Impacto del consumo de frutas y verduras en el riesgo de desarrollo de la preeclampsia: una revisión sistemática

Introducción: La preeclampsia es una afectación multisistémica que contribuye a la morbilidad y mortalidad materna junto con importantes complicaciones fetales. Dado que se ha observado que el consumo de frutas y vegetales posee un efecto beneficioso en la reducción del riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, el consumo de estos alimentos también podría reducir el riesgo de desarrollo de preeclampsia en la mujer embarazada. Objetivo: Analizar el impacto del consumo de frutas y vegetales en el riesgo de desarrollo de preeclampsia en la mujer embarazada. Metodología: Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática siguiendo la metodología PRISMA. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron Scopus, Pubmed y Web of Science. Se han incluido artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años, escritos en inglés o español y de acceso gratuito. La calidad metodológica se evaluó mediante la escala de STROBE y MINCIR. Resultados: Se han seleccionado nueve artículos para dar respuesta al objetivo planteado. El porcentaje de gestantes con un patrón dietético basado en frutas y vegetales que desarrolla preeclampsia es relativamente bajo, oscilando entre el 7 y el 8,8%. Así mismo, la mayoría de los estudios seleccionados muestran que la ingesta de frutas y vegetales tiene un efecto protector en el desarrollo de preeclampsia y, que este efecto protector es directamente proporcional al número de raciones consumidas de estos alimentos. Conclusiones: La literatura disponible para analizar el impacto que tiene el consumo de frutas y vegetales en el riesgo de desarrollo de preeclampsia es muy limitada. Por ello, se insta a realizar más investigaciones sobre este tema para poder aportar unos resultados más robustos.

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a multisystem affectation that contributes to maternal morbidity and mortality along with important fetal complications. Since it has been observed that the consumption of fruits and vegetables has a beneficial effect in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, the consumption of these foods could also reduce the risk and development of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Objective: To analyze the impact of fruit and vegetable consumption on the risk of development of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Methodology: A systematic review has been carried out following the PRISMA methodology. The databases used were Scopus, Pubmed and Web of Science. Articles published in the last five years, written in English or Spanish and with free access have been included. Methodological quality was assessed using the STROBE and MINCIR scales. Results: There have been selected nine articles to provide a response to the proposed objective. The percentage of pregnant women with a dietary pattern based on fruits and vegetables who develop preeclampsia is relatively low, ranging between 7 and 8.8%. Likewise, most of the selected studies show that the intake of fruits and vegetables has a protective effect on the development of preeclampsia and that this protective effect is directly proportional to the number of servings consumed of these foods. Conclusions: The literature available to analyze the impact that fruit and vegetable consumption has on the risk and development of preeclampsia is very limited. Therefore, more research on this topic is urged to provide more robust results.

Regorafenib and trifluridine/tipiracil in real clinical practice.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the ninth leading cause of death in Spain. The latest therapeutic developments in the advanced stages of this disease are the oral drugs trifluridine/tipiracil and regorafenib. Objective: Results of clinical trials (CTs) are not in real conditions and therefore, we want to study the effectiveness and the safety profile in the usual clinical practice and compare it with the bibliography. Materials and Methods: A retrospective and unicentric study was carried out in a health area of 500,000 inhabitants. Patients who started treatment with regorafenib and/or trifluridine/tipiracil were included from the date of marketing until June 2019. Patient-related variables, pathology, effectiveness, and treatment toxicity were collected. The statistical analysis was carried out with the PSPP program. Results: Fifty-four patients were analyzed. Men accounted for 59.3% of patients. Regorafenib was the treatment for 22.2% of patients and 77.8% received trifluridine/tipiracil. The reason for the drug's suspension was the disease progression in 85.2% of patients. No patient had a full response and 3.2% achieved partial response. The median progression-free survival time in treatments with regorafenib was 2.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0-5.4) and the overall survival time was 3.1 months (95% CI: 0.0-6.7), while in treatments with trifluridine/tipiracil, these data were, respectively, 2.8 (95% CI: 2.5-3.2) and 5.7 months (95% CI: 3.8-7.6). Side effects occurred in 91.7% of patients treated with regorafenib and in 100% of treated with trifluridine/tipiracil. Hematological adverse reactions were, on average, 0.4 ± 0.5/patient with regorafenib and 1.5 ± 0.9 with trifluridine/tipiracil. General (77.8%) and gastrointestinal disorders (50%) were common with both drugs. Conclusions: The effectiveness results of standard clinical practice are lower than those described in CTs and in the literature. The toxicity profile does reproduce what is described in the bibliography.

