First report of Pectobacterium brasiliense causing blackleg and soft rot of potato in Argentina.

Blackleg and soft rot diseases represent a major threat to the health of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and other vegetable, ornamental and fruit crops worldwide; their main causal agents are species of Pectobacterium and Dickeya. In May 2022, 60% of potato plants (cv. Spunta) in a production field in Córdoba, Argentina (31°32'36''S 64°09'46''W) showed soft rot, blackleg and wilt. To isolate the causal agent, decayed plant tissues were disinfected in 2% NaClO, macerated in sterile water and streaked on crystal violet pectate (CVP) medium. Plates were incubated at 28°C for 48 h. Colonies that produced a pit on CVP medium were purified on nutrient agar. Two of the isolates, called 1Aia and 1B, were characterized by tests commonly employed for the identification of pectinolytic bacteria (Schaad et al. 2001). Both produced Gram-negative rods that were facultatively anaerobic, oxidase negative, nonfluorescent on King´s B, resistant to erythromycin and caused soft rot of potato slices. In addition, these isolates did not produce the blue pigment indigoidine and grew on nutrient glucose agar containing 5% NaCl. Phenotypic characteristics of the isolates 1Aia and 1B were compatible with Pectobacterium spp. Genomic DNA was extracted using the commercially available Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega) according to the manufacturer's instructions for the purification of DNA from Gram-negative bacteria. The isolates were positive in a PCR assay for Pectobacterium brasiliense (Duarte et al. 2004). The purified DNA of isolate 1Aia was used to construct a pooled Illumina library, which was sequenced at the Genomics Unit from the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA, Argentina), by using high-throughput Illumina sequencing technology. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) calculation performed by FastANI v0.1.3 (Jain et al. 2018) showed 96.11% identity between the genome of the type strain LMG 21371 of P. brasiliense (Acc. no. JQOE00000000) and our strain 1Aia (Acc. no. JAYGXQ000000000). For pathogenicity test, 3-weeks-old potato plants (cv. Spunta) planted in pots were infiltrated with 10 µl of a bacterial suspension (1x107 CFU/ml) 5 cm above the base of the stem using a sterile syringe. Negative controls were infiltrated with sterile water. Plants were kept under greenhouse conditions and regularly watered. The experiment was performed twice with six plants per treatment. Two days after inoculation, plants treated with P. brasiliense strain 1Aia or 1B showed necrotic lesions on the stems and tubers soft rot symptoms while control plants remained asymptomatic. To fulfill Koch´s postulates, bacteria were re-isolated from symptomatic plants. Re-isolated bacteria, called 1Aia d and 1B d, were confirmed as P. brasiliense according to biochemical and PCR results, as outlined above. Also, the % ANI value between P. brasiliense isolates 1Aia and 1Aia d was 99.99% (Acc. no. JAYGXR000000000). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of P. brasiliense in Argentina. This pathogen has been observed causing blackleg and tuber soft rot on potato in Brazil (Duarte et al. 2004), Netherlands (Nunes Leite et al. 2014), Switzerland (de Werra et al. 2015), Russia (Voronina et al. 2019), Serbia (Loc et al. 2022) and USA (Zhang et al. 2023), among other countries worldwide. Due to the important economic and nutritional value of the crop, the distribution of P. brasiliense needs to be investigated and monitored in order to develop effective control strategies.

Proyecto Trazam: aplicación móvil para la trazabilidad de preparaciones elaboradas en un servicio de farmacia / Trazam project: A mobile application for the tracking of compounded preparations in a Pharmacy Department

