ABSTRACT
We report a case of epidural metastasis with left renal vein invasion. This nonsymptomatic venous involvement was detected by ultrasonography and confirmed at CT and MR imaging. Such an unusual cause of renal vein tumor thrombus occurred through a lumbar vein which represents one of its usual collateral branches.
Subject(s)
Liposarcoma, Myxoid/secondary , Lumbar Vertebrae , Renal Veins , Spinal Neoplasms/secondary , Thrombosis/etiology , Epidural Space , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle Aged , Thrombosis/diagnosis , Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Vaginal ultrasonography of the uterus using a high frequency endocavitary probe was performed in 300 postmenopausal women: 150 receiving no replacement nor suppressive hormone therapy and 150 receiving adjuvant anti-estrogen treatment in the form of tamoxifen because of breast cancer. Evidence was found of hydrometra in 84 cases (28%): 10 in the group taking no hormone therapy (6.6%) as compared with 74 in the group exposed to tamoxifen (49.3%). The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). In addition, mean thickness of the endometrium was estimated at 6 mm (range: 2-40) in the first group versus 12 mm (range: 3-60) in the second (p < 0.001). It emerged from this comparative ultrasound study that the incidence of postmenopausal hydrometra was influenced by taking tamoxifen. Fluid secretion appearances seen one out of two in treated patients reflect the paradoxical proestrogenic type action of tamoxifen on the uterine mucosa.
Subject(s)
Postmenopause , Tamoxifen/pharmacology , Uterine Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Uterus/drug effects , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Tamoxifen/administration & dosage , Tamoxifen/therapeutic use , Time Factors , Ultrasonography , Uterus/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
This retrospective study was carried out on 80 patients who had abnormalities discovered on mammography without any associated clinical signs. In some patients bilateral abnormalities were found so that 87 biopsies were carried out and this gave the result that 45 of the lesions were shown to be benign, 18 lesions were borderline and 24 lesions (27.6%) were of carcinomata. The frequency of these lesions goes up to 32% if areas of microcalcification only are considered. These tumours diagnosed in this sort of way, whether they are canal lesions or lobular lesions, usually show favourable histological features as far as invasion, size and lymphatic involvement is concerned. Borderline lesions are a histological group with as yet no fully evaluated significance but it has seemed to us interesting to describe them.