Descripción y cuantificación de las intervenciones farmacoterapéuticas al ingreso de los pacientes en un centro sociosanitario / Description and Quantification of Pharmacotherapeutic Interventions at the Admission of Patients in a Nursing Home

Introducción: La atención sociosanitaria es una evaluación multidimensional e interdisciplinar para mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente institucio-nalizado. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir y cuantificar las intervenciones realizadas por un farmacéutico al ingreso de pacientes en un centro sociosanitario (CSS). Método: Estudio unicéntrico y prospectivo de 20 meses de duración realizado en un CSS de 251 camas. Se incluyeron 3 modalidades de atención sociosanitaria (ancianos pernocta, centro terapéu-tico-ocupacional pernocta y gravemente afecta-dos). Los datos se obtuvieron de la historia clínica electrónica y se registraron variables relacionadas con el paciente (fecha nacimiento, sexo, insuficien-cia renal, índice de Charlson, registro de alergias) y con el tratamiento (número de fármacos prescritos al ingreso en el CSS e interacciones, número de fármacos monitorizables farmacocinéticamente, recomendaciones de farmacovigilancia y seguri-dad, problemas relacionados con los medicamen-tos (PRM) detectados y las adaptaciones a guía farmacoterapéutica). Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizó el programa SPSS. Resultados: Se incluyeron 172 ingresos, con una edad media de 78,4 años (DS: 17,7 años) y el 65,1% fueron mujeres. La media de fármacos prescritos por paciente fue de 9,5 (DS: 4,4). En el 51,7% de los pacientes se detectó al menos un PRM, con una media de 3,2 PRM/paciente. En el 64,5% de los in-gresos se realizaron adaptaciones a la guía farma-coterapéutica, con una media de 1,3 adaptaciones/paciente. Conclusiones: El farmacéutico realiza numerosas intervenciones en un CSS, como las adaptaciones a guía y la detección de PRM, resaltando la importan-cia de su presencia y su conciliación entre niveles asistenciales (AU)

Introduction: Social health care is a multidimen-sional and interdisciplinary evaluation to improve the quality of life of the institutionalized patient. The objective of this study was to describe and quantify the interventions carried out by a specialist pharmacist at the time of patients' admission in a nursing home (NH). Method: This is a single-centre and prospective study with a duration of 20 months made in a NH with 251 beds. 3 kinds of social-healthcare were included [old people that stay the night, therapeu-tic-occupational centre (stay the night) and severely affected]. Data were obtained from the electronic clinical records. Furthermore, variables related to the patient (birth date, gender, kidney failure, Char-lson index, allergies record) and to the treatment [number of drugs prescribed on admission in a NH and interactions, number of drugs that could be monitored thanks to the pharmacokinetics, security and pharmacovigilance recommendations, drug related problems (DRPs) detected and adaptations to pharmacotherapy guide] were recorded. The pro-gram SPSS was used for the statistical analysis.Results: 172 admissions were included, with an average age of 78.4 years (SD: 17.7 years). 65.1% of admissions were women. The average of drugs prescribed per patient was 9.5 (SD: 4.4). 51.7% of patients were detected with at least one DRP, with an average of 3.2 DRPs/patient. In 64.5% of admissions, adaptations to the pharmacotherapeu-tic guide were carried out, with an average of 1.3 adaptations/patient. Conclusions: In a NH, the pharmacist performs many interventions, such as adaptations to the guide, detection of DRPs and conciliation between levels of care (AU)