Introducción el objetivo principal es describir el diseño e implementación de una aplicación para dispositivos móviles para facilitar el seguimiento de las preparaciones elaboradas en el servicio de farmacia hospitalaria. Los objetivos secundarios fueron evaluar el tiempo dedicado a la resolución de incidencias relacionadas con la dispensación/distribución de las preparaciones pre y postimplantación de la aplicación, conocer el grado de satisfacción de los usuarios y disponer de información cualitativa y cuantitativa del proceso que permita establecer indicadores de seguimiento. Métodos se definieron los requisitos a cumplir por el aplicativo informático, los fármacos susceptibles de entrar en el sistema y los circuitos de entrega. Se procedió al desarrollo de la aplicación por parte del proveedor e integración con los programas informáticos de prescripción/validación. Se crearon y añadieron los códigos QR de identificación en los puntos de entrega de medicamentos en las unidades de destino. Se adquirieron los dispositivos móviles necesarios. Primera etapa de formación de usuarios en la aplicación y prueba piloto en una planta de hospitalización. Posteriormente se inició la fase de expansión y consolidación. Resultados el 86,9% de las preparaciones estériles elaboradas en el servicio de farmacia hospitalaria se han incorporado al sistema, incluyendo quimioterapia, nutriciones parenterales de adultos y otras preparaciones estériles no peligrosas. Se han incluido en la aplicación las salas de hospitalización, los hospitales de día y 2 sedes externas. La media de preparaciones trazadas mensualmente es de 5.403 (DE = 297,3) (AU)

Introduction The primary objective of this study is to describe the design and implementation of a mobile application (App) for tracking preparations compounded in the Pharmacy Department. Secondary objectives include evaluating the time spent on resolving incidents related to the distribution of preparations before and after implementation, assessing users satisfaction with the application, and establishing a panel of quality indicators based on the data extracted from the App. Methods Defining application requirements, identifying drugs to be included in the software and outlining different workflows. Developing the App in collaboration with the supplier and integrating it with the computer programs involved in prescription and validation. Additionally, QR codes were created to identify delivery points at destination units, and suitable mobile devices were acquired. The initial phase involved user training in the application and a pilot test conducted in a hospital ward. The subsequent phase focused on expansion and consolidation. Results The system includes 86.9% of all sterile preparations prepared in the Hospital Pharmacy, encompassing chemotherapy, adult parenteral nutrition, and other non-hazardous sterile preparations. Furthermore, the application has been implemented in all hospitalization wards, day care units and two external sites. On average, 5,403 preparations were tracked per month (SD = 297.3). The time required to address incidents related to the distribution of preparations has decreased by 83% (from 38.9 to 6.6 minutes per day). The App regularly provides valuable management data for optimizing workflow in the compounding area. Additionally, users have expressed satisfaction with the application (AU)

Trazam project: A mobile application for the tracking of compounded preparations in a Pharmacy Department. / Proyecto Trazam: aplicación móvil para la trazabilidad de preparaciones elaboradas en un servicio de farmacia.

INTRODUCTION: The primary objective of this study is to describe the design and implementation of a mobile application (App) for tracking preparations compounded in the Pharmacy Department. Secondary objectives include evaluating the time spent on resolving incidents related to the distribution of preparations before and after implementation, assessing users satisfaction with the application, and establishing a panel of quality indicators based on the data extracted from the App. METHODS: Defining application requirements, identifying drugs to be included in the software and outlining different workflows. Developing the App in collaboration with the supplier and integrating it with the computer programs involved in prescription and validation. Additionally, QR codes were created to identify delivery points at destination units, and suitable mobile devices were acquired. The initial phase involved user training in the application and a pilot test conducted in a hospital ward. The subsequent phase focused on expansion and consolidation. RESULTS: The system includes 86.9% of all sterile preparations prepared in the Hospital Pharmacy, encompassing chemotherapy, adult parenteral nutrition, and other non-hazardous sterile preparations. Furthermore, the application has been implemented in all hospitalization wards, day care units and two external sites. On average, 5,403 preparations were tracked per month (SD = 297.3). The time required to address incidents related to the distribution of preparations has decreased by 83% (from 38.9 to 6.6 minutes per day). The App regularly provides valuable management data for optimizing workflow in the compounding area. Additionally, users have expressed satisfaction with the application. DISCUSION: The proposed application enables hospital staff to easily and intuitively track preparations compounded in the pharmacy, irrespective of the computer program used for prescription. It has significantly reduced the need for manual record-keeping and has mitigated incidents associated with the distribution of sterile preparations.

