 2015), Russia (Voronina et al. 2019), Serbia (Loc et al. 2022) and USA (Zhang et al. 2023), among other countries worldwide. Due to the important economic and nutritional value of the crop, the distribution of P. brasiliense needs to be investigated and monitored in order to develop effective control strategies.

Genomic and phenotypic insight into Xanthomonas vesicatoria strains with different aggressiveness on tomato.

Xanthomonas vesicatoria is one of the causal agents of bacterial spot, a disease that seriously affects the production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annum) worldwide. In Argentina, bacterial spot is found in all tomato producing areas, with X. vesicatoria being one of the main species detected in the fields. Previously, we isolated three X. vesicatoria strains BNM 208, BNM 214, and BNM 216 from tomato plants with bacterial spot, and found they differed in their ability to form biofilm and in their degree of aggressiveness. Here, the likely causes of those differences were explored through genotypic and phenotypic studies. The genomes of the three strains were sequenced and assembled, and then compared with each other and also with 12 other publicly available X. vesicatoria genomes. Phenotypic characteristics (mainly linked to biofilm formation and virulence) were studied in vitro. Our results show that the differences observed earlier between BNM 208, BNM 214, and BNM 216 may be related to the structural characteristics of the xanthan gum produced by each strain, their repertoire of type III effectors (T3Es), the presence of certain genes associated with c-di-GMP metabolism and type IV pili (T4P). These findings on the pathogenicity mechanisms of X. vesicatoria could be useful for developing bacterial spot control strategies aimed at interfering with the infection processes.

Evaluación del daño renal por cadmio en población expuesta a contaminación por éste en agricultores de Quila-Quila, Potosí / Evaluation of kidney damage by cadmium in a population exposed to its contamination in farmers from Quila-Quila, Potosí

El cadmio es un metal pesado presente en desechos mineros y otros, y tiene efectos deletéreos en la salud humana especialmente en el riñón en el que destruye células tubulares. En una investigación de la calidad del lecho de los ríos que reciben aguas residuales en el norte de Potosí, Bolivia, se reportó presencia de cadmio en papas regadas con esa agua en Quila-quila, una población rural de la zona. OBJETIVO: de este trabajo fue el de identificar posibles daños del cadmio en la salud de los pobladores de Quila-quila. MÉTODOS: para ello se realizó revisión clínica y análisis laboratorial clínico y químico de sangre y orina de los pobladores de Quila-quila, y se calculó la tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) y se correlacionó ésta con indicadores de lesión glomerular. RESULTADOS: se encontraron niveles elevados de cadmio en sangre en algunas personas, y una correlación de la TFG con la concentración de cadmio en sangre y con indicadores de lesión de membrana glomerular. CONCLUSIONES: en conclusión, los pobladores de Quila-quila estuvieron contaminados por cadmio, el cual produjo lesión renal leve.

Cadmium is a heavy metal present in mining and other wastes, and has deleterious effects on human health especially in the kidney in which it destroys tubular cells. In an investigation of the quality of the river beds that receive wastewater in the north of Potosí, Bolivia, the presence of cadmium was reported in potatoes watered with these water in Quila-quila, a rural town in the area. OBJECTIVE: of this work was to identify possible damage from cadmium to the health of the inhabitants of Quila-quila. METHODS: for this, clinical review and clinical and chemical laboratory analysis of blood and urine from the inhabitants of Quila-quila, and the filtration rate was calculated glomerular (GFR) and this was correlated with indicators of glomerular injury. RESULTS: elevated levels of cadmium were found in the blood in some people, and a correlation of GFR with blood cadmium concentration and indicators of membrane injury glomerular. CONCLUSIONS: in conclusion, the inhabitants of Quila-quila were contaminated by cadmium, which caused mild kidney damage.

Proyecto estudios ambientales aplicadas para el fomento de la evaluación y protección de la calidad de agua en jóvenes y niños / sss

Inculcar en educandos y estudiantes el pensamiento sobre los vínculos entre la protección ambiental, la salud, el desarrollo sustentable y las implicaciones en sus propias comunidades

Informe final trabajo" mejoramiento de la calidad del agua en hospitales de la red de Salud en Cochabamba / sss

La calidad de agua dentro de los hospitales es un aspecto muy importante para la adecuada atención al público que utiliza estos servicios,cuanto mayor es el nivel hospitalario, mas importancia cobra este aspecto

Efecto de la administración de furosemida en la tasa de filtración de líquido y en la presión de la arteria pulmonar en el pulmón aislado de conejo / Effects of the administration of furosemide on the fluid filtration rate and in pulmonary artery pressure in rabbit isolated lungs

Para estudiar los posibles efectos de la Furosemida a nivel pulmonar se estudiaron dos grupos de preparados de pulmón aislado de conejo. El grupo experimental fue sometido a un edema pulmonar de origen hidrostático el cual se obtuvo al aumentar la presión de aurícula izquierda (PAI) de 0.45ñ0.74 a 11.8ñ2.9 cm de H2O, esto provocó un aumento en la TFL de 0.45ñ0.51 g/min; cuando fue sostenido, se procedió a inyectar una dosis de Furosemida de 2 mg/Kg cada 10 minutos y se registraron los cambios en PAP,PAI,PVA,TFL,PaO2,PaCO2 y pH. Durante la infusión de la Furosemida no se observaron cambios significativos en dichos parámetros, el mismo efecto se repite en el grupo control en donde los preparados se mantuvieron en condiciones basales y sin edema. Estos resultados sugieren que la Furosemida no tiene efecto cardio-pulmonar de una manera directa sobre la vasculatura pulmonar, sino más bien indirectamente al favorecer la diuresis a nivel renal.

Tratamiento de un quiste dentígero bilateral mandibular en la dentición mixta / Treatment of a bilateral mandibular dentigerous cyst in mixed dentition

En el presente artículo, se describe el procedimiento clínico que se siguió para el tratamiento de dos quiste dentígeros que involucraban la corona de ambos primeros molares inferiores permanentes en un niño de seis años 8 meses de edad, impidiendo que estas piezas erupcionaran. El diagnóstico precoz de la lesión quística mediante los exámenes radiográficos y hallazgos clínicos permitió que el tratamiento oportuno fuera exitoso, lo cual restableció la oclusión y evitó que la lesión derivara en secuelas más peligrosas para el paciente

Manual de instrucción para el manejo de formularios trabajados en la Clínica Integral de la Facultad de Odontología / Manual of instruction for the management of forms worked in the Integral Clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry

Presenta una guía para la buena marcha de las diferentes secciones de la Clínica Integral. Explica la organización de la clínica integral y el manejo de los formularios: área de filtro, recepción, archivo, proveeduría, dirección de clínicas, área de cirugía y contabilidad

Introducción a la Clínica Integral / Introduction to the Integral Clinic

Señala que la Clínica Integral pretende que el paciente sea atendido en todas sus necesidades odontológicas por un solo estudiante, quien le realiza la rehabilitación siguiendo una secuencia de prioridades. Integrando conocimientos teóricos y las destrezas psicomotoras que el estudiante ha aprendido previamente en los diferentes cursos de la carrera