Effectiveness, Safety, and Adherence to Treatment of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors in Real Practice.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness, adverse reactions, and adherence to treatment of hypolipidemic inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9is) in a context of real clinical practice. METHODS: We present an observational, retrospective, descriptive, multicenter study of patients with hypercholesterolemia who began treatment with PCSK9is between January 2017 and December 2019, with a minimum treatment period of 3 months. The main variable we recorded was the frequency of cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, and hospitalization for unstable angina) in patients treated with PCSK9is. We recorded patient demographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors at onset of treatment as well as LDL-C levels and their reductions at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. We calculated adherence to treatment and recorded the adverse reactions during treatment. FINDINGS: A total of 154 patients were studied, 64 (41.6%) of whom were treated with alirocumab and 90 (58.4%) with evolocumab. The initial dose of alirocumab was 75 mg every 14 days in 48 patients (75%) and 150 mg eery 14 days in 16 (25%). All patients who in the evolocumab group received a dose of 140 mg every 14 days. The mean (SD) basal LDL-C level was 159.6 (50.1) mg/dL, the level at 3 months was 87.9 (49.9) mg/dL (mean [SD] decrease, 44.5% [28.2%]), the level at 6 months was 86.7 (49.2) mg/dL (mean [SD] decrease, 46.3% [25.6%]), and the level at 12 months was 80.5 (41.4) (mean [SD] decrease, 48.9% [23.0%]). These values were maintained at 24 months (mean [SD], 80.3 [41.8] mg/dL; mean [SD] decrease, 47.9% [27.8%]). The percentage decrease of LDL-C for both drugs was approximately 50%, which was maintained until 24 months after treatment. Six patients (3.9%) presented with some cardiovascular event: acute myocardial infarction (2 [1.3%]), stroke (1 [0.65%]), coronary revascularization (1 [0.65%]), and hospitalization for unstable angina (2 [1.3%]). We did not see any adverse reactions related to PCSK9i treatment in 76.5% of patients. In the first 6 months, adherence to treatment with PCSK9is, measured as the possession ratio, was a mean (SD) of 99.4% (3.9%). In the rest of the study period (6-24 months), the mean (SD) adherence to treatment was 99.2% (4.7%). IMPLICATIONS: The frequency of cardiovascular events in patients treated with PCSK9is was low and occurred despite adequate adherence to treatment (100% possession ratio) with PCSK9is and concomitant treatment with other hypolipidemics. The effectiveness of PCSK9is is similar to that referred to in other published studies with PCSK9is, and this was maintained in the long term (24 months) with few adverse events, all of which were mild.

Standardization Consensus of a Hospital Drug Database: An Efficient Tool.

BACKGROUND: Although the electronic prescribing software is the same for all hospitals of a regional health service, each has its own drug database, which it is responsible for maintaining. The aim of this study was to develop a consensus to standardize the hospital drug database of the electronic prescribing software, and to apply this tool to the electronic prescribing system of an oncology outpatient clinic of a Spanish tertiary-level hospital. Additionally, we sought to analyze the impact of the implemented actions on the health care services provided. METHODS: This was a prospective study carried out over a period of 15 months by a group of pharmacists representing all Organizational Integrated Management Systems of a regional health service, and coordinated by the General Subdirectorate of Pharmaceuticals. RESULTS: A total of 500 drugs and 500 active pharmaceutical ingredients included in the hospital drug database were standardized to implement the electronic prescribing system in the oncology outpatient clinic. The implementation of such standardization process yielded a 70% decrease in medication errors. In the satisfaction survey concerning the usefulness of the tall-man letters implemented in the electronic prescribing system, the interviewed doctors reported the highest levels of satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The creation of consensus documents to standardize the hospital drug database served to unify the information available in the regional hospital pharmacy services of an autonomous community. In addition, the implementation of the electronic prescribing system in the oncology outpatient clinic of a tertiary-level hospital resulted in a decrease in the number of medication errors.