[Translated article] Trazam project: A mobile application for tracking preparations compounded in a pharmacy department.

INTRODUCTION: The primary objective of this study is to describe the design and implementation of a mobile application (App) for tracking preparations compounded in the Pharmacy Department. Secondary objectives include: i) evaluating the time spent on resolving incidents related to the distribution of preparations before and after implementation, ii) assessing users satisfaction with the application, and iii) establishing a panel of quality indicators based on the data extracted from the App. METHODS: 1) Defining application requirements, identifying drugs to be included in the software and outlining different workflows. 2) Developing the App in collaboration with the supplier and integrating it with the computer programs involved in prescription and validation. Additionally, QR codes were created to identify delivery points at destination units, and suitable mobile devices were acquired. The initial phase involved user training in the application and a pilot test conducted in a hospital ward. 3) The subsequent phase focused on expansion and consolidation. RESULTS: The system includes 86.9% of all sterile preparations prepared in the Hospital Pharmacy, encompassing chemotherapy, adult parenteral nutrition, and other non-hazardous sterile preparations. Furthermore, the application has been implemented in all hospitalisation wards, day care units and two external sites. On average, 5403 preparations were tracked per month (SD = 297.3). The time required to address incidents related to the distribution of preparations has decreased by 83% (from 38.9 to 6.6 min per day). The App regularly provides valuable management data for optimising workflow in the compounding area. Additionally, users have expressed satisfaction with the application. DISCUSION: The proposed application enables hospital staff to easily and intuitively track preparations compounded in the Pharmacy, irrespective of the computer program used for prescription. It has significantly reduced the need for manual record-keeping and has mitigated incidents associated with the distribution of sterile preparations.

EURADOS intercomparisons on whole-body dosemeters for photons from 2008 to 2020: analysis and comparison of general results.

Starting in 2008 the European Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) has been performing international intercomparisons (ICs) on photon whole-body dosemeters for individual monitoring services. These ICs have been organized (on a biennial basis) starting 2008 up to 2020 now, each time with a similar set-up but with small alterations in the subsequent irradiation plans. The response for Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) was tested for different radiation qualities, angles of incidences (0°-60°) within a wide range of dose values (0.5-500 mSv), to check energy and angular response, linearity, reproducibility and mixed-field response. Within the last 12 years almost 15 000 whole body dosemeters have been irradiated and the corresponding response values evaluated. With an increasing number of participants and participating systems (from 62 to 132), this IC program has become an important tool for individual monitoring services to test their whole-body dosimetry systems, compare their results with other services or systems and to improve the quality of their dosimetry. The paper presents and compares the general results of these seven ICs and analyses the dosimetric results for the participating system types.

EURADOS whole-body dosemeters intercomparisons: lessons learnt from individual results.

Every 2 years since 2008, Eurados WG2 has organised a whole-body dosemeters intercomparison (IC) in photon and beta fields. This paper presents the information that individual participants can extract from their results. The irradiation plan of each IC was designed to allow participants check the performance of some important characteristics of their dosimetry systems, in particular: linearity, angular response, energy response and response to mixed fields. The analysis of anomalous responses indicates that many systems can reduce the number of outliers by improving their calibration procedures.

Genomic and phenotypic insight into Xanthomonas vesicatoria strains with different aggressiveness on tomato.

Xanthomonas vesicatoria is one of the causal agents of bacterial spot, a disease that seriously affects the production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annum) worldwide. In Argentina, bacterial spot is found in all tomato producing areas, with X. vesicatoria being one of the main species detected in the fields. Previously, we isolated three X. vesicatoria strains BNM 208, BNM 214, and BNM 216 from tomato plants with bacterial spot, and found they differed in their ability to form biofilm and in their degree of aggressiveness. Here, the likely causes of those differences were explored through genotypic and phenotypic studies. The genomes of the three strains were sequenced and assembled, and then compared with each other and also with 12 other publicly available X. vesicatoria genomes. Phenotypic characteristics (mainly linked to biofilm formation and virulence) were studied in vitro. Our results show that the differences observed earlier between BNM 208, BNM 214, and BNM 216 may be related to the structural characteristics of the xanthan gum produced by each strain, their repertoire of type III effectors (T3Es), the presence of certain genes associated with c-di-GMP metabolism and type IV pili (T4P). These findings on the pathogenicity mechanisms of X. vesicatoria could be useful for developing bacterial spot control strategies aimed at interfering with the infection processes.

