Electron-phonon interaction toward engineering carrier mobility of periodic edge structured graphene nanoribbons.

Graphene nanoribbons have many extraordinary electrical properties and are the candidates for semiconductor industry. In this research, we propose a design of Coved GNRs with periodic structure ranged from 4 to 8 nm or more, of which the size is within practical feature sizes by advanced lithography tools. The carrier transport properties of Coved GNRs with the periodic coved shape are designed to break the localized electronic state and reducing electron-phonon scattering. In this way, the mobility of Coved GNRs can be enhanced by orders compared with the zigzag GNRs in same width. Moreover, in contrast to occasional zero bandgap transition of armchair and zigzag GNRs without precision control in atomic level, the Coved GNRs with periodic edge structures can exclude the zero bandgap conditions, which makes practical the mass production process. The designed Coved-GNRs is fabricated over the Germanium (110) substrate where the graphene can be prepared in the single-crystalline and single-oriented formants and the edge of GNRs is later repaired under "balanced condition growth" and we demonstrate that the propose coved structures are compatible to current fabrication facility.

The Bayes Estimators of the Variance and Scale Parameters of the Normal Model With a Known Mean for the Conjugate and Noninformative Priors Under Stein's Loss.

For the normal model with a known mean, the Bayes estimation of the variance parameter under the conjugate prior is studied in Lehmann and Casella (1998) and Mao and Tang (2012). However, they only calculate the Bayes estimator with respect to a conjugate prior under the squared error loss function. Zhang (2017) calculates the Bayes estimator of the variance parameter of the normal model with a known mean with respect to the conjugate prior under Stein's loss function which penalizes gross overestimation and gross underestimation equally, and the corresponding Posterior Expected Stein's Loss (PESL). Motivated by their works, we have calculated the Bayes estimators of the variance parameter with respect to the noninformative (Jeffreys's, reference, and matching) priors under Stein's loss function, and the corresponding PESLs. Moreover, we have calculated the Bayes estimators of the scale parameter with respect to the conjugate and noninformative priors under Stein's loss function, and the corresponding PESLs. The quantities (prior, posterior, three posterior expectations, two Bayes estimators, and two PESLs) and expressions of the variance and scale parameters of the model for the conjugate and noninformative priors are summarized in two tables. After that, the numerical simulations are carried out to exemplify the theoretical findings. Finally, we calculate the Bayes estimators and the PESLs of the variance and scale parameters of the S&P 500 monthly simple returns for the conjugate and noninformative priors.

The contemplated average success probability for normally distributed models with an application to optimal sample sizes selection.

We analytically obtain the average success probability (ASP) and the contemplated average success probability (CASP) for normally distributed observed differences in the treatment group and the placebo group means of the early trial and the confirmatory trial, assuming a uniform noninformative prior for the population treatment effect and a common known variance of the observations from both groups. For the CASP optimization problem with a fixed subtotal sample size of the early trial and the confirmatory trial of one arm larger than a threshold, we obtain the optimal plan of the sample sizes in a theorem. Moreover, in the theorem, we obtain the analytical formula of the optimal CASP as an increasing function of the subtotal sample size. After that, we calculate and compare the numerical values of the ASP with those in Table 1 of Chuang-Stein (2006). Finally, we investigate the numerical features of the CASP and find the optimal plan of the sample sizes for a given subtotal sample size.

Prediction on vertical craniofacial bone relationship in patients withskeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion based on genetic algorithms method / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To establish the quantitative relationship equation of the crantiofacial vertical points in the skeletal classⅡ malocclusion patients with various vertical types by using genetic algorithms method,and to express the measured values in the patients with different gender with the same formula.Methods:A total of 155 skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion patients without treatment,aged from 10 to 18 years old,were selected and divided into high-angle group(n=50),average-angle group(n=58),low-angle group(n=47);5 samples were randomly selected in each group as the test samples,the rest as the experimental sample.The cephalometic radiographs were performed and measured.The relevant influencing factors of craniofacial structure were ensured.The genetic algorithm was used to optimize the equation parameters to obtain the correlation equation.The error between the predicted value and the measured value was compared.Results:The various parameters had no significant differences between different gender in high-angle,average-angle and low-angle groups(P>0.05);then the men and the women with same type were combined,most of the indicators had statistically significant differences between three groups (P0.05).Conclusion:The quantitative relationship equation of the crantiofacial vertical points in the skeletal class Ⅱmalocclusion patients with various vertical types established with genetic algorithms may show the vertical quantitative relationship and predict the growth to a certain degree.

Analysis on correlation of sagittal craniofacial structures with different classes of malocclusion based on genetic algorithms method / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To optimize the parameters of the equation of sagittal craniofacial structures with different classes of malocclusion using genetic algorithms(GAS), and to explore the rules .Methods:A total of 240 patients with average angle malocclusion aged 8-18 years old were divided into three groups: Angle Class Ⅰ(n=79), Angle Class Ⅱ(n=76)and Angle Class Ⅲ(n=85) groups.In each group 10 cases were randomly selected as the test samples, the rest as the experimental samples.The cephalometric analysis was performed on all the patients'' cephalograms, and the results of Ba-N,Ba-A,Ba-S,S-Ptm,Ptm-A,Ba-Ar,Ar-Go,Go-PoG,Ba-PoG and N-S-Ar were analyzed by two independent samples t-test and One-Way ANOVA. The relevant influencing factors of craniofacial structures were found.The parameters of the equation was optimized to obtain the relevant equations using GAS.The predicted values of the optimized equation were compared with the measured values.Results:There were no significant differences in sex between Angle Class Ⅰ, Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ groups(P> 0.05);when the men and women with the same type were combined,the Ba-A,Ptm-A,Ar-Go,and Ba-PoG had statistically significant differences between Angle Class Ⅰ, Class Ⅱ, and Class Ⅲ groups (P 0.05), and the error was small.Conclusion: The optimal relation equation of craniofacial structure of sagittal malocclusion is established by GAS with the quantitative regularity.