Experiencia con colistina nebulizada en pacientes con bronquiectasias no fibrosis quística colonizadas por Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Experience with nebulised colistin in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis colonised with Pseudomonas aeruginosa

INTRODUCCIÓN: La colonización/infección crónica por Pseudomonas aeruginosa de las bronquiectasias se relaciona con daño anatómico, deterioro más rápido de la función pulmonar, aumento del número de exacerbaciones y mayor morbi-mortalidad. La colistina nebulizada disminuye la carga bacteriana, esperándose una reducción en número y gravedad de las exacerbaciones y retraso del deterioro pulmonar. El objetivo principal fue valorar si el tratamiento con colistina nebulizada, durante al menos 6 meses, reduce el número de ingresos y visitas a urgencias. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y no intervencionista llevado a cabo en una estructura organizativa de gestión integrada. Se seleccionaron pacientes con bronquiectasias no fibrosis quística, mayores de 18 años, colonizados / infectados por P. aeruginosa que recibieron al menos 6 meses colistina nebulizada. De la historia clínica informatizada (IANUS(R) V.04.20.0503) y de la receta electrónica del SERGAS, se recogieron datos clínicos, microbiológicos y de tratamiento de los pacientes, que fueron divididos en dos periodos de tiempo: 1) 6 meses pretratamiento y durante el tratamiento y 2) 12 meses pretratamiento y durante el tratamiento, en aquellos pacientes que completaron 1 año de tratamiento. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 44 pacientes y de ellos, 29 (65,9%) tuvieron un seguimiento de 12 meses. El uso de colistina nebulizada disminuyó de forma significativa el número de visitas a urgencias (a los 6 meses), la frecuencia y duración de las hospitalizaciones (a los 6 y 12 meses), el consumo de antibióticos (a los 6 y 12 meses) y los cultivos positivos para P. aeruginosa. El tratamiento fue bien tolerado en casi todos los pacientes. CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento con colistina nebulizada durante 6 y 12 meses de bronquiectasias no fibrosis quística, colonizadas / infectadas por P. aeruginosa, parece beneficioso para el paciente desde el punto de vista clínico y de calidad de vida y podría reducir el coste económico del proceso

INTRODUCTION: Chronic colonisation/infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa of the bronchiectasis is related to a faster deterioration of lung function, an increase in the number of exacerbations and a higher morbidity and mortality. Nebulised colistin decreases bacteria load. Therefore, a reduction in the number and in the severity of exacerbations and a delay of pulmonary decline is expected. The main objective is to evaluate if the treatment with nebulised colistin, for at least 6 months reduces the number of admissions and visits to the emergency department. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, retrospective and non-interventionist study carried out in an organizational structure with an integrated management. Patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis colonised / infected by P. aeruginosa, older than 18 years, were selected. Patients must have received nebulized colistin during at least 6 months. Clinical, microbiological and therapeutic data from the patients were collected from the SERGAS computerized clinical history (IANUS(R) V.4.20.0503) and the electronic prescription, which were divided into two time periods: 1) 6 months pre-treatment and during the treatment and 2) 12 months pre-treatment and during the treatment, in those who completed 1 year of treatment. RESULTS: Forty-four patients were included and of these, 29 (65.9%) had a follow-up of 12 months. The use of nebulized colistin decreased significantly the number of visits to the emergency (at 6 months), the frequency and duration of hospitalizations admissions (at 6 and 12 months), the antibiotic consumption (at 6 and 12 months) and the positive cultures. The treatment was well tolerated in almost all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment with nebulised colistin during 6 and 12 months of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, colonised/infected by P. aeruginosa, seems beneficial for the patient, from the clinical and quality of life point of view, and could reduce the economic cost of the process

Evaluation of the use of nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in clinical practice.

CONTEXT: Pancreatic cancer in a common tumor in our country for which there are various treatment alternatives. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in everyday clinical practice. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Observational, retrospective study at a tertiary university hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We included patients diagnosed of metastatic or locally advanced pancreatic cancer that were being treated with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine. We recorded response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) rates together with toxicities. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: We used SPSS program for Windows. We conducted descriptive statistics using averages, medians, standard deviations or ranges, and percentages. RESULTS: We included 15 patients. At 3 months, there were no complete responses; 20% showed partial responses, and in 60% of patients, the disease stabilized. The median PFS was 8.9 months and the OS was 9.6. The most important adverse reactions were neutropenia, fatigue, and nausea/vomiting. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment regimen leads to increased survival in these patients with an acceptable toxicity profile.

Pharmacotherapeutic Reports as Tools for Detecting Discrepancies in Continuity of Care.