Biologically Relevant Micellar Nanocarrier Systems for Drug Encapsulation and Functionalization of Metallic Nanoparticles.

The preparation of new and functional nanostructures has received more attention in the scientific community in the past decade due to their wide application versatility. Among these nanostructures, micelles appear to be one of the most interesting supramolecular organizations for biomedical applications because of their ease of synthesis and reproducibility and their biocompatibility since they present an organization similar to the cell membrane. In this work, we developed micellar nanocarrier systems from surfactant molecules derived from oleic acid and tetraethylene glycol that were able to encapsulate and in vitro release the drug dexamethasone. In addition, the designed micelle precursors were able to functionalize metallic NPs, such as gold NPs and iron oxide NPs, resulting in monodispersed hybrid nanomaterials with high stability in aqueous media. Therefore, a new triazole-derived micelle precursor was developed as a versatile encapsulation system, opening the way for the preparation of new micellar nanocarrier platforms for drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, or computed tomography contrast agents for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Epichlorohydrin-ß-Cyclodextrin/Curcumin Binary Systems Embedded in a Pluronic®/Hyaluronate Hydrogel.

Curcumin (Cur) is an anti-inflammatory polyphenol that can be complexed with polymeric cyclodextrin (CD) to improve solubility and bioavailability. The aim of the present work was to prepare a CurCD hydrogel to treat inflammatory skin conditions. Epichlorohydrin-ß-CD (EpißCD) was used as polymeric CD. To characterize the binary system, solid-state and in-solution studies were performed. Afterwards, an experimental design was performed to optimize the hydrogel system. Finally, the CurEpißCD hydrogel system was tested for anti-inflammatory activity using a HaCat psoriasis cell model. Co-grinded Cur/EpißCD binary system showed a strong interaction and Curcumin solubility was much improved. Its combination with Pluronic® F-127/hyaluronate hydrogel demonstrated an improvement in release rate and Curcumin permeation. After testing its anti-inflammatory activity, the system showed a significant reduction in IL-6 levels. Hydrogel-containing CurEpißCD complex is a great alternative to treat topical inflammatory diseases.

Preparation and In Vivo Evaluation of Rosmarinic Acid-Loaded Transethosomes After Percutaneous Application on a Psoriasis Animal Model.

The topical use of rosmarinic acid (RA) in skin inflammatory pathologies is restricted due to its poor water solubility, poor permeability, and chemical instability. In this study, RA-loaded transethosomes-in-Carbopol® formulations have been developed to evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity on imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice. In vitro release profiles demonstrated sustained behavior due to the retentive action of gel and the entrapment of RA into the vesicles. However, the low viscosity of the combined formulation increased the drug release rate. Animal evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated that transethosomes-in-gel containing dexamethasone (Dex-TE-Gel), as positive control, showed effect in all the pro-inflammatory parameters evaluated, evidencing that these drug-loaded nanocarriers have been effectively reached the site of action. In addition, transethosomes-in-gel containing RA (RA-TE-Gel) formulations produced a great reduction in the punch edema (P < 0.001) and in TNF-α and IL-6 (P < 0.05). However, non-significant differences were obtained for IL-1ß, IL17, and MPO. Despite the protecting effect of Carbopol® and transethosomes on oxidation index and antioxidant activity of RA over the 7 days of treatment, however, a degradation process of this antioxidant to caffeic acid may be the cause of these in vivo results. We have also checked that the pH existing into the intercellular space of damaged cells (pH 6.8) may be affecting. Therefore, our results suggest that RA-TE-Gel could act as an effective RA formulation for skin delivery; further studies will help to understand the loss of activity at the cellular level.

