ABSTRACT
Este artículo abre una reflexión teórica y clínica sobre la inclusión de la realidad virtual en la consulta analítica con pacientes niños y adolescentes: ¿cómo utilizarla? ¿Qué función adquiere en ese momento? Incluir la realidad virtual en la psicoterapia significa transformarla en material interpretable, pero teniendo en cuenta el funcionamiento psíquico del paciente, su historia personal y la calidad de la relación de transferencia. Con el confinamiento impuesto por la emergencia COVID-19 es imperioso plantearnos reflexiones nuevas acerca de estas temáticas: el encuadre de la psicoterapia también se ha virtualizado, lo cual ha dado vida a nuevos escenarios que ponen límites, pero que también abren puertas(AU)
This paper proposes a theoretical-clinical reflection of the virtual worlds uses and functions in childhood and adolescence. The work of psychotherapy with children and adolescents has allowed the authors to deal with the virtual contents that patients brings in the analysis room. In order to give meaning to this type of content, it is underlined the importance of referring to the specificities of the psychic functioning of each patient, its history, the quality of the transferal relationship. The health emergency from Covid-19, has brought therapists and patients to meet online, and has also opened up new interpretative scenarios and new ways to stay in therapy session(AU)
Cet article propose une réflexion théorique et clinique sur l'utilisation et les fonctions du virtuel chez les enfants et les adolescents. Le travail de psychothérapie avec les enfants et les adolescents a conduit les auteures à se confronter aux contenus virtuels que les patients font entrer dans leur cabinet d'analyse. Pour appréhender ce type de matériel, il est important de faire référence aux particularités du fonctionnement psychique de chaque patient, à son histoire, à la qualité du transfert. De plus, la crise sanitaire de la COVID-19 qui a fait que thérapeute et patient se rencontrent en ligne a suscité de nouveaux schémas d'interprétation et de nouvelles modalités de déroulement des séances(AU)
A matéria propõe uma reflexão teórico-clínica sobre os usos e funções do virtual na idade evolutiva. O trabalho de psicoterapia com crianças e adolescentes levou os Autores a confrontarem-se sobre o conteúdo virtual que os pacientes trazem para a sala de análise. A fim de dar sentido a este tipo de material, se dá relevo à importância de se referir à especificidade do funcionamento psíquico de cada paciente, sua história, a qualidade de relação transferal. A emergência sanitária do COVID-19, que levou terapeutas e pacientes a se reunirem online, trouxe também novos cenários interpretativos e novas formas de conduzirem as sessões(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Psychotherapy , Virtual Reality , COVID-19ABSTRACT
In this paper, the six more poisonous species among all congeners of dioxin group are taken into account, and the P-T diagram for each of them is developed. Starting from the knowledge of vapour tensions and thermodynamic parameters, the theoretical adsorption isotherms are calculated according to the Langmuir's model. In particular, the Langmuir isotherm parameters (K and wmax) have been validated through the estimation of the adsorption heat (ΔHads), which varies in the range 20-24kJ/mol, in agreement with literature values. This result will allow to put the thermodynamical basis for a rational design of different process units devoted to dioxins removal.
ABSTRACT
The linear biosynthetic pathway leading from alpha-ketoisovalerate to pantothenate (vitamin B5) and on to CoA comprises eight steps in the Bacteria and Eukaryota. Genes for up to six steps of this pathway can be identified by sequence homology in individual archaeal genomes. However, there are no archaeal homologs to known isoforms of pantothenate synthetase (PS) or pantothenate kinase. Using comparative genomics, we previously identified two conserved archaeal protein families as the best candidates for the missing steps. Here we report the characterization of the predicted PS gene from Methanosarcina mazei, which encodes a hypothetical protein (MM2281) with no obvious homologs outside its own family. When expressed in Escherichia coli, MM2281 partially complemented an auxotrophic mutant without PS activity. Purified recombinant MM2281 showed no PS activity on its own, but the enzyme enabled substantial synthesis of [14C]4'-phosphopantothenate from [14C]beta-alanine, pantoate and ATP when coupled with E. coli pantothenate kinase. ADP, but not AMP, was detected as a coproduct of the coupled reaction. MM2281 also transferred the 14C-label from [14C]beta-alanine to pantothenate in the presence of pantoate and ADP, presumably through isotope exchange. No exchange took place when pantoate was removed or ADP replaced with AMP. Our results indicate that MM2281 represents a novel type of PS that forms ADP and is strongly inhibited by its product pantothenate. These properties differ substantially from those of bacterial PS, and may explain why PS genes, in contrast to other pantothenate biosynthetic genes, were not exchanged horizontally between the Bacteria and Archaea.
Subject(s)
Archaea/enzymology , Archaeal Proteins/chemistry , Methanosarcina/metabolism , Peptide Synthases/chemistry , Adenosine Diphosphate/chemistry , Adenosine Monophosphate/chemistry , Archaea/metabolism , Conserved Sequence , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Genetic Complementation Test , Genomics , Kinetics , Models, Biological , Protein Isoforms , Recombinant Proteins/chemistryABSTRACT
Pantothenate (vitamin B5) is the universal precursor for coenzyme A (CoA), an essential cofactor that is required in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids. The final step of bacterial and eukaryotic pantothenate biosynthesis is catalyzed by pantothenate synthetase (PTS), which is encoded by a single gene in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPTS). There was debate whether PTS represents the only mode of pantothenate production because previous biochemical evidence pointed to an additional pantothenate pathway in plants. Here we show that insertional mutant alleles of AtPTS confer a recessive embryo-lethal phenotype with mutant embryos arrested at the preglobular stage. Exogenous pantothenate was required for normal seed development and germination and also facilitated the remaining life cycle. Complementation of the mutant phenotype was likewise achieved by heterologous expression of E. coli PTS (panC). The panC transgene increased the total PTS activity in leaves by up to 500-fold but did not affect the steady-state level of pantothenate, indicating that PTS is essential but not limiting for pantothenate production. The auxotrophic AtPTS knockout phenotype suggests that the embryo and possibly all other tissues are autonomous for the biosynthesis of pantothenate. This view is consistent with the near-ubiquitous expression of AtPTS as judged by promoter:beta-glucuronidase analysis. Given the high demand for CoA during storage oil accumulation, we analyzed transcript and metabolite patterns of CoA biosynthesis in seeds. The data indicate that the pantothenate and CoA contents follow distinct developmental programs and that both transcriptional and posttranslational control mechanisms are important for CoA homeostasis.
Subject(s)
Arabidopsis/metabolism , Pantothenic Acid/biosynthesis , Peptide Synthases/metabolism , Arabidopsis/enzymology , Base Sequence , DNA Primers , DNA, Bacterial , Promoter Regions, GeneticABSTRACT
Just two examples of writings by the hand of S. Francesco are known to exist: a letter to Brother Leone, kept in the archives of Spoleto cathedral and the Chartula, displayed in the Hall of Reliquaries at Assisi's Sacro Convento. For the first time in its history the Chartula has undergone a series of non-destructive analyses, with the object of establishing its current state of conservation and the types of inks used in its making. A new display case has been designed and built for the improved conservation of this precious document. The new housing substitutes an ancient case, which was located inside the original reliquary.