BACKGROUND: The care transition is the time when more medication errors occur. The aim of this study is to analyze the usefulness of a pharmacotherapeutic report model at hospital discharge to prevent medication errors and to simplify pharmacotherapy during a patient's transition from the hospital to primary care. METHODS: Prospective study including patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were admitted to a short-stay unit or an emergency room. Relevant variables were extracted from the patients' clinical history and SPSS software was used to carry out the statistical analysis. Direct costs were also calculated. RESULTS: 79.3% of patients were polymedicated, 15.5% of patients were identified as nonadherent to the treatment, 12.1% were users of alternative therapies, and 10.3% had been prescribed drugs that could be monitored. In 32.8% of the reports, reference was made to the primary care pharmacists with a view to resolve any pharmacotherapeutic discrepancies. A total of 132 discrepancies were identified, the majority being related to medicinal requirements (necessary/unnecessary medication). The major cause of drug-related problems (DRPs) were prescription errors. The drugs that were mainly involved in the onset of DRPs belonged to the R group, and the degree of simplification of the pharmacotherapy was 7.6%. The total cost avoided with the reconciliation was 200€/patient. CONCLUSION: A continuity program was implemented based on the drafting of a pharmacotherapeutic report, which allowed for detecting discrepancies and updating the patients' pharmacotherapeutic history, resulting in financial savings after its implementation.

Conciliación de medicación al alta hospitalaria: colaboración entre farmacéuticos de atención primaria y atención especializada / Medication reconciliation after hospital discharge: collaboration between primary care and specialized care pharmacists

Objetivo: cuantificar la detección y la intervención sobre los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos (PRMs) detectados al alta hospitalaria. Material y Métodos: corte transversal del 8/03/17 al 7/04/2017 de pacientes dados de alta de los servicios de Urología, Digestivo y Cirugía Vascular y pertenecientes a los centros de salud con farmacéutico de Atención Primaria seleccionados. El estudio se realizó en una estructura organizativa de gestión integrada. Se recogieron: datos demográficos, índice de comorbilidad, PRMs y clasificación de medicamentos causantes, intervenciones y porcentaje de aceptación, así como número de reingresos y visitas a urgencias a los 30 días. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el SPSS. Resultados: se incluyeron 145 pacientes (71,7% hombres/edad media 63 años) y se detectaron 207 PRMs en 95 pacientes. La causa de PRMs más frecuente fue el error de prescripción (32%) y el grupo terapéutico predominante fue el A (Tracto Alimentario y Metabolismo; 22%). Un 62% de las propuestas de intervención fueron aceptadas. Un 21,4% de los pacientes visitaron urgencias a los 30 días y un 7,6% reingresaron. Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la duración de la estancia hospitalaria y el número de medicamentos antes de la conciliación (p<0,005). También hubo relación entre la edad de los pacientes y las visitas a urgencias (p=0,043). Conclusiones: se detectaron PRMs en un número elevado de pacientes y más de un 60% de las propuestas de intervención fueron aceptadas. Los errores de prescripción fueron los más frecuentes, y el grupo de medicamentos con más PRMs fue el grupo A

Objective: quantify the detection and intervention on the drug-related problems (DRP) detected in hospital discharge. Material and methods: cross section from 03/8/17 to 04/27/2017 of patients discharged from the Urology, Digestive and Vascular Surgery services of the selected health centres with primary care pharmacist. The study was conducted in a Estructura Organizativa de Gestión Integrada de Vigo (healthcare system with Primary Care and Specialized Care in the same management system). The following data was collected: demographic data, comorbidity index, DRP detected and classification of drugs, interventions and acceptance percentage, as well as the number of readmissions and visits to the emergency department 30 days after hospital discharge. The statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS program. Results:145 patients were included (71.7% men/average age 63 years old) and 207 DRPs were detected in 95 patients. Prescribing errors (32%) were the most common cause of DRP and more interventions were carried out with drugs that belong to alimentary tract and metabolism (22%). 62% of intervention proposals were accepted. 21.4% of patients visit emergency department on those 30 days and 7.6% of patients readmit. A statistically significant relation was found between length of hospital stay and the number of drugs that the patient takes before the reconciliation (p< 0,005). There was also a relation between the age of the patients and the visits to emergency department 30 days after hospital discharge (p=0,043). Conclusions: PRMs were detected in a large number of patients and more than 60% of the intervention proposals were accepted. Prescription errors were the most frequent and group A was de group of drugs with more DRPs