Evaluación del daño renal por cadmio en población expuesta a contaminación por éste en agricultores de Quila-Quila, Potosí / Evaluation of kidney damage by cadmium in a population exposed to its contamination in farmers from Quila-Quila, Potosí

El cadmio es un metal pesado presente en desechos mineros y otros, y tiene efectos deletéreos en la salud humana especialmente en el riñón en el que destruye células tubulares. En una investigación de la calidad del lecho de los ríos que reciben aguas residuales en el norte de Potosí, Bolivia, se reportó presencia de cadmio en papas regadas con esa agua en Quila-quila, una población rural de la zona. OBJETIVO: de este trabajo fue el de identificar posibles daños del cadmio en la salud de los pobladores de Quila-quila. MÉTODOS: para ello se realizó revisión clínica y análisis laboratorial clínico y químico de sangre y orina de los pobladores de Quila-quila, y se calculó la tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) y se correlacionó ésta con indicadores de lesión glomerular. RESULTADOS: se encontraron niveles elevados de cadmio en sangre en algunas personas, y una correlación de la TFG con la concentración de cadmio en sangre y con indicadores de lesión de membrana glomerular. CONCLUSIONES: en conclusión, los pobladores de Quila-quila estuvieron contaminados por cadmio, el cual produjo lesión renal leve.

Cadmium is a heavy metal present in mining and other wastes, and has deleterious effects on human health especially in the kidney in which it destroys tubular cells. In an investigation of the quality of the river beds that receive wastewater in the north of Potosí, Bolivia, the presence of cadmium was reported in potatoes watered with these water in Quila-quila, a rural town in the area. OBJECTIVE: of this work was to identify possible damage from cadmium to the health of the inhabitants of Quila-quila. METHODS: for this, clinical review and clinical and chemical laboratory analysis of blood and urine from the inhabitants of Quila-quila, and the filtration rate was calculated glomerular (GFR) and this was correlated with indicators of glomerular injury. RESULTS: elevated levels of cadmium were found in the blood in some people, and a correlation of GFR with blood cadmium concentration and indicators of membrane injury glomerular. CONCLUSIONS: in conclusion, the inhabitants of Quila-quila were contaminated by cadmium, which caused mild kidney damage.

Phenolics composition, antioxidant properties and toxicological assessment of Prosopis alba exudate gum.

The objective of this work was to deepen on the study of functional properties of the phytochemicals present in Prosopis alba exudate gum (G), as well as to rule out possible adverse effects of some of its components. Commonly employed purification methods were compared. Filtration prevents further loss of potentially bioactive compounds. The filtrated gum showed a higher concentration of phenolics, flavonoids and tannins than arabic gum, which was correlated with better in vitro antioxidant properties. Particularly, tannins, commonly considered as toxic compounds in exudate gums, were found in lower concentration than in others gums obtained from genus Prosopis and Acacia. The toxicological evaluation performed on rats did not show symptoms of intoxication associated with the administration of the gum. These results provide useful evidence to support the potential use of G as a safe functional food additive with the added benefit of taking advantage of a non-exploited natural resource.

Novel Findings about Double-Loaded Curcumin-in-HPßcyclodextrin-in Liposomes: Effects on the Lipid Bilayer and Drug Release.

