ABSTRACT
This paper will focus on some of the most traumatic factors faced by the average Palestinian child during times of war. Unlike most research, which limits the Palestinian child's experience in war to military-related traumatic events, in this paper I will attempt to illustrate the Palestinian child's internal and external experiences, using empirical studies, my own clinical experience and an analytic understanding of historical and present events, in addition to a case study. This includes the different sources of stress and trauma that face Palestinian children and which ultimately create a multi-traumatic environment. I will also compare the situation of Palestinian children during the first and the second Intifadas. The analyses will include concepts such as trauma, witnessing, trans-generation, familial and social stress factors, and sense of loss of control. This paper could help clinicians as well as researchers to develop a more comprehensive conceptual model of understanding the emotional lives of Palestinian children.
Subject(s)
Arabs , Environment , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has now become the treatment of choice for symptomatic gall stones. There does, however, appear to be an increased incidence of bile duct injuries. In this article, experience with eight patients who sustained a bile duct injury and were referred to the Hepatobiliary Service at Westmead Hospital, between 1990 and 1992, is reported.
Subject(s)
Bile Ducts/injuries , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/adverse effects , Adult , Aged , Cholangiography , Female , Humans , Intraoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging , Intraoperative Complications/surgery , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
A 74-year-old female suffering from recurrent rectal prolapse underwent laparoscopic rectopexy. A modified sling rectopexy was performed with excellent results. The authors believe that this is the first report of this technique.
Subject(s)
Laparoscopy , Rectal Prolapse/surgery , Rectum/surgery , Aged , Female , HumansABSTRACT
An in vitro system has been developed that allows the formation of translation initiation complexes with Euglena chloroplast 30S ribosomal subunits and natural mRNAs. For these experiments two regions of the Euglena chloroplast genome have been cloned behind the T7 transcriptional promoter and the corresponding RNAs synthesized in vitro. These mRNAs are capable of forming initiation complexes with chloroplast 30S subunits in the presence of fMet-tRNA and E. coli initiation factors. Deletion of the normal translation start site results in a message that is no longer recognized by the chloroplast subunits suggesting that the correct AUG initiation codon on the mRNA is being selected by the small ribosomal subunit. Initiation complex formation with the chloroplast 30S subunits is specific for chloroplast mRNAs and mRNA from the phage MS2 is not active in this system.