Multidisciplinary teams involved: detection of drug-related problems through continuity of care / Equipos multidisciplinares comprometidos: detección de problemas relacionados con los medicamentos a través de la continuidad asistencial

Objective: To quantify Drug-Related problems (DRPs) by establishing a Strategic Continuity of Care Program (e-Conecta-Concilia Program; e-CC) focused on the drug therapy of patients within an Integrated Management Structure, in order to guarantee the therapeutical efficiency, safety and traceability of patients. Method: A prospective study at 8 months. The project included 22 Hospital Pharmacists and 12 Primary Care Pharmacists. Electronic clinical records were used, which can be accessed by all healthcare levels. Those interventions required in order to create a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) were carried out (creation of working groups, computing, meeting points), for coordination among pharmacists in different care levels through a common communication system. The working groups formed by pharmacists of both care levels established the following inclusion criteria: patients with chronic diseases and polymedicated, patients for whom drug-related problems (DRP) had been detected, detection of any off-label use in Primary Care, or discrepancies in the standardization of medical prescriptions. Results: In the setting of the e-CC program, interventions were unified and discrepancies were identified. During this project, 245 drug-related problems were detected; the majority regarding inadequate dosing, regimen, or duration (24%), and involving Group B medications (33%), according to the ATC classification. Conclusions: The implementation of a Continuity of Care SOP between pharmacists allowed to detect and solve DRPs and discrepancies in patient pharmacotherapy, with a high rate of acceptance (84.1%) of interventions (AU)

Objetivo: Cuantificar los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos (PRMs) mediante el establecimiento de un Programa Estratégico de Continuidad Asistencial (Programa e-Conecta-Concilia; e-CC) enfocado a la farmacoterapia de los pacientes pertenecientes a una Estructura Organizativa de Gestión Integrada, para garantizar la eficiencia, seguridad y trazabilidad terapéutica del paciente. Método: Estudio prospectivo de 8 meses de duración. Participaron en el proyecto 22 farmacéuticos de hospital y 12 de Atención Primaria. Se utilizó la historia clínica electrónica accesible a todos los niveles. Se llevaron a cabo las actuaciones necesarias para la creación de un procedimiento normalizado de trabajo (PNT) (creación de los grupos de trabajo, informática, puntos de encuentro) de coordinación entre farmacéuticos de diferentes niveles asistenciales con un sistema de comunicación común. Los grupos de trabajo constituidos por farmacéuticos de ambos niveles asistenciales establecieron los siguientes criterios de inclusión: pacientes con enfermedades crónicas y polimedicados, pacientes en los que se detectaba algún PRM, detección en Atención Primaria de un uso fuera de ficha técnica o discrepancias en la homologación de recetas sanitarias. Resultados: En el seno del Programa e-CC se unificaron las intervenciones y se identificaron discrepancias. Durante este proyecto se detectaron 245 problemas relacionados con los medicamentos, siendo los mayoritarios los de dosis, pauta o duración no adecuada (24%) y los que afectaban a los medicamentos del grupo B (33%), según la clasificación ATC. Conclusiones: La implantación de un PNT de Continuidad Asistencial entre farmacéuticos permitió detectar y resolver PRMs y discrepancias en la farmacoterapia de los pacientes, con un alto porcentaje de aceptación (84,1%) de las intervenciones (AU)