In this study, the encapsulation of curcumin (Cur) in "drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposomes (DCL)" by following the double-loading technique (DL) was proposed, giving rise to DCL⁻DL. The aim was to analyze the effect of cyclodextrin (CD) on the physicochemical, stability, and drug-release properties of liposomes. After selecting didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) as the cationic lipid, DCL⁻DL was formulated by adding 2-hydroxypropyl-α/ß/γ-CD (HPßCD)⁻Cur complexes into the aqueous phase. A competitive effect of cholesterol (Cho) for the CD cavity was found, so cholesteryl hemisuccinate (Chems) was used. The optimal composition of the DCL⁻DL bilayer was obtained by applying Taguchi methodology and regression analysis. Vesicles showed a lower drug encapsulation efficiency compared to conventional liposomes (CL) and CL containing HPßCD in the aqueous phase. However, the presence of HPßCD significantly increased vesicle deformability and Cur antioxidant activity over time. In addition, drug release profiles showed a sustained release after an initial burst effect, fitting to the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. Moreover, a direct correlation between the area under the curve (AUC) of dissolution profiles and flexibility of liposomes was obtained. It can be concluded that these "drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-deformable" liposomes in the presence of HPßCD may be a promising carrier for increasing the entrapment efficiency and stability of Cur without compromising the integrity of the liposome bilayer.

Prosopis alba exudate gum as excipient for improving fish oil stability in alginate-chitosan beads.

The aim of the present work was to employ an exudate gum obtained from a South American wild tree (Prosopis alba), as wall material component to enhance the oxidative stability of fish oil encapsulated in alginate-chitosan beads. For this purpose, beads were vacuum-dried and stored under controlled conditions. Oxidation products, fatty acid profiles and lipid health indices were measured during storage. Alginate-chitosan interactions and the effect of gum were manifested in the FT-IR spectra. The inclusion of the gum in the gelation media allowed decreasing the oxidative damage during storage in comparison to the free oil and alginate-chitosan beads. The gum also improved wall material properties, providing higher oil retention during the drying step and subsequent storage. Fatty acids quality and lipid health indices were widely preserved in beads containing the gum. Present results showed a positive influence of the gum on oil encapsulation and stability, being the main mechanism attributed to a physical barrier effect.

Polyphosphoinositide metabolism and Golgi complex morphology in hippocampal neurons in primary culture is altered by chronic ethanol exposure.

AIMS: Ethanol affects not only the cytoskeletal organization and activity, but also intracellular trafficking in neurons in the primary culture. Polyphosphoinositide (PPIn) are essential regulators of many important cell functions, including those mentioned, cytoskeleton integrity and intracellular vesicle trafficking. Since information about the effect of chronic ethanol exposure on PPIn metabolism in neurons is scarce, this study analysed the effect of this treatment on three of these phospholipids. METHODS: Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) levels as well as the activity and/or levels of enzymes involved in their metabolism were analysed in neurons chronically exposed to ethanol. The levels of phospholipases C and D, and phosphatidylethanol formation were also assessed. The consequence of the possible alterations in the levels of PtdIns on the Golgi complex (GC) was also analysed. RESULTS: We show that phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate levels, both involved in the control of intracellular trafficking and cytoskeleton organization, decrease in ethanol-exposed hippocampal neurons. In contrast, several kinases that participate in the metabolism of these phospholipids, and the level and/or activity of phospholipases C and D, increase in cells after ethanol exposure. Ethanol also promotes phosphatidylethanol formation in neurons, which can result in the suppression of phosphatidic acid synthesis and, therefore, in PPIn biosynthesis. This treatment also lowers the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate levels, the main PPIn in the GC, with alterations in their morphology and in the levels of some of the proteins involved in structure maintenance. CONCLUSIONS: The deregulation of the metabolism of PtdIns may underlie the ethanol-induced alterations on different neuronal processes, including intracellular trafficking and cytoskeletal integrity.

Ethanol reduces zincosome formation in cultured astrocytes.