Pregnancy outcomes of repeat cesarean section in Peking Union Medical College Hospital / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of elective repeat cesarean section on the maternal and neonatal outcomes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective clinic- and hospital-based survey was designed for comparing the maternal and neonatal outcomes of elective repeat cesarean section [RCS group (one previous cesarean section) and MRCS group (two or more previous cesarean sections)] and primary cesarean section (FCS group) at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1998 to December 2007.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of repeat cesarean section increased from 1.26% to 7.32%. The mean gestational age at delivery in RCS group (38.1+/-1.8 weeks) and MRCS group (37.3+/-2.5 weeks) were significantly shorter than that in FCS group (38.9+/-2.1 weeks, all P<0.01). The incidence of complication was 33.8% and 33.3% in RCS group and MRCS group respectively, and was significantly higher than that in FCS group (7.9%, P<0.05). Dense adhesion (13.5% vs. 0.4%, OR=7.156, 95% CI: 1.7-30.7, P<0.01) and uterine rupture (1.0% vs. 0, P<0.05) were commoner in RCS group compared with FCS group. Neonatal morbidity was similar among three groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Repeat cesarean section is associated with more complicated surgery technique and increased frequency of maternal morbidity. However, the incidence of neonatal morbidity is similar to primary cesarean section.</p>

Study on anxiety and depressive disorder of inpatients in general hospital / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the co-morbidity of anxiety and depression in hospitalized patients and to analyze the degree of symptoms and the influential factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty patients with malignant tumor were injected with thymosin alpha 1 subcutaneously at the dose of 1.6 mg q.d. for the first month and q.o.d. for the following month. The number of T cell subgroups and the activity of NK cell in peripheral blood were detected and the quality of life of the patients were evaluated before treatment and at the end of treatment.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>(1) About 39.9 % of the patients presented the symptoms of anxiety and depression and out of them 6.7 % were taken psychotropic medication. (2) Stepwise Logistic Regression showed that the factors related to anxiety and depression could be classified into four categories: economic factor, sleeping status, cognition of disease, the other factors such as course of disease and the environment of hospital. (3) Data analysis of oncology patients showed that the cognition of disease would be an important factor, which would affect anxiety and depression status.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Multiple factors can affect anxiety and depression symptoms of inpatients. The results suggest that psychological intervention such as cognitive therapy should be considered in clinical practice.</p>

Effect of different delivery modes on the short-term function of the pelvic floor / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of different delivery modes and related obstetric factors on the short-term function of the pelvic floor.Methods One hundred and twenty healthy primiparae women were interviewed at 6-8 weeks postpartum,with 72 women in the vaginal delivery group and 48 women in the elective cesarean section group.Questionnaire on stress urinary incontinence and measurement of diastolic and contractive function of the pelvic floor muscles by electromyogram(EMG)were used for the evaluation and comparison.Results The prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in the vaginal delivery group and the elective cesarean section group was 21% and 10%(P=0.134),respectively.The values of the right act,right work,and average work surveyed by EMG in vaginal delivery group were significantly lower than those in cesarean section group(right act,12.9?0.8 vs 17.3?1.7,P

Clinical analysis of maternal and neonatal outcomes in uncomplicated term nulliparous after different routes of delivery / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes after induction,elective cesarean section and spontaneous onset of labor in uncomplicated term nulliparous women.Methods A total of 3751 uncomplicated term nullipara who delivered in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from Sept 2002 to April 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into three groups:the induction group, the elective cesarean section group,and the spontaneous onset of labor group.Their general conditions (such as age,weeks of pregnancy,hospital days and cost),postpartum complications(such as postpartum hemorrhage,puerperal morbidity,urinary retention,blood transfusion,delayed healing,and trauma),and Apgar score were compared by statistic methods.Results(1)Among 3751 women,501(13.3%)of them underwent induction(the induction group),1634(43.6%)delivered by cesarean section(cesarean section group),the other 1616(43.1%)women underwent spontaneous onset of labor(the spontaneous onset of labor group).(2)Results of general conditions:the spontaneous onset of labor group had the shortest hospital days,which was longer in the induction group,and the longest in the selective cesarean section group(P

LASER MUTAGENESIS AND SELECTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS ZOOEPIDEMICUS PROTOPLASTS / 微生物学通报

Conditions about protoplast preparation and regeneration of Streptococcus zooepidemicus,which could produce hyaluronic acid, were studied , including the concentration of lysozyme, lytic time, different osmotic stabilizers and the preculture under the high osmotic pressure . As a result, the formation and regeneration rate of protoplasts could reach up to 94.6% and 18.5% respectively under the optimum conditions, before the digestion of lysozyme (50U/mL,39℃, 60 min) the strain was cultured for 2 hours in 0.6 mol/L NaCl high osmotic pressure liquid medium containing 1.2% Gly. Among different treatments of various laser power and irradiating time, He-Ne laser which acted for 300 seconds with 40mW /cm 2 caused lethality rate as high as 99.88%. Finally, a mutated strain was gained, whose production of HA is 2.21g/L, just 4.5 times as much as the original strain.