Multidisciplinary teams involved: detection of drug-related problems through continuity of care.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify Drug-Related problems (DRPs) by establishing a Strategic Continuity of Care Program (e-Conecta- Concilia Program; e-CC) focused on the drug therapy of patients within an Integrated Management Structure, in order to guarantee the therapeutical efficiency, safety and traceability of patients. METHOD: A prospective study at 8 months. The project included 22 Hospital Pharmacists and 12 Primary Care Pharmacists. Electronic clinical records were used, which can be accessed by all healthcare levels. Those interventions required in order to create a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) were carried out (creation of working groups, computing, meeting points), for coordination among pharmacists in different care levels through a common communication system. The working groups formed by pharmacists of both care levels established the following inclusion criteria: patients with chronic diseases and polymedicated, patients for whom drug-related problems (DRP) had been detected, detection of any off-label use in Primary Care, or discrepancies in the standardization of medical prescriptions. RESULTS: In the setting of the e-CC program, interventions were unified and discrepancies were identified. During this project, 245 drug-related problems were detected; the majority regarding inadequate dosing, regimen, or duration (24%), and involving Group B medications (33%), according to the ATC classification. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a Continuity of Care SOP between pharmacists allowed to detect and solve DRPs and discrepancies in patient pharmacotherapy, with a high rate of acceptance (84.1%) of interventions.

Objetivo: Cuantificar los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos (PRMs) mediante el establecimiento de un Programa Estratégico de Continuidad Asistencial (Programa e-Conecta-Concilia; e-CC) enfocado a la farmacoterapia de los pacientes pertenecientes a una Estructura Organizativa de Gestión Integrada, para garantizar la eficiencia, seguridad y trazabilidad terapéutica del paciente. Método: Estudio prospectivo de 8 meses de duración. Participaron en el proyecto 22 farmacéuticos de hospital y 12 de Atención Primaria. Se utilizó la historia clínica electrónica accesible a todos los niveles. Se llevaron a cabo las actuaciones necesarias para la creación de un procedimiento normalizado de trabajo (PNT) (creación de los grupos de trabajo, informática, puntos de encuentro) de coordinación entre farmacéuticos de diferentes niveles asistenciales con un sistema de comunicación común. Los grupos de trabajo constituidos por farmacéuticos de ambos niveles asistenciales establecieron los siguientes criterios de inclusión: pacientes con enfermedades crónicas y polimedicados, pacientes en los que se detectaba algún PRM, detección en Atención Primaria de un uso fuera de ficha técnica o discrepancias en la homologación de recetas sanitarias. Resultados: En el seno del Programa e-CC se unificaron las intervenciones y se identificaron discrepancias. Durante este proyecto se detectaron 245 problemas relacionados con los medicamentos, siendo los mayoritarios los de dosis, pauta o duración no adecuada (24%) y los que afectaban a los medicamentos del grupo B (33%), según la clasificación ATC. Conclusiones: La implantación de un PNT de Continuidad Asistencial entre farmacéuticos permitió detectar y resolver PRMs y discrepancias en la farmacoterapia de los pacientes, con un alto porcentaje de aceptación (84,1%) de las intervenciones.

Pretreatment levels of the serum biomarkers CEA, CYFRA 21-1, SCC and the soluble EGFR and its ligands EGF, TGF-alpha, HB-EGF in the prediction of outcome in erlotinib treated non-small-cell lung cancer patients.

The aim of this study has been to investigate the potential of serum biomarkers used in clinical practice (CEA, CYFRA 21-1, SCC) together with the serum epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its associated ligands (EGF, TGF-α, HB-EGF) as outcome predictors of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with the TKI erlotinib. The pretreatment levels of these markers were evaluated through immunoassays carried out in 58 patients. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method and differences between groups were compared by means of the Log-Rank test. Association of risk factors with survival was evaluated using the univariate and multivariate Cox modelling procedures. Higher CEA (>5 ng/mL) and sEGFR (>56.87 ng/mL) concentrations associated significantly with a higher overall survival. The pre-treatment sEGFR serum levels constituted an independent prognostic factor. The EGFR gene mutational status and the sEGFR level combination was the single to associate significantly with longer progression-free survival periods, in circumstances in which the EGFR gene was mutated and increased protein serum levels were detected. The overall survival as assessed through a Cox analysis revealed similar death hazards with respect to low sEGFR levels combined both with non-mutated EGFR genotypes and low CEA serum levels. Our results suggest that the pre-treatment CEA and sEGFR serum levels may provide a comparable source of information to that supplied by the EGFR gene mutational status with respect to the prognosis of erlotinib treated NSCLC patients. A combined sEGFR and CEA level appraisal could be of considerable value to select patients to undergo EGFR-TKI treatments.