AIMS: Zinc is an ion that participates in basic cellular and tissular functions. Zinc deficiency is present in many physiological and health problems affecting most body organs, including the brain. Among the circumstances involved in zinc deficiency, ethanol consumption is probably one of the most frequent. A dietary zinc supplement has been proposed as possibly being an efficient method to palliate zinc deficiency. Astrocytes form part of the hematoencephalic barrier, and they are apparently implicated in the homeostasis of the neuronal medium. In this work, we analyze the effect of ethanol on extracellular zinc management by rat astrocytes in culture. METHODS: Intracellular levels of 'free zinc ions', in controls and 30 mM ethanol-treated astrocytes, were visualized by using the zinc fluorochrome TSQ. Cytoplasmic fluorescence and zincosome formation were measured after adding extracellular 50 µM ZnSO(4) to cell monolayers. Zincosomes were also observed at the electron microscopy level. RESULTS: Exposure to ethanol for 7 days lowered the basal zinc levels of astrocytes by ∼30%. This difference was consistently maintained after the zinc pulse. Zinc ions were confined to bright fluorescent particles, the 'zincosomes', which appeared to be formed by the endocytic pathway. Zincosomes were less abundant in alcohol-treated cells, indicating a deficit in endocytoses as the origin of low zinc intake in astrocytes after ethanol treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Ethanol reduces both intracellular ionic zinc levels and extracellular zinc uptake, resulting in poorer zincosome formation. Given the endocytic nature of zincosomes, the effect of ethanol on membrane trafficking is apparently the origin of this deficit.

Proyecto estudios ambientales aplicadas para el fomento de la evaluación y protección de la calidad de agua en jóvenes y niños / sss

Inculcar en educandos y estudiantes el pensamiento sobre los vínculos entre la protección ambiental, la salud, el desarrollo sustentable y las implicaciones en sus propias comunidades

[Postoperative hypothermia: role of the nurses' aide in ensuring the patient's well-being and comfort]. / Hipotermia posquirúrgica: el auxiliar de enfermería asegurando el bienestar y el confort del paciente.

Non-induced hypothermia is caused by anesthetic techniques, surgical procedures, and the environmental temperature in operating rooms, which affect the body's physiologic thermoregulation mechanisms. Postoperative hypothermia occurs in 93% of surgical patients and is accompanied by shivering in 65% of cases. Non-induced hypothermia affects the patient's postoperative recovery, as it alters metabolic response and reduces the patient's comfort during this period. Within the protocol for controlling postoperative hypothermia, the main objective of the nurses' aide consists of detecting and recording postoperative hypothermia, as well as of correcting the deficit by means of active warming of the body's external surface. These activities not only aid the patient's recovery and reduce complications, but also lower healthcare costs and increase postoperative comfort.

Hipotermia posquirúrgica: el auxiliar de enfermería asegurando el bienestar y el confort del paciente / Postoperative hypothermia: role of the nursesfaide in ensuring the patient & apos; s well-being and comfort

La hipotermia no inducida está producida por las técnicas anestésicas, los procedimientos quirúrgicos y la temperatura ambiente de los quirófanos que alteran los mecanismos de la termorregulación fisiológica del organismo. La hipotermia posquirúrgica se presenta en un 93% de los pacientes quirúrgicos y en un 65% aparece acompañada de escalofríos. La hipotermia no inducida repercute en la recuperación del paciente posquirúrgico, ya que altera su respuesta metabólica y disminuye su grado de confort durante este período. El objetivo principal del auxiliar de enfermería, dentro del protocolo de actuación de control de la hipotermia posquirúrgica, consiste en detectar y registrar las situaciones de hipotermia postoperatoria, así como corregir el déficit mediante el calentamiento activo externo de la superficie corporal. Estas actividades no sólo repercuten en la recuperación del paciente y en la disminución de complicaciones, sino también en la disminución del gasto sanitario y el aumento del confort postoperatorio(AU)

Non-induced hypothermia is caused by anesthetic techniques, surgical procedures, and the environmental temperature in operating rooms, which affect the body's physiologic thermoregulation mechanisms. Postoperative hypothermia occurs in 93% of surgical patients and is accompanied by shivering in 65% of cases. Non-induced hypothermia affects the patient's postoperative recovery, as it alters metabolic response and reduces the patient's comfort during this period. Within the protocol for controlling postoperative hypothermia, the main objective of the nursesŒ aide consists of detecting and recording postoperative hypothermia, as well as of correcting the deficit by means of active warming of the body's external surface. These activities not only aid the patient's recovery and reduce complications, but also lower healthcare costs and increase postoperative comfort(AU)